胸腰椎骨折伤椎单侧置钉与术后脊柱侧方成角的关系分析

[目的]探讨伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的手术效果及其与术后脊柱侧方成角的关系.[方法]临床应用附加伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折15例,随访时间平均为12.5个月.随访观察伤椎单侧置钉对改善胸腰椎骨折脊柱畸形的手术效果及伤椎单侧置钉与术后脊柱侧方成角的关系.[结果]伤椎单侧置钉5钉固定术术后矢状位后凸Cobb角、椎体前缘高度与术前相比差异有明显统计学意义(P＜0.05),末次随访时矢状位后凸Cobb角与术后即刻相比差异有明显统计学意义(P＜0.05),余指标末次随访与术后即刻相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定术术后即刻脊柱侧方成角与末次随访的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定技术可以明显改善胸腰椎骨折的后凸畸形,不会引起术后脊柱侧方成角的加重.     

Cbfal基因转移对原代培养的兔皮肤成纤维细胞的影响

目的 探讨核心结合因子al（core binding factor al，Cbfal）基因转移对原代培养免皮肤成纤维细胞的影响作用。方法 胰酶消化法培养兔皮肤成纤维细胞，兔采用脂质体转染技术转染原代培养的兔皮肤成纤维细胞，RT—PCR检测成骨标志基因Ⅰ型胶原（Ⅰ collagen）、骨钙素（osteoclcin，OCN）、骨唾液蛋白（bone sialoprotein，Bsp）、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）、Cbfal的表达。结果 兔皮肤成纤维细胞在Cbfal基因转染后出现OCN、Bsp、ALP的表达，Ⅰ Collagen表达增强。结论Cbfal基因转移兔皮肤成纤维细胞可改变原代培养的兔皮肤成纤维细胞的表型，向成骨表型转化。     

人心肌营养素在大肠杆菌中的表达纯化和活性鉴定

目的利用大肠杆菌高效表达可溶性具有生物学活性的重组huCT-1蛋白。方法采用PCR及T-A克隆将huCT-1开放阅读框基因克隆到pMD-18T载体上，再构建原核表达载体pGEX2T-huCT1。在不同温度不同时问，通过IPTG诱导pGEX2T—huCT1在DH5a大肠杆菌中表达，SDS-PAGE分析表达量和可溶性蛋白比例。GST亲和柱纯化huCT-1融合蛋白，凝血酶酶切融合蛋白并纯化。坐骨神经切断模型观察重组huCT-1对脊髓前角神经元的存活作用，结果构建了huCT-1的融合表达载体pGEX2T-huCT1。通过IPTG诱导，发现29℃诱导4h，目的蛋白表达量占全菌的1／5，可溶性蛋白与包涵体比为2／5。对其进行亲和柱纯化，GST/huCT-1融合蛋白纯度达到85％以上。融合蛋白酶切后，重组huCT-1蛋白纯度达到80％以上。发现原核表达重组huCT-1蛋白能挽救55％成年大鼠脊髓运动神经元的存活。结论成功地获取了具有生物活性的huCT-1的原核重组蛋白。     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

内窥镜下单侧神经减压椎间融合椎弓根螺钉固定的临床应用

[目的]探讨内窥镜下单侧神经减压、椎间融合和椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎退变性疾病目的可行性和有效性.[方法]自2004年6月至2007年3月,20例患者进行微创腰椎经椎间孔椎间融合(TLIF)或经后侧椎间融合(PLIF)手术.其中,男11例,女9例;年龄31～70岁,平均46.2岁.术前诊断包括:腰椎间盘突出症术后复发8例,极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症4例,腰椎管狭窄症3例,腰椎不稳3例,椎间盘源性腰痛2例所有患者行内窥镜下单节段减压椎间融合和单侧椎弓根螺钉固定,其中L4、512例,L5S1 8例.旁中央经肌肉间入路,工作通道置于单侧关节突上.TLIF手术切除关节突,显露和切除椎间盘.PLIF手术按显微内镜椎间盘切除术(MED)操作.在METRx或X-tube系统下完成椎间隙处理、自体骨和椎间融合器植入,单侧椎弓根螺钉固定.[结果]无转为开放手术病例.手术时间100～165 rain,平均115 min.术中出血50180 ml,平均130 ml.术后住院时间7～15 d,平均11 d.患者术前腰痛和(或)下肢疼痛症状术后均有缓解.2例术后出现新[目的]神经根症状,1例为植骨移位压迫神经根,另1例为血肿形成.随访10～39个月,平均21.6个月.术前、术后1个月和末次随访时ODI评分分别是42.05±8.36,21.33±6.37和12.31±3.75(P＜0.01),VAS评分分别是7.12±1.42,2.66±0.79和1.13±0.52(P＜0.01).采用改良Macnab标准评临床结果,优7例,良10例,可3例.末次随访时,放射学检查显示19例获得融合.[结论]内窥镜下单侧神经减压椎间融合和椎弓根螺钉固定是可行[目的]微创脊柱外科技术,治疗腰椎退变性疾病获得满意目的临床效果.     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

