甲型肝炎流行现状分析——长春市朝阳区甲肝流行现状调查

1.调查在我区1990年1683例病毒性肝炎中,甲肝785例,占46.64%。 (1)年龄分布以20～24岁组发病为多,占总病例的16.17%,其次是5～9岁占12.23%,与有关资料报道相符。 (2)职业分布,以工人学生发病为多,考虑与人民生活水平提高,家庭生活逐渐向社会型转化,     

妇科癌症作为遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌综合征妇女的“前哨癌”

目的:遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌综合征妇女有40%～60%发展为结肠癌、40%～60%发展为子宫内膜癌、12%发展为卵巢癌的终生风险。许多遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌综合征在妇女一生中将发展为一种以上癌症。本研究旨在探讨由遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌综合征发展成两种原发癌的妇女,能否将妇科或结肠癌作为“前哨癌”。方法:按照阿姆斯特丹遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌综合征诊断标准,从5大遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌综合征登记处,选取符合条件的家庭中发展成两两种原发性结肠/妇科癌症妇女为研究对象。获取相关信息,如癌症诊断时的年龄,首先发展的癌症…     

Propofol and Sevoflurane in Subanesthetic Concentrations Act Preferentially on the Spinal Cord: Evidence from Multimodal Electrophysiological Assessment

Background: Animal experiments in recent years have shown that attenuation of motor responses by general anesthetics is mediated at least partly by spinal mechanisms. Less is known about the relative potency of anesthetic drugs in suppressing cortical and spinal electrophysiological responses in vivo in humans, particularly those, but not only those, connected with motor responses. Therefore, we studied the effects of sevoflurane and propofol in humans using multimodal electrophysiological assessment.

Methods: We studied nine healthy volunteers in two sessions during steady state sedation with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 [mu]g/l (targeted plasma concentration) propofol or 0.2 and 0.4 vol% (end-tidal) sevoflurane. Following a 15-min equilibration period, motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral (H-reflex, F-wave) stimulation were recorded, while electroencephalography and auditory evoked responses were recorded in parallel.

Results: At concentrations corresponding to two thirds of C50 awake, motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation were reduced by approximately 50%, H-reflex amplitude was reduced by 22%, F-wave amplitude was reduced by 40%, and F-wave persistence was reduced by 25%. No significant differences between sevoflurane and propofol were found. At this concentration, the Bispectral Index was reduced by 7%, and the middle-latency auditory evoked responses were attenuated only mildly (Nb latency increased by 11%, amplitude PaNb did not change). In contrast, the postauricular reflex was suppressed by 77%.     

毛细支气管炎吸入皮质激素预防哮喘发病的研究

目的 探讨毛细支气管炎吸入皮质激素与预防儿童哮喘发病的关系。方法 52例毛细支气管炎患儿间断吸入丙酸倍氯米松1.5-2年后，测其骨密度值。随访3-4斫，并测其气道反应性。结果 52例中有4例发展为哮喘，而对照组50例中16例发展为哮喘，两组比较差异有极显著意义（P＜0.01）。超声雾化蒸馏水激发试验（UNDW）显示吸入治疗组3例阳性，而对照组13例阳性，两组比较差异有极显著意义（P＜0.01）。吸入组治疗前后骨密度值差异无显著意义（P＞0.05）。结论 毛细支气管炎患儿吸入皮质激素治疗有利于预防哮喘发病。     

Risk of Respiratory Complications and Wound Infection in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: Smokers versus Nonsmokers

Background: Smoking is considered to be a risk factor for patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia, but it is unclear whether this is applicable to patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of respiratory complications and wound infection among smokers.

Methods: The authors studied a random selection of 489 adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Smoking status was determined by self-report and confirmed with end-expired carbon monoxide analysis. The risk of respiratory complications (i.e., desaturation, cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath-holding, or apnea) and wound infection (i.e., wound redness or discharge +/- positive microbial culture, requiring antibiotic therapy) in smokers versus nonsmokers was ascertained. Odds ratios were estimated from multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, partner's smoking status, domiciliary smoking exposure, and extent and duration of surgery.

Results: Most smokers continued to smoke up until the day of surgery. Smokers had a higher rate of respiratory complications (32.8%vs. 25.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.84;P = 0.038) and wound infection (3.6%vs. 0.6%; odds ratio, 16.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-175;P = 0.019). Odds ratios comparing current plus ex-smokers with nonsmokers were of similar magnitude for most of these complications.     

误诊为脑瘤的鼻咽癌

作者对３例上行型鼻咽癌误诊为脑瘤进行了分析，并阐述了鼻咽癌常见颅内浸润的几个途径。建议靠近颅底部的颅内肿瘤术前应常规行鼻咽镜检查及取活检。     

Dual Exposure to Sevoflurane Improves Anesthetic Preconditioning in Intact Hearts

Background: Anesthetic preconditioning (APC) with sevoflurane reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The authors tested whether two brief exposures to sevoflurane would lead to a better preconditioning state than would a single longer exposure and whether dual exposure to a lower (L) concentration of sevoflurane would achieve an outcome similar to that associated with a single exposure to a higher (H) concentration.

Methods: Langendorff-prepared guinea pig hearts were exposed to 0.4 mm sevoflurane once for 15 min (H1-15; n = 8) or 0.4 mm (H2-5; n = 8) or 0.2 mm sevoflurane (L2-5; n = 8) twice for 5 min, with a 5-min washout period interspersed. Sevoflurane was then washed out for 20 min before 30 min of global no-flow ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Control hearts (n = 8) were not subjected to APC. Left ventricular pressure was measured isovolumetrically. Ventricular infarct size was determined by tetrazolium staining and cumulative planimetry. Values are expressed as mean +/- SD.

Results: The authors found a better functional return and a lesser percentage of infarction on reperfusion in H2-5 (28 +/- 9%) than in H1-15 (36 +/- 8%; P < 0.05), L2-5 (43 +/- 6%; P < 0.05), or control hearts (52 +/- 7%; P < 0.05).     

手术分期Ⅰ期的子宫乳头状浆液性腺癌患者辅助铂类化疗后存活率的提高

目的：子宫乳头状浆液性腺癌（UPSC）是子宫内膜痛中侵袭力较强的一种，复发率高，预后不良。早期有关评估UPSC治疗的研究因病例数量及病例分期有限而受到限制。本研究是对手术分期Ⅰ期的UPSC患者进行的大规模队列研究，旨在评估辅助性铂类药化疗及阴道断端放疗的有效性。方法：回顾性分析本院于1987-2004年间经完整手术分期诊断为Ⅰ期的UPSC患者共74例。结果：ⅠA期患者被分为两组：子宫切除样本中无煽组织的患者（定义为无肿瘤残留组）和子宫切除样本中有癌组织的患者（定义为肿瘤残留组）。无肿瘤残留者无沦是否接受辅助治疗均无复发（n=12），有肿瘤残留者中接受铂类药辅助化疗者均无复发（n=7），而14例有肿瘤残留但未接受化疗的患者中有6例（43％）复发。