经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

高位肛瘘显微切除术的手术配合及护理

高位肛瘘指瘘管在外括约肌1／2以上穿过外括约肌或肛提肌的一类肛瘘,包括高位经括约肌肛瘘、括约肌上瘘和括约肌外瘘。治疗高位肛瘘的常规方法是挂线疗法,但挂线疗法治疗过程漫长而痛苦,并可使50％的患者遗留不同程度的肛门失禁。因此,至今高位肛瘘的治疗仍是肛肠外科的一个难题。为了改善高位肛瘘的治疗效果,我院肛肠外科将显微外科技术应用于高位肛瘘的手术治疗,使得高位肛瘘可以被一期切除,同时保留了肛门括约肌的正常功能,极大地缩短了高位肛瘘的治疗时间,取得了良好的治疗效果。现将手术配合及护理要点报告如下。     

高位肛瘘显微外科切除与挂线疗法的比较

目的:探索手术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的新方法.方法:采用显微外科切除肛瘘30例(显微组),另30例采用高位肛瘘切开加挂线术(挂线组).结果:两组一次手术治愈率均为90%.术后愈合时间两组比较有非常显著差异(P<0.01)手术时间两组比较有显著差异(P<0.01).结论:应用显微外科技术切除高位肛瘘可使高位肛瘘的治愈时间大为缩短.     

局部进展期中低位直肠癌新辅助治疗后淋巴结变化及与预后的关系

目的研究新辅助治疗对局部进展期中低位直肠癌患者术后淋巴结检出数及阳性淋巴结数的影响,探讨肿瘤T分期与放疗灵敏度的关系及淋巴结状况与预后的关系。方法回顾性研究216例采用直肠全系膜切除术（TME手术）治疗的中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,将其中接受新辅助治疗后再手术的106例患者设为观察组,未行新辅助治疗直接手术的110例患者设为对照组,比较两组临床资料及术后淋巴结检出情况,同时研究新辅助治疗后肿瘤T分期与放疗灵敏度之间的关系,采用生存曲线分析新辅助治疗后淋巴结情况与预后的关系。结果观察组患者术后标本淋巴结检出数[6.5（4.5,15.0）枚]及阳性淋巴结检出数[1.0（0,4.0）枚]均少于对照组[11.0（8.5,17.5）、2.5（1.5,5.0）枚],差异均有统计学意义（U=11.60、2.05,均P＜0.05）。肿瘤T分期与放疗灵敏度相关（r=0.97,P＜0.01）。观察组淋巴结阴性患者5年生存率（78.0%）高于淋巴结阳性患者（50.4%）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（字2=8.84,P＜0.01）,观察组淋巴结阴性患者中检出淋巴结总数≥12枚患者5年生存率（80.8%）高于＜12枚患者（63.0%）,但差异无统计学意义（字2=0.164,P＞0.05）。结论新辅助治疗使中低位直肠癌患者术后总淋巴结及阳性淋巴结数减少,肿瘤T分期与放疗灵敏度相关,新辅助治疗后淋巴结阳性患者预后不良,增加淋巴结检出数可能提高新辅助治疗后淋巴结阴性患者总体生存率。     

直肠癌与直肠黏膜菌群相关性研究

目的:通过对直肠癌患者肿瘤部位和癌旁部位及健康直肠黏膜菌群进行分析,探讨直肠黏膜菌群与直肠癌的关系。方法:选取2018年7月至2019年9月温州医科大学附属第一医院行直肠癌根治手术的94例直肠癌患者肿瘤黏膜(CM组)和癌旁黏膜(AM组),100例健康者直肠黏膜(NM组)作为研究对象。细菌培养定量检测患者和正常黏膜主要细...     

小针刀结合中药坐浴治疗肛周顽固性瘙痒症31例

肛周顽固性瘙痒症是一种常见的局限性神经机能障碍性皮肤病,基本上局限于肛周,偶尔蔓延到前阴,青壮年多见,一般无原发皮肤损害.我们采用小针刀结合中药坐浴治疗31例,取得了很好的疗效,现报告如下.     