经皮前路螺钉固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折

 目的 回顾性分析经皮和开放前路螺钉固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折, 比较两种方法的临床和影像学结果。方法 2003年 3月至 2010年 5月, 115例齿状突骨折患者接受前路螺钉固定治疗并获得随访。年龄 16~71岁, 平均 43.5岁。经皮固定组 47例: 域型骨折 42例, 浅芋型骨折 5例;采用经皮工作通道下前路螺钉固定。开放固定组 68例: 域型骨折 61例, 浅芋型 7例;采用传统开放手术方法治疗。分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术者放射线暴露时间、骨折愈合和并发症等方面的差异。结果 115例患者均获得随访, 随访时间 12~70个月, 平均 37.6个月。术前两组性别、年龄、骨折类型、受伤至手术时间、伴发脊柱损伤情况差异无统计学意义。平均手术时间: 经皮固定组(40.3±9.5) min, 开放固定组(62.9±15.3) min, 经皮固定组显著短于开放组(P约 0.05)。术中平均出血量: 经皮固定组(5.6±4.1) ml, 开放固定组(47.1±28.6) ml, 经皮固定组显著少于开放组(P约 0.01)。两组在术者放射线暴露时间、骨折愈合情况和并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义。结论经皮前路螺钉固定是一种安全有效的治疗域型或浅芋型齿状突骨折的方法, 与开放固定法比较创伤相对小。     

颈段脊髓前动脉64层CT血管成像

目的 探寻64层CTA行颈段脊髓前动脉(ASA)成像的可靠检查方案。 方法 回顾性分析接受常规头颈部CTA检查(小剂量峰值测量确定扫描时间,对比剂剂量1.5 ml/kg体质量,注射速率5 ml/s)的45例患者的ASA显影情况,将其分为两组:A₁组:ASA显影良好;A₂组:ASA显影较差或未见显影。测量小剂量对比剂预试验中C6椎体平面椎动脉的CT值峰值,并进行比较。对20例临床要求了解ASA情况的患者行颈段ASA CTA,对比剂剂量2.0 ml/kg体质量,注射速率5 ml/s,根据基底动脉水平小剂量对比剂预试验到峰值后加4~6 s延迟扫描,分析ASA的显影情况。对ASA及前根动脉的显示情况进行目测评分。 结果 45例常规头颈部CTA中,26例ASA显影良好(A₁组),19例显影较差(A₂组),ASA显示率为57.78%(26/45)。A₁、A₂两组椎动脉的CT值峰值分别为(234.52±10.16)HU和(212.65±12.38)HU(P<0.05)。20例ASA CTA中,17例(17/20,85.00%)ASA显示满意;ASA CTA能清楚显示ASA及前根动脉的受压及损伤情况,对ASA及前根动脉的显示明显优于常规CTA检查(P<0.05)。 结论 椎动脉血流动力学对颈段ASA的显示影响显著;颈段ASA CTA应适当增大对比剂剂量并延迟扫描。     

人工颈椎间盘置换对邻近节段椎间盘的保护作用

[目的]探讨Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎病和颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及对邻近节段椎间盘的保护作用。[方法]回顾分析2004年以来本科收治的254例颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症患者。117例施行了Bryan人工椎间盘置换术,其中男性55例,女性62例;年龄33~65岁,平均46.6岁,89例行单节段人工椎间盘置换术,6例行双节段人工椎间盘置换术,22例行1节段人工椎间盘置换术和1节段椎间盘切除植骨融合术。137例行颈椎前路减压融合术,其中男性74例,女性63例;年龄29~81岁,平均47.8岁。术后评定患者神经功能恢复情况,测量邻近节段活动度的大小,并进行邻近节段颈椎间盘退变情况的X线评估。[结果]两组患者术后随访时间为6~60个月,平均26.4个月。两组患者术后神经功能均有明显改善,JOA评分平均较术前提高5.6分,平均改善率为62.9%,有效率为100%,两组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。测量邻近节段椎间隙活动度的结果显示融合组较非融合组变化明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。椎间盘退变的X线评估结果显示,融合组邻近节段颈椎间盘退变的发生率和严重程度明显高于非融合组,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎病和颈椎间盘突出症具有良好的疗效,较传统前路减压融合术,可以较好发挥其对邻近节段椎间盘的保护作用。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者腰椎小关节突不对称的时间变化

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者小关节突不对称随时间的变化. 方法 对54例LDH患者进行前瞻性分析,CT测量判断突出间隙有无小关节突不对称,并测量小关节角,与2年后观察的结果进行比较. 结果 2年期观察前后LDH患者的小关节突平面方向矢状突占多数,2年前后小关节突平面方向改变(P＞0.05).2年时间里有7例患者小关节突不对称消失,另有7例患者小关节突不对称出现,2年里出现和消失的小关节突不对称的例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论小关节平面及不对称会随时间的改变而改变,观察小关节不对称与LDH的关系应该在一个时间段而不是时间点上进行.