经皮椎间孔内窥镜下靶向穿刺椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨经皮椎间孔内窥镜下靶向穿刺椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及有效性。方法:选择2009年10月~2012年3月收治的237例单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者,男144例,女93例;平均年龄44.8岁,均存在明显腰腿痛,并经CT及MRI检查证实为单节段腰椎间盘突出。在局麻及影像学监视下行靶向穿刺,逐级扩张软组织,切除部分上关节突腹侧缘,安放工作通道,经皮椎间孔内窥镜下完成髓核摘除术。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、MacNab评分等评定疗效。结果:平均手术时间53min,平均出血量20ml,无1例手术并发症发生,术后3h即可在硬腰围保护下下床活动。212例随访12～24个月,平均15.5个月,术前VAS评分为7.8±3.6分,术后12个月为1.8±1.1分,手术前后有显著性差异(P0.01);术前ODI为(53.2±13.5)%,术后12个月为(17.3±6.4)%,手术前后有显著性差异(P0.01);术后12个月MacNab评分优167例,良36例,中9例,优良率为95.8%。5例患者术后7~20个月复发,复发率为2.4%,均行后路内窥镜下椎间盘切除翻修术后恢复。结论:经皮椎间孔内窥镜下靶向穿刺椎间盘切除术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全、有效的微创手段。     

神经根型颈椎病行前路颈椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术后癔症性瘫痪1例报告

癔症性瘫痪主要为患者受到创伤或者刺激时,由于心理因素所致的瘫痪.区别癔症性瘫痪与器质性病因所致瘫痪在临床中非常重要.特别是在患者有创伤或手术而引起的致瘫性风险存在时.对于神经根性颈椎病行颈椎前路椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定手术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)是一种经典有效的手术方式,而术后一项严重的并发症即为脊髓或神经根损伤所致瘫痪.但术后癔症性瘫痪者极为少见,我们遇到神经根性颈椎病行ACDF术后癔症性瘫痪患者1例,报道如下.     

极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的微创外科治疗

目的 探讨极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症微创手术方式的临床手术策略和适应证选择。方法 2000年1月至2006年10月，对52例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症患者采用微创外科手术治疗。男29例，女23例；年龄21-67岁，平均41．5岁。病史2个月～3．8年，平均9．5个月。椎间孔内型（Ⅰ型）32例，椎间孔外型（Ⅱ型）11例与混合型（Ⅲ型）9例。L2-3 1例，L3-4 5例，L4-5 37例，L5S1 9例。所有患者术前均行腰椎正、侧位X线检查和CT扫描，对部分患者还辅以脊髓和腰椎间盘造影、CTM和MR检查。分别采用YESS经侧后路椎间孔入路椎间盘摘除、椎间孔扩大成形术25例，METRx后路经横突间入路腰椎间盘摘除术13例，X—Tube后路经小关节突切除、椎间植骨融合内固定术14例。结果 52例患者经平均13．5个月随访，疗效按照疼痛视觉类比评分法（VAS）和Nakai分级评定。结果表明3种微创术式均能显著改善患肢放射性疼痛（P〈0．05）：术后优良率分别为：YESS手术84．0％，METRx手术84．6％和X—Tube手术92．9％：3组间优良率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。临床比较：YESS术的麻醉方式最简单、手术时间最短和创伤最小，特别适于单纯Ⅰ型极外侧型腰椎间盘突出；METRx术特别适于单纯Ⅱ型极外侧型腰椎间盘突出；而X—Tube术适于伴有腰椎退行性失稳的极外侧型腰椎间盘突出。结论 临床上应依据腰椎间盘突出的不同类型，选择不同微创外科术式。     

腺病毒介导的心肌营养素-1基因转染对神经干细胞作用的实验研究

目的:观察腺病毒介导的心肌营养素-1(Adv-CT-1)基因转染对大鼠神经干细胞(NSCs)的作用。方法:分离、培养胚胎大鼠NSCs,以Adv-CT-1基因转染NSCs,应用细胞集落与细胞突起计数、流式细胞仪凋亡检测等技术,检测NSCs的生长与凋亡情况。结果:Adv-CT-1基因转染培养大鼠NSCs可增加NSCs集落数量和诱导分化细胞突起的数量(P<0.05)。在H2O2诱导的NSCs凋亡模型中,转染Adv-CT-1基因的NSCs凋亡细胞数量较对照组减少(P<0.05),存活细胞数增加(P<0.01)。结论:CT-1基因转染可促进NSCs分裂增殖以及细胞突起的生长,减少超氧化损伤诱导的NSCs凋亡发生,促进损伤NSCs的存活。     

