心脏术后体外膜肺氧合支持治疗的医院感染分析

目的分析进行体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)支持治疗患者医院感染情况。方法回顾性收集、分析医院2005年8月-2009年8月应用ECMO辅助治疗患者的医院感染资料。结果 120例患者,平均年龄(51.6±13.9)岁,医院感染49例,感染率40.8%;分离病原菌146株,其中革兰阴性菌81株,占55.5%,革兰阳性菌51株,占34.9%,真菌14株,占9.6%;医院感染组患者死亡27例,病死率为55.1%,非医院感染组死亡26例,病死率为36.6%,两组患者病死率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归分析医院感染与二次气管插管以及ICU滞留时间有关。结论医院感染是ECMO支持治疗的常见并发症之一,并且二次气管插管以及ICU滞留时间是其独立危险因素,严格无菌操作,合理使用抗菌药物,以降低病死率。     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

RIFLE肾功能分级对心脏术后ECMO辅助病人转归的预测意义

目的 探讨RIFLE肾功能分级系统与住院死亡的相关关系,并探讨其对病人转归的预测意义.方法 收集2004年10月至2006年11月40例心脏手术后应用体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)进行支持治疗的成年病人资料,包括术后呼吸机辅助时间、监护室停留时间及转归等.结果 ECMO辅助平均(56.8±44.1)h.32例成功脱离ECMO,脱机率为80%,22例生存出院,总病死率45%.RIFLE分级系统ROC曲线下面积为0.904(95%可信区间0.798～1.010,P＜0.01)与病死率之间有很好的相关性.结论 RIFLE分级系统能够可靠预测ECMO辅助治疗病人的预后及死亡,应用简便、快捷.     

心脏手术后患者的镇静治疗

心脏病患者心脏功能储备降低，部分患者合并高血压、糖尿病等，常伴有呼吸、肝、肾功能减退，且手术创伤大、介入操作多，体外循环又可导致血液稀释、组织水肿、缺血-再灌注损伤等，加之患者术前精神压力大，术后容易发生焦虑躁动，循环状况不稳定时易发生意外。适当镇静治疗，对减轻患者应激反应，降低机体氧耗，维持血流动力学稳定很重要。     

心脏直视术后肺部真菌感染临床分析

目的 探讨心脏手术后肺部真菌感染的相关因素及治疗.方法 回顾2004年1月-2006年12月324例心脏直视手术后发生医院感染病例的临床资料.结果 共发生肺部真菌感染61例,占同期医院感染的18.8%,患者均病情危重且使用过广谱抗菌药物及糖皮质激素,36例患者机械通气时间＞1周;白色假丝酵母菌最多见,其次为光滑假丝酵母菌,药敏结果显示,氟康唑、伊曲康唑及5-氟胞嘧啶等具有良好的抗菌活性.结论 心脏手术后肺部真菌感染呈增加趋势,其发病与基础疾病严重、长时间机械通气、使用广谱抗菌药物等密切相关.     

基于3D打印技术构建的多维管理模式在髋臼骨折术中的应用

[目的]探讨应用3D打印技术对髋臼骨折手术病人进行多维模式管理的应用效果。[方法]将60例髋关节骨折病人随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组基于3D打印技术应用多维管理模式对病人进行干预,比较两组病人手术时间、总失血量、隐性失血量、术后髋关节功能Harris评分及并发症情况。[结果]观察组病人手术时间、总失血量、隐性失血量少于对照组(P<0.05),Harris评分高于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]多维管理模式应用于复杂髋臼骨折手术病人中可缩短住院时间,减少手术失血量,减少并发症,促进病人康复。     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

心脏外科重症监护病房患者医院感染鲍氏不动杆菌及耐药性分析

目的 调查医院心脏手术后患者发生医院感染鲍氏不动杆菌及耐药性.方法 回顾2005年1月～2008年12月医院心脏外科重症监护病房鲍氏不动杆菌临床分离株的药敏资料.结果 1989例送检标本共分离出鲍氏不动杆菌182株,在革兰阴性杆菌检出中占43.2%,其中180株来源于呼吸道,2株来源于血液;对美罗培南、亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦及米诺环素的敏感率较高,耐药率分别为10.4%、11.5%、12.I%和18.7%,其他抗菌药物耐药情况严重.结论 鲍氏不动杆菌是心脏外科重症监护病房医院感染的重要致病菌,耐药情况严重,应合理使用抗菌药物以及注重预防,防止暴发流行.     

盐酸氨溴索对非体外冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者早期呼吸功能的影响

目的观察静脉应用盐酸氨溴索对非体外冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCABG)术后患者早期呼吸功能的影响。方法 2009年9-10月北京安贞医院院心脏外科监护病房收治的OPCABG术后患者64例,随机分为对照组(32例)和治疗组(32例)。治疗组给予盐酸氨溴索150mg+0.9%生理盐水100ml静脉点滴,每12h一次,对照组给予0.9%生理盐水100ml静脉点滴,每12h一次。观察两组用药前后PaO2、PaO2/FiO2、PA-aO2、SaO2等指标,并观察气道峰压(PIP)、气道阻力(RAW)以及呼吸机辅助时间、撤离机械通气后患者浅快呼吸指数(RSBI)等情况。结果治疗组PaO2、PaO2/FiO2、PA-aO2、SaO2等指标显著优于对照组,机械通气时间明显缩短。结论静脉应用盐酸氨溴索可显著改善OPCABG术后患者早期呼吸功能。     

心外科术后连续肾脏替代治疗患者医院感染危险因素及预后

目的 探讨心脏外科手术后连续肾脏替代治疗患者医院感染及预后的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析医院2006年1月～2007年12月的心外科术后连续肾脏替代治疗患者医院感染资料.结果 两年来医院对125例心外科术后肾功能衰竭患者进行连续肾脏替代治疗,其中59例发生了医院感染,感染率为47.20%;分离病原菌158株,其中革兰阴性杆菌74株(46.84%),革兰阳性球菌58株(36.71%),真菌26株(16.46%);Logistic回归分析医院感染与术后机械通气时间(X1)、住院时间(X2)、住ICU时问(X3)有关,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.642,P＜0.01);医院感染组患者病死率为66.10%,非医院感染组病死率49.94%,两组病死率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.168,P=0.013).结论 医院感染是心外科术后连续肾脏替代治疗患者死亡危险因素,提高患者生存率应控制医院感染.