无创正压通气治疗心脏术后急性呼吸衰竭的疗效和安全性研究

目的:探讨无创正压通气(NPPV)治疗心脏术后急性呼吸衰竭的疗效和安全性。方法:选择2011年9月至2012年10月,心脏外科术后发生急性呼吸衰竭适合进行NPPV的患者,随机分为无创通气组及常规治疗组。记录生命体征、血气分析测值,比较两组患者的再插管率、气管切开率、呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率、病死率、入组后机械通气时间、住重症监护室(ICU)时间和术后住院时间。结果:研究期间,共有急性呼吸衰竭患者113例,符合纳入标准77例,男性48例,女性29例,平均年龄(61.7±11.0)岁,其中冠状动脉搭桥术38例,瓣膜手术20例,瓣膜手术+冠状动脉搭桥术9例,大血管手术7例,其他手术3例。无创通气组(n=39),常规治疗组(n=38)。无创通气组再插管率为12.8%,气管切开率10.2%,VAP发生率0,住院病死率12.8%,均明显低于常规治疗组(分别为84.2%、31.6%、18.4%和26.3%)(P<0.05或P<0.01)。无创通气组入组后机械通气时间和住ICU时间中位数分别为28.0(10.5,43.0)h和4.0(2.0,5.0)d,显著低于常规治疗组的69.5(3.8,248.0)h和5.0(4.0,9.0)d,(P<0.05或P<0.01),两组术后住院时间相近[分别为13.0(10.5,20.0)d和17.0(11.0,28.3)d,P>0.05]。NPPV治疗后2～4h,pH、PaCO2和PaO2均显著改善,心率和呼吸频率减慢(P<0.05或P<0.01),与同时间点常规治疗组水平相近。结论:NPPV选择性用于心脏术后急性呼吸衰竭,可显著降低再插管率,改善患者预后,疗效明显优于常规治疗组。需多中心大样本随机对照研究,以明确NPPV在心脏术后患者中应用的适应证和影响疗效因素。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术危险评价系统的建立应用及临床修正

<正>冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)是目前世界上治疗冠心病最有效的方法之一。全球每年有超过80万例患者行CABG。高龄、体弱及合并其他疾病的在手术患者中所占的比例越来越大,且多伴有糖尿病、高血压及慢性阻塞性肺疾     

A型主动脉夹层手术后发生呼吸功能不全的危险因素分析

目的 分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术后病人发生急性呼吸功能不全(ARD)的相关危险因素,为制定预防和治疗措施提供依据.方法 2009年2月至2010年10月在深低温(鼻温降至18℃)停循环下行主动脉替换术的A型主动脉夹层病例252例,其中男193例,女59例;平均年龄(47±11)岁.术前诊断急性A型夹层1...     

体外膜肺氧合辅助后高胆红素血症的临床意义

Objective The incidence of post-operative hyperbilimbinemia, which is associated with poor outcomes in patients, was reported to be increased in recent years though it has been a rare complication for cardiac operations. Post-opera-tive impairment of liver function is highlighted. We evaluated the incidence and prognosis of post-operative hyperbiliruhinemia in adult patients who underwent cardiotomy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods Sixty-five adult patients who had received ECMO support after cardiac surgery from 2004 to 2008 were enrolled and evaluated retrospec-tively. Post-oporative hypethilirubinemia was defined as the serum level of the total bilirubin more than 51.3 μmol/L during postoperative period. Demographic and clinical data included gender, age, types of surgery, perioperative hemodynamic param-eters, biochemical variables, duration of the ventilation support, ICU stay and outcomes. Results The mean age of the pa-tients was (50.1 ± 13.9) years, forty-six patients(70.8%) were male. The main cardiac procedures were heart transplanta-tion for 9 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operations for 47 patients, congenital heart disease correction for 4 patients and other operations for 5 patients. Among all patients, fifty-one patients(78.5%) were weaned from ECMO succeas-fully and thirty-thrce patients were discharged from hospital. The overall mortality rate was 49.2%. Overall incidence of post-operative hyperbilirubinemia was 55.4%. In patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia, the mean peak value for serum to-tal bilirubin was 104.8 (68.5-156.7) μmol/l. The hospital mortality in the hyperbilirubinemia group was significantly higher than that in the non-hyperbilirubinemia group(66.7% vs. 27.6%, P <0.01). Moreover, postoperative hypethilirubinemia (adds ratio = 3. 895, 95% confidence interval, 1.088 - 13.947 ; P = 0.037) and SOFA score (odds ratio = 1.214, 95% confidence interval, 0.987 - 1.494, P = 0.047) and APACHE Ⅲ score (odds ratio = 1.096, 95% confidence interval, 1.028 - 1.169 ; P = 0.004) were associated with hospital mortality after adjusting for preoperative levels of the total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, gender and age. Conclusion Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is one of the complications in adult patients who undergo cardiotomy with ECMO support, and is associated with increased hospital mortality.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

