Cognitive decline correlates with neuropathological stage in Parkinson's disease

Recently, the relationship between cognitive status and the neuropathological stages of a newly proposed staging procedure for Parkinson's disease (PD) was assessed in a cohort of 88 individuals. None of the patients had received the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. The topographic distribution pattern of the cerebral Lewy body pathology was evaluated semiquantitatively in alpha-synuclein immunoreactions. MMSE scores from the last neurological examination prior to death were used to determine cognitive status and the degree of cognitive decline. Four subgroups of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores ranging from nonsignificantly impaired to severely impaired cognition were analyzed statistically with nonparametric tests. Each of the 88 cases could be assigned to one of the PD stages 3-6, and MMSE scores correlated significantly with the aforementioned stages. Since the median MMSE scores decreased from stages 3-6, it is probable that the risk of developing dementia in PD becomes greater as the disease process in the brain progresses.     

负性共刺激分子B7-H4赋予肾癌细胞对化疗药物的耐药性研究

通过RT-PCR方法克隆出人野生型负性共刺激分子B7-H4基因,将目的片段双酶切(EcoR Ⅰ和BamH Ⅰ)后,与pIRES2-EGFP真核表达载体连接,构建重组真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-B7-H4-WT并进行鉴定;然后用定点突变法构建B7-H4核定位序列突变体基因,再构建重组真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-B7-H4-NLS-MT;脂质体转染法将重组载体导入786-O细胞,CCK8法研究转基因细胞株的增殖率及对化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶、阿霉素和顺铂的耐药性。结果显示:B7-H4野生型转基因细胞株相较于空白质粒组,可有效促进786-O细胞增殖,并赋予786-O细胞对3种化疗药物的耐药性。与空白质粒组相比,对5-氟尿嘧啶的耐药倍数为2.06,对阿霉素的耐药倍数为1.81,对顺铂的耐药倍数为1.72。机制研究显示B7-H4野生型可赋予肿瘤细胞抗凋亡作用,1.25 μg/mL 5-氟尿嘧啶引起B7-H4 WT/786-O的细胞的凋亡率是20.2%,而Mock/786-O和B7-H4 NLS/MT/786-O细胞的凋亡率分别是41.1%和35.1%。说明B7-H4可能通过调控细胞凋亡赋予肿瘤细胞多药耐药性。当B7-H4核定位序列被突变后,这些功能都消失,说明B7-H4促肿瘤细胞增殖、赋予其多药耐药性的功能与其核定位序列密切相关。     

派特灵联合微波治疗女性尖锐湿疣42例临床观察

目的：观察派特灵联合微波治疗尖锐湿疣效果。方法：将尖锐湿疣患者84例,随机分为观察组42例以派特灵联合微波治疗尖锐湿疣,对照组42例单纯采用微波进行治疗,观察两组患者治疗效果及复发情况。结果：观察组42例经派特灵联合微波治疗后,40例痊愈,2例未愈,治愈率95.2%,痊愈后复发2例（5.0%）。对照组42例,30例痊愈,12例未愈,治愈率为71.4%,治愈后复发12例（40.0%）。两组治愈率与总复发率比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：派特灵联合微波治疗女性尖锐湿疣能减少复发,副作用小,安全性高,值得推广。     

Functional neuroanatomy of the human premotor oculomotor brainstem nuclei: insights from postmortem and advanced in vivo imaging studies

Considerable progress has been made recently in the field of the functional neuroanatomy of the primate oculomotor system, which has also improved our understanding of the structure, organization and function of the human oculomotor system. In the present review we provide for the first time an overview of the neuroanatomical basis of eye movement control in humans as revealed by a series of post-mortem studies in which the human premotor oculomotor brainstem nuclei were identified using unconventional 100 μm thick serial tissue sections stained for Nissl substance and lipofuscin pigment (Nissl-pigment stain according to Braak). Data from control brains and from patients suffering from spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, a neurodegenerative disease that severely impairs oculomotor function are discussed and recommendations for the identification of human premotor oculomotor brainstem nuclei in post-mortem studies are given. To visualize premotor brainstem nuclei in living patients, modern brain imaging techniques have been employed, albeit with limited success. Establishing topographic markers of brainstem nuclei may be a necessary next step to further elucidate the functional neuroanatomy of the premotor oculomotor brainstem network in human patients. This will help radiologists to identify these nuclei in living patients and will enable clinicians to monitor the progression of neurological disorders affecting the oculomotor system.     

Direct testing of bronchoalveolar lavages from ventilator-associated pneumonia patients

In line with a rapid de-escalation of empirical antimicrobial therapy, this study assessed the validity of an E-test-based direct specimen testing method on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients. E-test strips were directly applied onto Mueller-Hinton agar plates seeded with BAL samples and read after 24 h of incubation. In parallel, the BAL samples were analyzed by the routine diagnostic laboratory. The microbroth dilution approach was used as a control method. In a cohort of 20 patients, 135 microorganism-antibiotic combinations were studied. Total agreement between the 2 methods was achieved for 88.9% combinations, with 1.5% very major errors (isolates susceptible by E-test and reported resistant by the diagnostic laboratory) and 9.6% major errors (isolates resistant by E-test and reported susceptible by the diagnostic laboratory). These results indicate that applying E-test directly on BAL samples is a promising method for obtaining susceptibility data after 24 h in critical patients with VAP.     

睡前一碗小米粥安睡到天亮

很多人都觉得睡前吃东西会长胖,特别是对于女孩子来说更是不敢吃。其实这是要看食物的,因为不一定每样的食物都是如此的。有的食物睡前吃不仅有促进睡眠的质量,还具有保健的作用。下面我们就来了解一下女人睡前适合吃的3种食物。     

基于局域网的医院原生医学资源库构建与实现

为使院医院信息化顺应世界数字图书馆建设发展的要求,满足医务人员的多元化需求,基于局域网开发了医院图书馆医学原生资源数据库,并应用于医学原生资源的管理.旨在为医务人员提供系统的数字化医学原生文献查询检索,为用户提供方便的获取原生资源的渠道,从而促进医学学术的交流活动.