Endoscopic transforaminal lumbar decompression, interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation——a report of 42 cases

Objective： To evaluate the surgical procedure of endo- scopic transforminal discectomy, bone grafting and Dynalok pedicle screw fixation under X-Tube operation system in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation combined with segmental instability and/or pars defected spondylolithesis.
Methods： From June 2004 to May 2006, 42 patients with classic features of lumbar disc herniation combined with segmental instability and/or pars defected spondylolithesis underwent endoscopic transforminal lumbar interbody fu- sion （TLIF）. Under the guidance of fluoroscopy, a 2.8 to 3.0 cm incision with 4.5 to 5.0 cm apart from the posterior middle line was made on the symptomatic side and the working portal （X-Tube） was docked unilaterally on the facet joint. A total facetectomy was then performed to expose neural fo- ramina and nerve root. Discectomy and endplate prepara- tion were completed through the tube. A Telamon cage was placed obliquely into the intervertebral space after interbody grafting, and then the Dynalok pedicle screw fixation system was performed. This procedure was accomplished on the lateral side when it is necessary.
Results： Clinical outcomes were determined using the Oswestry Disability Index （ODI） which revealed that 62.2% of patients got excellent results, 29.2% good and 8.6% fair. The average hospital stay was 12.5 days （5-25 days）. Op- eration time averaged 240 min （110-320 min）, blood loss averaged 140 ml （80-420 ml） and incision length averaged 3 cm （2.8-3.2 cm）. Five patients had complications including wound infection in 1 case, incision dehiscence and focal skin necrosis in 1, progressive radicular pain of contralat- eral leg in 1 and residual radicular numbness after transient radicular pain in 2.
Conclusions： This surgical procedure of endoscopic transforminal diskectomy, bone grafting, cage placement and pedicle screw fixation can be effectively accomplished under X-Tube operation system with predominant benefits such as small incision, less stripping of pa     

Clinical application of anterior cervical decompression and fusion under METRx system

Objective: To explore the feasibility and effect of anterior cervical decompression and fusion under METRx system. Methods: Between Nov. 2001 and Nov. 2003, totally 23 consecutive patients were performed anterior cervical decompression and fusion under METRx system. The clinical outcome was evaluated by Odom standard. Results: Decompression and fusion along with internal fixation was obtained in all the 23 patients with minimal tissue damage and operation-caused scar. There were no wound infection, neurological injuries, throat discomfort and other complications. The total rate of excellent and good outcome in patients with degenerative cervical diseases was 94%. Conclusion: Cervical decompression and fusion can be performed under METRx system with its own advantages, such as minimal tissue damage and operation-caused scar, less throat discomfort.     

微创经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术的围手术期并发症

目的:分析微创经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术(minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF)的围手术期并发症发生情况。方法 :对2007年6月~2013年7月接受MIS-TLIF治疗的523例腰椎退变性疾病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。男231例,女292例,年龄53.1±8.4岁(31~83岁)。其中腰椎滑脱症194例,腰椎管狭窄症128例,腰椎不稳症62例,巨大腰椎间盘脱出症59例,腰椎术后复发52例(开放腰椎间盘切除术后复发26例,显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术后复发17例,经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术后复发9例),退变性椎间盘病(degenerative disc disease,DDD)28例。围手术期并发症定义为手术后1个月内发生的与手术直接相关的并发症。持久并发症指手术导致新的损害术后持续大于30d无改善,短暂并发症指手术导致新的损害在术后30d内获得改善。统计分析并发症发生情况及原因。结果:本组523例平均随访47.5±8.2个月(24~81个月)。92例患者共计发生围手术期并发症96例次,其中持久并发症2例次,分别为1例因为椎弓根解剖结构畸形在螺钉置入时造成神经根损伤和1例操作失误导致出行神经根损伤,神经功能部分恢复。90例发生短暂性并发症94例次,其中最常见为下肢麻木不适,发生率为10.71%(56/523),发生硬膜撕裂21例,表浅感染9例,局部血肿4例,神经卡压2例,深部感染1例,植骨移位1例。88例患者发生单项并发症,4例发生2项并发症,围手术期并发症发生率为17.59%(92/523)。不同疾病并发症率分别为:腰椎滑脱症17.53%,腰椎管狭窄症17.19%,腰椎不稳14.52%,巨大腰椎间盘脱出13.56%,腰椎术后翻修30.77%,退变性椎间盘病10.71%。单节段融合并发症率(17.53%)和双节段融合并发症发生率(18.42%)统计学差异不显著(χ~2=0.02,P0.05)。结论 :MIS-TLIF围手术期并发症包括神经根损伤、硬膜撕裂、切口感染和短暂性下肢麻木等,短暂性下肢麻木是最常见并发症。     

