土壤水分含量对丹参幼苗生长及有效成分的影响

目的:研究不同土壤水分含量对丹参幼苗生长和有效成分积累的影响,为丹参规范化栽培中水分管理提供理论依据.方法:采用盆栽土壤水分胁迫试验方法,对不同土壤水分含量条件下丹参植株生长发育、生物量以及有效成分丹参酮、丹酚酸B和矿质元素积累进行研究.结果:土壤严重干旱和水分过多将严重影响丹参植株生长发育,并也影响其药材产量和品质(外观和内在)的形成.轻度干旱则可显著提高丹参地上及地下的生物量,促进根部二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA4种丹参酮组分以及丹酚酸B的合成与积累,并也增强植株对磷、钾、钙、镁、锰、锌、铜和铁等矿质元素的吸收与积累.结论:丹参苗期田间土壤水分以55%～60%为宜,生产上建议丹参种植实行起垄栽培并做好田间排灌,以保持适当土壤水分含量,提高药材产量和品质.     

滇龙胆种子萌发特性研究

目的:研究不同温度、不同光照、不同贮藏方式和贮藏时间以及不同赤霉素浓度处理对滇龙胆种子萌发的影响.方法:观测滇龙胆种子在不同处理条件下的发芽率.结果和结论:25℃为种子最适宜萌发温度,发芽率可达76.33%.光照对种子萌发影响显著,黑暗条件下种子发芽率极低.在自然条件下,干藏为种子最佳贮藏方式,可促进种子后熟作用,保持种子活力,但不能超过6个月.100～1000mg·L-1赤霉素处理可明显缩短滇龙胆种子萌发时间,其中500mg·L-1赤霉素处理可使种子发芽率提高至95.00%.     

Effect of moxibustion on CRF and CRFR1 expressions in hypothalamus of TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats

Objective

To observe the effect of moxibustion on the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) in hypothalamus of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis rats, and to explore the central mechanisms of moxibustion in improving visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in experimental colitis rats.

Methods

Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), a herb-partitioned moxibustion group (HPMG) and a sham herb-partitioned moxibustion group (SHPMG). Except the NG, rats in the remaining three groups all received TNBS enema to establish experimental colitis models. The HPMG received herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Qihai (CV 6) for intervention; for the SHPMG, the herbal cakes and moxa cones were only placed on the acupoints but not ignited; rats in the MG and NG were only fixed in the same way as those in the HPMG but did not receive any treatment. At the end of the intervention, the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score, the open field test (OFT) score and the elevated plus maze (EPM) score were observed to measure the changes in visceral pain and pain-related emotions of the rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins in hypothalamus; the fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 mRNAs in hypothalamus.

Results

Compared with the NG, the AWR score increased significantly and the OFT and EPM scores dropped significantly in the MG (all P<0.05), and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs increased significantly (all P<0.01). Compared with the MG and SHPMG, the AWR score dropped significantly and the OFT and EPM scores increased significantly in the HPMG (all P<0.01), and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs decreased significantly (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the MG and the SHPMG (all P>0.05).

Conclusion

HPM can down-regulate the abnormally increased expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs in hypothalamus of the TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats, which is plausibly one of its action mechanisms in mitigating visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in the experimental colitis rats.

     

艾灸对克罗恩病大鼠结肠c-Jun 氨基末端激酶信号通路的影响

目的：通过观察艾灸对克罗恩病（Crohn??s Disease,CD）大鼠结肠c-Jun氨基末端激酶（c-Jun Nterminalkinase,JNK）、核转录因子c-Jun、单核细胞趋化因子1（Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,MCP-1）、环氧合酶2（Cyclooxygenase 2,COX2）的调节作用,基于JNK信号通路探讨艾灸治疗CD的抗炎免疫机制。方法：清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、艾灸组和假灸组。采用三硝基苯磺酸（2,4,6 Trinitro-benzene-sulfonicacid,TNBS）合乙醇溶液灌肠制备CD模型。采用苏木素-伊红染色观察各组大鼠结肠组织形态学变化,并进行病理损伤评分;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测结肠组织MCP-1、COX2、JNK、c-Jun的含量;应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测大鼠结肠JNK、c-Jun的mRNA表达。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠结肠损伤严重,结肠损伤评分升高（P < 0.01）,主要表现为局灶性炎症,累及黏膜下层,裂隙状溃疡,部分可见肉芽肿形成;大鼠结肠炎性蛋白MCP-1、COX2 含量增加,JNK 蛋白含量和mRNA 表达均增加（均P < 0.05）,c-Jun 无明显变化（均P >0.05）。与模型组、假灸组比较,艾灸组大鼠结肠损伤评分降低（P < 0.01,P < 0.05）,结肠形态结构改善,炎症反应减轻,结肠MCP-1、COX2含量降低,JNK蛋白含量和mRNA表达均降低（均P < 0.05）,c-Jun无明显变化（均P > 0.05）。与模型组比较,假灸组大鼠各项指标均无显著变化（均P > 0.05）。结论：艾灸能下调CD大鼠结肠JNK蛋白和mRNA表达,降低结肠MCP-1、COX2含量,该作用可能是其减轻CD肠道炎症,促进结肠组织损伤修复的重要机制之一。     

