成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

经皮椎间孔成形术治疗L5／S1神经根管狭窄症

目的:探讨经皮椎间孔成形术治疗L5/S1神经根管狭窄症的安全性和有效性.方法:2005年9月～2008年10月收治L5/S1神经根管狭窄痱患者21例,男13例,女8例,平均年龄63.9岁.均有腰腿痛,其中7例为单纯L5/S1神经根管狭窄.14例为L5/S1神经根管狭窄伴椎间盘突出.均采用系列骨铰刀行经皮椎间孔成形术,其中14例伴椎间盘突出者同时行椎间盘切除术.采用目测视觉类比评分法(VAS)、功能障碍指数(ODI)和Nakai分级评定疗效.结果:手术时间平均86min,术后卧床时间半均10.5h,手术后住院时间平均6.5d.无硬脊膜撕裂和永久性神经根损伤等并发症发生.随访4～29个月,平均9.5个月,其中随访时间≥6个月者15例,手术前腿痛VAS为7.9±3.2分,术后3个月3.7±2.1分.术后6个月2.5±1.2分,手术前后有显著性差异(P<0.01);手术ODI为52.5±26,术后3个月27.5±14,术后6个月21.6±8,手术前后有显著性差异(P<0.01);根据Nakai分级,末次随访时优良率为85.7%.结论:采用系列骨铰刀行经皮椎间孔成形术是治疗L5/S1神经根管狭窄症简单、安全和有效的微创手术.     

压力控制下椎间盘造影在诊断椎间盘源性疼痛中的应用

目的:评价压力控制下椎间盘造影诊断椎间盘源性疼痛的临床价值.方法:2007年3月-2008年5月,对69例慢性腰痛患者的156个MRI"黑椎间盘"进行压力控制下造影.男26例,女43例;年龄29-48岁,平均39.7岁;病程6-120个月,平均36.1个月.采用椎间盘后外侧人路穿刺,穿刺针针尖到达椎间盘中央后连接压力泵,注射造影剂并连续观察压力变化和患者疼痛反应,记录注射压力和诱发疼痛情况.结果:69例患者156个"黑椎问盘"均完成在压力控制下的造影,同时对73个MRI信号正常的椎间盘造影作为对照.在不设定注射压力限制值情况下,58例(84.06%)共131个(83.97%)"黑椎问盘"造影时出现与平时一致性疼痛,22个出现非一致性疼痛,3个未出现疼痛;4个正常椎间盘出现疼痛.当注射压力≤30psi时,46例(66.67%)共105个(67.31%)"黑椎间盘"有一致性疼痛,未出现非一致疼痛和正常椎间盘疼痛.结论:椎间盘造影是诊断慢性腰痛患者椎间盘源性疼痛的有效方法,但应在较低压下注射和判断阳性结果.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

显微内镜椎间盘髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

本文回顾性研究2001年10月～2002年6月198例接受MED手术腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床效果，进行临床评价，介绍手术经验和教训。     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

改良内窥镜下行后路腰椎间融合和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎退变性疾患

目的探讨改良内窥镜下后路腰椎管减压、椎间融合和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎退变性疾病的可行性和有效性.方法2006年2月～2007年3月应用自制直径2.6cm工作通道在METRx内窥镜下行后路腰椎管减压、椎间植骨加融合器置入、经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗12例患者,男7例,女5例,年龄38～72岁,平均51.2岁.腰椎管狭窄症5例,Ⅰ度腰椎滑脱症4例,腰椎间盘突出症术后复发3例.随访观察治疗效果.结果手术时间150～260 min,平均175min.术中失血量50～300 ml,平均150ml.术后住院时间7～16 d,平均12d.1例发生硬膜外血肿,行内窥镜下翻修手术.手术切口均一期愈合.随访3～15个月,平均6.3个月.ODI评分术前为46.32±10.14分,术后1个月及末次随访时分别为21.75±8.59分和11.06±5.27分,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).VAS评分术前为7.12±1.06分,术后1个月及末次随访时分别为3.45±1.28分和1.29±0.77分,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).末次随访时采用改良Macnab标准评价临床效果,本组优5例,良6例,可1例.结论改良内窥镜下后路腰椎管减压、椎间融合和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎退变性疾病可获得良好的近期临床效果,是一种安全有效的微创手术方法.     

老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的临床特点

目的:分析老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的临床特点,提高老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的预防及救治水平。方法:2002年1月～2011年12月我院收治老年人外伤性脊柱骨折患者271例,其中男129例,女142例,年龄60～89岁,平均68.8岁,分析其年龄与性别分布情况、骨折原因、骨折节段、创伤严重度评分(injury severity scores,ISS)、脊髓损伤程度ASIA分级、多发性脊柱骨折及合并伤发生率。结果 :年龄分布主要集中在60～69岁,占60.1%(163/271)。摔伤是主要致伤原因,占44.6%(121/271)。男性高处坠落伤及重物砸伤比例较女性患者高,女性患者摔伤比例较男性高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。426个损伤节段中胸椎及腰椎占80.8%(344/426),其中胸腰段(T11～L2)占53.3%(227/426)。男性患者较女性患者有较高的颈椎骨折比例、脊髓损伤发生率、合并症发生率和创伤严重度评分(ISS),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女性患者较男性患者有较高的胸椎及胸腰段椎体骨折比例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性患者多发性脊柱骨折最常见原因为高处坠落伤,女性患者为摔伤。脊髓损伤按ASIA分级,A级、B级、C级、D级分别占7.0%(19/271)、1.8%(5/271)、4.8%(13/271)和18.1%(49/271)。男性患者脊髓损伤分级A级占13.2%(17/129),女性患者为0.8%(2/237),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的致伤原因、多发性脊柱骨折原因、骨折节段、脊髓损伤分级等方面存在明显的性别差异,应根据其性别差异特点对老年人外伤性脊柱骨折进行防治。     

微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术翻修治疗腰椎退变性疾病

目的回顾性分析微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MiTLIF）翻修治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床结果和并发症。方法 2006年3月～2010年11月,对103例已行单纯椎间盘髓核摘除和神经减压复发者,采用MiTLIF翻修治疗并获得随访。男45例,女58例,平均53.4岁。采用MiTLIF和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定,其中单节段97例,双节段6例。收集分析手术时间、术中术后出血量、放射线暴露时间和并发症。采用视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）评估临床结果,末次随访时行腰椎动力位X线片和薄层CT扫描重建检查评价椎间融合情况。结果所有患者随访12～49个月,平均26.1个月。术中出血量为（358±67）mL,术后出血量为（52±20）mL,放射线暴露时间为（42±13）s。术前及末次随访腰痛VAS评分分别为6.3±2.5和0.7±0.3,术前及末次随访腿痛VAS评分分别为7.5±2.4和0.6±0.2,末次随访腰腿痛VAS评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（t=2.43及t=2.57,P〈0.05）。术前及末次随访ODI分别为41.5±5.3和13.1±2.8,差异有统计学意义（t=4.39,P〈0.01）。末次随访椎间融合率为95.2%（98/103）。发生神经根损伤4例,切口表浅感染4例,一过性下肢麻木12例,硬膜撕裂5例。结论针对初次单纯椎间盘髓核摘除和神经减压复发者,MiTLIF是一种安全有效的技术。