地中海贫血合并胸椎椎旁及椎管内髓外造血压迫脊髓1例报道

正髓外造血(extramedullary hematopoiesis,EMH)系良性病变。原发病多为地中海贫血、镰状细胞贫血、遗传性球形红细胞增多症等~([1、2])。EMH常被认为是此类疾病的一个特征性表现。EMH组织增生部位主要见于肝、脾、淋巴结~([2、3])。EMH常无典型的临床症状,如发生在椎管内易出现脊髓压迫症状,而发生于椎管内压迫脊髓造成瘫痪的病例极少见。我院收治1例地中海贫血合并胸椎椎旁及椎管内EMH压迫脊髓的病例,报告如下。     

新型经皮椎弓根螺钉系统的设计与生物力学测试

目的 评估新型经皮椎弓根螺钉系统设计的合理性和临床操作可行性.方法 取6具经甲醛处理的完整尸体标本,模拟临床手术操作安放新型经皮椎弓根螺钉系统(A组),以传统经皮椎弓根螺钉系统为对照(B组).应用新型经皮椎弓根螺钉系统在新鲜小牛腰椎压缩性骨折模型上行撑开操作.分别以单向螺钉、改良螺钉和万向螺钉跨节段固定骨折,测量固定节段的三维稳定性.结果 A组平均手术时间(38.2±6.20)min,B组(56.4±12.8)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组螺钉位置优良率91.7%,B组95.8%,差异无统计学意义.新型椎弓根螺钉系统对三种螺钉均具有良好的撑开功能,改良螺钉和单向螺钉主要撑开椎体前柱,两者差异无统计学意义;万向螺钉主要撑开椎体中、后柱,对前柱撑开效果较其他两种螺钉差(P<0.05).三组固定节段在完整状态和骨折状态的屈伸、左右侧弯及旋转运动范围无统计学差异.改良螺钉和单向螺钉固定后固定节段有相似的三维稳定性;万向螺钉屈伸稳定性较改良螺钉差(P<0.05),而侧弯和旋转稳定性与其他两组接近.结论 改良螺钉能有效撑开椎体前柱,螺钉-棒系统可对固定节段提供稳定性.新型经皮椎弓根螺钉系统具有临床操作可行性.     

微创与传统开放附加伤椎经椎弓根螺钉内固定手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的:比较附加伤椎经椎弓根螺钉内固定的微创与传统开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果.方法:2006年12月～2009年3月选择42例胸腰椎骨折患者给予附加伤椎固定的三椎体六钉固定,分别采用Sextant系统下微刨经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术(18例,微创组)和传统开放椎弓根螺钉内固定手术(24例,开放组),对两组患者围手术期相关指标、后凸畸形矫正情况、术后神经功能恢复、腰背痛改善等进行比较.结果:微创组与开放组相比,手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流最、输血量、术后住院时间、术后使用止痛药的比例,以及术后手术伤口疼痛VAS评分、术后并发症等均有显著统计学差异(P<0.05).两组术前与术后影像学比较,矢状位后凸Cobb角、伤椎自身成角、矢状位指数、伤椎椎体前缘高度均有显著性差异(P<0.01).微创组术后Cobb's角、伤椎自身成角、矢状面指数的改善程度与开放手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后两组伤椎前缘高度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随访期间两组矫正度丢失差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,附加伤椎内固定的微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术手术操作简单、安全可靠、创伤小、出血少、恢复快、住院时间短、术后并发症少,对伤椎畸形的矫正和内固定效果与传统开放手术相当.     

微创脊柱外科技术培训基地建设与教学模式探索

分析目前国内外微创脊柱外科技术开展现状及限制发展因素,探讨微创脊柱外科技术培训基地建设的重要性。并就培训基地硬件条件、师资队伍建设、培训教材的编撰,以及教学形式、教学内容和考核管理等教学实践模式进行相应的探索和研究。     

颈椎椎体间撑开对椎间孔面积影响的实验

目的：确定颈椎椎间植骨块撑开高度与椎间盘高度的关系。方法：采用新鲜人颈椎标本,以椎间盘高度为基础行椎间不同程度对称性撑开。X线45°斜位摄片,图象分析计算椎间孔面积。结果：当撑开2－3mm时,椎间孔面积在统计学显著增大（P＜0．05）。结论：颈椎椎间植骨块撑开的理想高度为2－3mm。     

脊柱术后脑脊液漏的处理

脑脊液漏为脊柱手术后的一种并发症,有学者统计其发生率约为2．3％～9．4％。其发生与多种因素有关,除椎管条件、粘连等本身因素外,不适当的手术操作也是造成脑脊液漏的重要原因。脑脊液漏处理不当可导致伤口感染不愈、硬脊膜囊肿甚至椎管内感染等严重并发症。我院自1998—05／2006—07月共有57例患者脊柱术后出现脑脊液漏,经过适当的处理无一例出现感染,现报告如下。