甲型H1N1流行性感冒不是新型流行性感冒

一、甲型H1N1流行性感冒(简称流感)是一个新型的疾病吗 复旦大学公共卫生学院流感课题组在对甲型H1N1流感病毒株HA片段的进化速率和进化分歧时间的研究结果显示,美国分离的人源性和猪源性H1序列的进化速率相似,快于中国大陆、慢于欧洲;起源时间也相似,均短于中国大陆和欧洲.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

冠心病与消化性溃疡病易患者的个性研究

我们曾对冠心病与消化性溃疡病易患者的体质特点进行研究[1]。本文就其个性特点的研究结果报道如下。个性是指个体心理、行为方面表现出来的相对稳定的特征。中医学在研究体质与疾病关系时，往往结合个性（有的医家称为气质）共同进行研究。现代心身医学则多立足心理学角度，探     

术前术中静脉化疗对小肠吻合口愈合影响的实验研究

选用３０只家兔，分成２组，实验组术前１天和术中静脉化疗，分别于术后第３天、第７天、第１４天处死，研究对小肠吻合口愈合的影响。结果表明，术后第３天实验组与对照组相比无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），术后第７天、第１４天实验组动物小肠吻合口虽无渗漏，但显微镜下的组织学观察及羟脯氨酸含量测定，与对照组相比均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示术前术中静脉化疗对小肠吻合口的愈合有一定影响。     

茯苓对实验性肝硬变的治疗作用

采用四氯化碳、高脂低蛋白膳食、饮酒等复合病因刺激复制肝硬变动物模型,在肝硬变形成后,经茯苓醇治疗三周,结果表明对照组动物仍有肝硬变,而给药组动物肝硬变明显减轻,肝内胶原蛋白含量低于对照组,而尿羟脯氨酸排出量高于对照组,表明药物可促进实验性肝硬变动物肝脏胶原蛋白降解,使肝内纤维组织重吸收。     

用广义估计方程估计数量性状的家庭相关

目的 研究数量性状家庭相关的测量方法，并对身高家系资料进行分析。方法 应用广义估计方程2(GEE2)估计数量性状的均数结构和关联结构的边际回归模型。所有估计都可在软件MAREG中实现。并用身高家系实例说明方法的应用。结果 GEE2可同时考虑协变量对性状的影响和性状的内部相关，得到回归系数和相关系数的稳健估计。对身高家系资料分析，调整性别、18岁前主要居住地和出生年代后，亲子相关(r=0．459)和同胞相关(r=0．671)高于配偶相关(r=0．184)，有统计学意义。同一类型亲属对中，同性别相关(如父子r=0．603，母女r=0．456，兄弟r=0．947，姐妹r=0．681)大于异性别相关(如父女r=0．431，母子r=0．364，兄妹或姐弟r=0．530)。结论 GEE2可灵活的估计各种家庭相关系数和协变量对性状均数的影响，且参数估计稳健，因此可作为评价数量性状家庭聚集性的标准方法之一。     

HLA-DQA反相杂交法分型与多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性配型的比较

为了验证多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性方法在骨髓移植配型中的可靠性和准确性，采用掺入生物素的多聚酶链反应对ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ位点基因进行了特异性扩增。将所选区分ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ位点等位基因的特异性探针点于尼龙膜上，用标记的扩增产物与膜上探针杂交，并用碱性磷酸酶显色法检测杂交信号，确定待测标本的基因型。对２０对异基因骨髓移植的供、受者进行ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ位点的基因分型，并与多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性配型作比较。结果表明，２０对供、受者的多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性配型结果与该反相杂交法基因分型结果一致。多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性方法是一种骨髓移植的供、受者配型，快速可靠的方法     

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY OBSERVATION ON THE EFFECT OF GLYCYRRHIZIN IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS

Twenty cases each of acute and chronicviral hepatitis were treated with potassium gly-cyrrhizinate,and another 20 such cases weretreated with inosine and Poly I:C as controlgroup.Results showed that improvement of liverfunction,decrease of SGPT levels and negativeconversion of HBsAg and HBeAg were moremarked in the glycyrrhizin group than in thecontrol.Short-term follow-up of the 20 acutecases in the glycyrrhizin group showed clinicalcure in 17 and marked improvement in 3,whilethe 20 cases in the control group showed clinicalcure in 7,marked improvement in one,improve-ment in 7 and no effect in 5.Of the chroniccases,short-term follow-up of the 20 cases in theglycyrrhizin group showed clinical cure in 15,marked improvement in 2,improvement in oneand no effect in 2,while the 20 cases in the con-trol group showed clinical cure in 2,improve-ment in 5 and no effect in 13.Animal experi-ments revealed that glycyrrhizinic acid lessen-ed the liver damage induced by carbon tetra-chloride in rats,reduced the serum levels ofSGPT and triglyceride content in liver homo-genate,and promoted the detection of serumaFP.In experimental fatty liver and livercirrhosis,glycyrrhizinic acid markedly lessenedthe fatty changes and fibrohyperplasia.How-ever,resorption of fibrous tissue was not pro-moted in the rats with liver cirrhosis.     

直接从外周血或骨髓进行定量RT－PCR

直接从外周血或骨髓进行定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ北京医科大学人民医院中心实验室颜世庆，白桃，王申五ＰＣＲ方法是基因表达定量和定性检测的简便方法，外周血和骨髓是临床检测和遗传研究中常用标本。通常是利用白细胞分离液从全血中制备白细胞，然后提取白细胞总ＲＮＡ，检测基...