滇龙胆化学成分和药理作用研究进展

滇龙胆Gentiana rigescens为传统中草药,主产于中国云南、四川等地,具有悠久的药用历史,作为民间重要药物使用并记载。滇龙胆为龙胆科Gentianaceae多年生草本植物,主要化学成分为环烯醚萜苷类、三萜类、木脂素类、黄酮类、生物碱类、苯甲酸酯类和其他类化学成分,其主要药理作用包括保肝、利胆、镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、促神经活化等。该文对滇龙胆中化学成分及其药理活性进行归纳总结,为滇龙胆的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

红外光谱法快速预测不同种类重楼中重楼皂苷含量

重楼皂苷是中药重楼主要的有效成分,为了快速评价重楼品质,保证重楼在临床治疗中的疗效,本文采用红外光谱结合偏最小二乘回归法(partial least squares regression,PLSR)对重楼中重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ和重楼皂苷Ⅶ进行定量分析,建立快速评价重楼品质的方法。采集78份不同产区、不同种类重楼样品的红外光谱,用高效液相色谱测定重楼样品中重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ及重楼皂苷Ⅶ的含量,将重楼的红外光谱数据和液相数据进行拟合,快速预测3种重楼皂苷含量。原始红外光谱经多元散射校正(multiplicative signal correction,MSC)、标准正态变量(standard normal variate,SNV)、正交信号校正(orthogonal signal correction,OSC)、一阶求导(first derivative,1st Der)、二阶求导(second derivative,2nd Der)预处理后,运用偏最小二乘回归分析建立重楼皂苷的定量预测模型。重楼皂苷Ⅰ和重楼皂苷Ⅱ的最佳预处理方法为MSC+OSC+2nd Der,重楼皂苷Ⅶ的最佳预处理方法为MSC+SNV+OSC+2nd Der;重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ和重楼皂苷Ⅶ3个指标成分定量校正模型的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.930 8,0.934 8,0.912 3 mg·g~(-1);校正均方根误差(root mean square error of estimation,RMSEE)分别为1.855 0,0.632 3,0.001 6 mg·g~(-1);验证模型的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.948 8,0.963 6,0.780 1 mg·g~(-1);预测均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)分别为1.704 6,1.227 7,0.001 9 mg·g~(-1);定量模型的预测值与真实值比较接近,模型预测效果好,其中重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ定量模型效果优于重楼皂苷Ⅶ。该方法无损、快速、准确,可用于重楼中重楼皂苷含量的快速测定。     

立止血的药理作用及临床评价

立止血中蝮蛇的毒液中含有特殊止血功效的类凝血酶,我院自1996年应用以来,一直被临床医生公认为较理想的止血药,下面就立止血的药理作用及临床应用做一下综述.     

单心室心室分割手术后并发完全性房室传导阻滞1例

患者女性,5岁。因阵发性呼吸困难伴面部、四肢青紫5年入院。患者自幼稍一活动后即出现气急及面部、四肢青紫,每于行走、游戏时,常主动下蹲片刻而来我院就诊。体检:T36.5℃,P118次/min,R24次/min,BP110/80mmHg。体型瘦小,杵状指(趾)。心律齐,胸骨左缘2～4肋间闻及Ⅲ级喷射性收缩期杂音。双肺呼吸音粗。心电图(图1A)示:右心房扩大,右心室肥厚。超声心动图示肺动脉狭窄,单心室。临床诊断:先天性心脏病,单心室。经心室分割手术治疗后,临床症状消失。出院后两次复查心电图(图1B)示完全性房室传导阻滞。图1A:右心房、右心室扩大B:窦性心律、完…     

化瘀双补法治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足性眩晕的临床研究

目的:观察抗栓胶囊治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足(VBI)性眩晕的临床疗效。方法:将符合纳入标准的60例患者随机单盲分为两组。治疗组30例,口服抗栓胶囊;对照组30例,口服脉栓通胶囊,疗程均为21天。分别比较两组患者治疗前后中医症候、体征积分变化,并检测血脂,血液流变学指标及头颅多普勒超声的变化。结果:临床疗效:抗栓胶囊治疗VBI性眩晕总有效率为96.7%,明显优于对照组的76.7%(P0.05)。①中医症候:两组中医症状、体征均改善,但治疗组的改善明显优于对照组(P0.05)。②血液流变学:治疗组对血液流变学各指标的降低明显优于对照组(P0.05)。③血脂:治疗组对TC、TG的降低,对HDL-C的升高均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。④经颅多普勒超声:治疗组对平均血流速度的提高明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:抗栓胶囊治疗VBI性眩晕服用方便、安全,疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

环枢关节错缝的X线表现

通过对正常组和病例组环枢关节Ｘ线片的观察和分析，认为两侧齿突侧块间距的差值和齿突环椎轴线的偏离值大于１ｍｍ，旋转开口位显示环枢运动异常，并伴有颈椎病的症状和体征者，可考虑为环枢关节错缝。