体外膜式氧合相关并发症分析

目的 分析体外膜式氧合(ECMO)辅助过程中相关并发症情况,以期对提高ECMO辅助抢救成功率.方法 回顾2005年3月至2008年6月117例接受ECMO辅助者的临床资料,其中静脉-静脉转流2例,静脉-升主动脉转流5例,股静脉-股动脉转流110例.结果 ECMO平均辅助时间61h.死亡48例,病死率41.0%.74例治疗过程中发生各种并发症,发生率为63.2%.主要并发症为感染32例次、肾功能衰竭需要透析29例次、氧合器血浆渗漏29例次、二次开胸止血24例次潲化道出血14例次、溶血7例次、肢体血栓5例次、神经系统并发症4例次、离心泵故障1例次.结论 出血是ECMO早期最常见的并发症,随辅助时间延长,感染、肾功能衰竭及氧合器血浆渗漏等并发症明显增加.积极预防、治疗并发症对提高ECMO病人抢救成功率非常重要.     

2002-2011年中国1~14岁儿童伤害死亡率水平和变化趋势

目的 分析中国1~14岁儿童伤害主要死因及死亡率变化趋势,为制定更有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 利用公开发表的2003-2012年中国卫生统计年鉴居民病伤死亡原因报表资料进行分析。结果 2002-2011年全国1~14岁儿童总标化伤害死亡率在13.97/10⁵~23.24/10⁵之间,呈逐年下降趋势;溺水身亡和车祸是儿童主要伤害死亡原因,占儿童历年伤害死亡的70%以上;农村儿童总伤害死亡率约为城市儿童的1.7倍,并且车祸死亡率在农村呈上升趋势;1～4岁儿童总伤害标化死亡率和溺水身亡率明显高于5～9岁以及10～14岁儿童;男性儿童总伤害标化死亡率是女性儿童的1.8倍,溺水身亡率是女性儿童的2.0倍。结论 中国1～14岁儿童伤害死亡率逐年下降,溺水身亡和车祸是主要死亡原因,农村儿童车祸死亡率有上升趋势;农村儿童伤害死亡率高于城市,男性儿童高于女性儿童,1～4岁儿童高于5～9岁和10～14岁。     

24例微创主动脉瓣置换术临床分析

目的:探讨采用PORT ACCESS技术,进行微创主动脉瓣置换手术的安全性。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年6月至2012年5月期间,24例微创主动脉瓣替换术患者的临床资料,并与48例传统正中开胸主动脉瓣置换患者资料作对比性研究。结果:微创组虽然在平均体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间[(124±39)vs.(102±34)min;(97±33)vs.(83±24)min]较传统正中开胸组长,两组患者在手术时间差异无统计学意义。微创组在减少手术输血量、平均住ICU时间、平均住院时间[(8 vs.38)mL;(1.2±0.6)vs.(2.5±1.7)d;(11.1±4.3)vs.(19.7±7.8)d]上优于传统正中开胸组。结论:微创主动脉瓣置术换创伤小、术中输血少、术后恢复快,是治疗主动脉瓣疾病安全选择。     

肾功能评分在心脏瓣膜术后急性肾损伤的应用

目的:研究旨在探讨肾脏衰竭危险、肾脏损伤、肾功能衰竭、肾功能丧失及终末期肾病(RIFLE)分级,对我院成年心脏瓣膜手术后患者临床转归的应用价值。方法:收集2006年10月至2007年3月首次行心脏瓣膜手术的成年患者资料。记录患者性别、年龄、手术类型、尿量、血生化指标和临床转归等。按照RIFLE分级在术后对患者进行评分并记录最高分值。结果:465例患者,男性182例(39.1%),女性283例(60.9%),平均年龄(50.0±11.9)岁。住院病死率2.4%。根据RIFLE分级,最终发生不同程度急性肾功能损伤(AKI)的患者共占32.0%;R级、I级和F级4组患者的住院病死率分别为:1.4%、7.7%和16.3%,以F级患者的病死率为最高(P<0.01)。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积分析RIFLE和死亡之间有很好的相关性。结论:AKI是心脏瓣膜手术后的常见并发症之一,明显增加术后病死率。RIFLE分级对此类患者的预后及住院病死率有较好预测能力。     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.