显微内镜颈椎前路手术和开放手术的比较研究

[目的]比较显微内镜颈椎前路手术和标准开放手术,探讨显微内镜颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定术的可行性和有效性,初步评价其临床价值。[方法]对46例单节段颈椎前路手术患者进行回顾性比较研究。23例接受显微内镜颈椎前路手术,平均年龄41.5岁(23~64岁)。在全麻下取右侧颈前外横切口(长1.6cm),依次使用扩张管,通过工作通道插入内镜,在镜下切除颈椎间盘,扩大椎间隙。颈椎骨折脱位者采用前路钢板固定5例,CBK颈椎Cage固定1例,螺纹状钛合金Cage固定1例。颈椎间盘突出症者采用前路钢板固定2例,CBK颈椎Cage固定12例,螺纹状钛合金Cage固定2例。同期23例经开放手术,平均年龄46.5岁(25~68岁)。开放手术采用右侧颈前横切口(长4~5cm),切除颈椎间盘和扩大椎间隙,分别使用前路钢板和Cage固定。[结果]显微内镜手术组平均随访16.5个月(10~22个月),平均手术时间110min,失血40ml。采用Frankel分级标准:2例全瘫患者术后无改善,2例由C级恢复为D级,1例由C级恢复到E级。颈椎间盘突出症患者采用Odom评定标准:优10例、良5例、可1例。开放手术组平均随访15.2个月(8~21个月),平均手术时间95min,失血90ml。采用Frankel分级标准:2例全瘫患者术后无改善,3例由C级恢复为D级,1例由D级恢复到E级。颈椎间盘突出症患者采用Odom评定标准:优8例、良6例、可2例。[结论]同标准开放手术比较,椎间盘镜手术设备和技术可以用于单节段颈椎前路减压植骨融合内固定手术,并取得相似的短期临床治疗效果。     

下颈椎小关节脱位治疗的争论述评

下颈椎小关节脱位是一种常见的由屈曲牵张及旋转暴力引起的脊柱创伤，通常带来毁灭性的后果，会给家庭和社会带来极大的负担。下颈椎小关节脱位的治疗方法众多，但目前对于最佳治疗策略仍存在争议。因此，本文就下颈椎小关节脱位治疗的关键内容进行述评，以期提高其临床治疗水平。     

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system: an analysis of 38 cases

Objective： To prospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system in the retrospective non-randomized case-control study. Methods： Atotal of 38 consecutive non-randomized patients with type A thoracolumbar fractures, which had been stabilized posteriorly from December 2006 to March 2009, were examined retrospectively more than 9 months after surgery. Twenty-one patients had been treated conventionally with open pedicle screw fixation （OPSF） and 17 patients received minimally invasive treatment with Sextant percutaneous pedicle screw fixation （SPPSF）. As a method of evaluation, the incision size, the intraoperation and post- operative volume of blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, blood transfusion, the radiological assessment of the sagittal Cobb＇s angle, vertebral body angle and vertebral body height were recorded and compared. Results： All patients were followed up for 8-24 months （average 11.6 months）. There were significant differences in the incision size, surgical blood loss, surgical draining Joss, operation time, hospital stay after operation, blood transfusion, the proportion of antalgic supplement and postoperative incisional VAS between the two groups （P〈0.05）. Mean preoperative kyphotic deformity was 16.0° and improved by 9.3° after surgery in OPSF group, but 15.2° and 10.3° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean preoperative angle of the fractured vertebral body was 15.9°and improved by 7.9° after surgery in OPSF group, but 14.9° and 6.6° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean anterior vertebral body height （% of normal） was 67.3% before surgery and 95.8% after surgery, but 69.1% and 90.1% respectively in SPPSF group. Mean posterior vertebral body height （% of normal） was 93.3% before surgery and 99.5% after surgery, but 88.9% and 93.3% respectively in SPPSF group. Among the patients whose 9-month follow-up films were available, 3.0° ofkyphosis correction was lost in OPSF group, but 3.2° in SPPSF group. And 1.0°of the angle of the fractured vertebral body correction was lost in OPSF group, but 1.5°in SPPSF group. Then 3.0% of the anterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.2% in SPPSF group. And 3.0% of the posterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.5% in SPPSF group. The sagittal Cobb＇s angle, vertebral body angle and anterior height of the fractured vertebra were all significantly different in each group before and after operation （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the postoperative sagittal Cobb＇s angle, vertebral body angle and the improvement of the vertebral body height and the kyphotic deformity correction between OPSF and SPPSF groups （P〉0.05）, but there was significant difference in the postoperative anterior height of the fractured vertebra between the two groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra using Sextant system is a good minimally-invasive surgical therapeutic choice for patients with type A thoracolumbar fracture except for that the SPPSF has a little insufficiency in resuming the anterior height of the fractured vertebra compared with OPSF.     

改良肩后入路手术治疗肩胛骨骨折

目的　介绍肩胛骨骨折手术的改良后入路,分析手术治疗肩胛骨骨折的临床发现和结果。方法　11例肩胛骨骨折接受改良后入路切开复位内固定手术,其中5例肩胛盂骨折,3例肩胛颈骨折,2例肩胛体骨折,1例肩胛颈、盂和体部复杂型骨折。术后随访5～6 8个月,平均2 3.9个月。按Constant和Murley提出的评分方法评价患肩功能。结果　7例优,2例良,2例可。7例无肩部疼痛,7例肩部外展和屈曲>130°,外展肌力4 ～5级;6例恢复伤前工作,2例主妇能够完成家务。本组病例无术后并发症。结论　改良肩后入路是一种治疗肩胛骨骨折的有效手术入路,切开复位内固定及其术后早期康复锻炼,能够成功防止肩胛骨骨折并发肩部疼痛、僵硬和功能障碍。     

下颈椎小关节突脱位前路稳定手术疗效分析

目的探讨下颈椎小关节脱位前路融合内固定的临床效果。方法39例新鲜下颈椎小关节脱位患者,首先在透视下行颅骨牵引复位,34例复位成功(87％)。其中32例完成了颈前路减压、植骨内固定,5例未成功者和3例陈旧性脱位,先行后路切开复位,再一期行前路减压、植骨内固定。结果全部患者均获骨性融合,无迟发性不稳和后凸畸形,术前神经功能正常者术后无一例出现神经损害症状,不全瘫患者术后均有不同程度恢复。结论前路减压融合是治疗下颈椎小关节脱位安全、有效的方法,可获良好的生物学稳定。     

前路后凸偏心撑开复位技术治疗下颈椎小关节脱位

目的:探讨前路后凸偏心撑开复位技术治疗下颈椎小关节脱位的临床疗效与安全性。方法 :收集2014年1月～2017年12月陆军军医大学第二附属医院骨科采用前路后凸偏心撑开复位技术治疗的下颈椎小关节脱位患者63例,其中男55例,女8例,年龄21～73岁(48.8±12.2岁)。脱位节段:C3/4 4例,C4/5 9例,C5/6 26例,C6/7 22例,C7/T1 2例;单侧脱位22例,双侧脱位41例。合并创伤性椎间盘突出18例,椎体骨折20例,关节突骨折14例。伤后ASIA分级:A级17例,B级3例,C级3例,D级23例,E级17例。从受伤至手术的间隔时间为3～64d(9.5±8.5d)。复位成功后,椎间置入装满自体骨的cage并用前路钢板椎体钉固定。术后随访9～24个月(15.7±5.1个月)。分析其复位成功率、手术时间、术中出血量及出院后随访神经功能恢复情况(ASIA分级)、融合率等指标。结果:63例患者均顺利完成手术。经后凸偏心撑开复位技术直接复位成功52例(82.5%),其中包括单侧小关节脱位22例,双侧脱位30例;合并椎体骨折15例,关节突骨折7例;受伤至手术的间隔时间在2周以内46例、2～4周6例;手术时间为76.2±21.9min,术中出血量为66.3±37.0ml。复位失败的11例患者辅以前路小关节突切除术,最终均成功复位。末次随访时,经后凸偏心撑开复位技术复位成功的52例患者中,20例(38.5%)的ASIA分级至少升高1级(3例术前A级患者末次随访时升至B级2例、C级1例,3例由术前C级升至D级,14例由术前D级升至E级),其余32例的ASIA分级保持不变(包括9例A级,2例B级,7例D级及14例E级);融合率为100%,无内固定松动、断裂。结论 :前路后凸偏心撑开复位技术复位下颈椎小关节脱位成功率高、手术操作简单、创伤小、安全有效。