直肠癌HIF-1α和COX-2的表达与新辅助放化疗敏感性的相关性

目的：探讨直肠癌组织中HIF-1α和下游调控基因COX-2的表达与新辅助放化疗敏感性的相关性。方法：收集2008年4月至2013年3月行新辅助放化疗后行手术治疗的直肠癌患者45例,应用免疫组织化学方法检测新辅助放化疗前活检组织标本中HIF-1α和COX-2蛋白的表达,用改良Wheeler直肠癌消退分级（mRCRG）体系和T分期降期来评估新辅助放化疗的效果。结果：活检组织中HIF-1α低表达组有50.0%患者在放化疗后肿瘤消退达到mRCRG I级,高表达组仅有16.0%,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。活检组织中HIF-1α低表达组在放化疗后T分期降期率为70.0%,高表达组为32.0%,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。COX-2表达水平与mRCRG肿瘤消退等级及T分期降期无关（均P＞0.05）。直肠癌组织中HIF-1α与COX-2表达呈低度正相关（r=0.36,P＜0.05）。结论：直肠癌组织中HIF-1α表达水平与直肠癌新辅助放化疗疗效密切相关,可作为预测直肠癌新辅助放化疗的敏感性指标之一。     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

EGFR表达与放疗抵抗的关系及西妥昔单抗用于直肠癌术前放疗增敏的研究进展

术前放疗是目前局部进展期直肠癌患者标准治疗方案,但放疗抵抗导致直肠癌放疗并不理想。研究显示,EGFR高表达与放疗抵抗密切相关,因此,EGFR通路阻断药物西妥昔单抗从机制上有潜在提高局部进展期直肠癌术前放疗效果的作用。自2006年以来共17项临床研究探讨了西妥昔单抗用于直肠癌术前放疗增敏的潜在价值,17项研究共纳入患者636例,西妥昔单抗主要联合氟尿嘧啶类化疗药物用于术前放疗增敏,其中有8项研究在此基础上加用奥沙利铂或伊立替康,结果显示636例患者中80例患者病理完全消失(总pCR 12.58%),加入奥沙利铂4项研究总共177例患者病理完全消失16例(总pCR 9.04%),加入伊立替康137例患者中17例病理完全消失(总pCR 12.41%)。因此加入西妥昔单抗并没有显著提高常规同步放化疗效果,原因在于西妥昔单抗与化疗药物作用机制不同,研究西妥昔单抗用于术前放疗增敏的分子筛选标志物及其与化疗结合的最佳术前放化疗方案以充分发挥术前放疗效果是未来发展的重要方向。     

根治性经括约肌间切除术治疗低位直肠癌的远期疗效观察

目的 评估经括约肌间切除术（ISR）对低位直肠癌实施根治性切除的远期疗效（包括肿瘤学效果及肛门功能）。方法 对2006 年2月至2013年5月采用ISR 进行R0 切除术并成功保肛的91例低位直肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 术后病理分期pTNMI期35 例、Ⅱ期30 例、Ⅲ期26 例。无围术期死亡。发生吻合口瘘2例,新直肠黏膜坏死2 例,吻合口狭窄15例。术后随访6～94 个月,平均随访（40.3±23.9）个月。中途失访10 例。远处转移9例,局部复发3 例,1例术后36 个月发现左侧盆壁淋巴结转移,1例术后35个月骶前复发,1 例术后52 个月发现骶骨转移。无吻合口复发。随访截止时,8例死于肿瘤远处转移。5年累积生存率90.9%,5 年累积无病生存率81.3%。至术后1年,行部分、次全、完全ISR 患者肛管最大静息压分别为（8.5±1.4）、（7.9±2.2）、（4.4±1.2）kPa,大便失禁严重程度Vaizey 评分为4.2±3.0、5.7±3.0、13.7±3.2。结论 在进行R0切除的前提下,低位直肠癌患者使用ISR 技术进行保肛治疗具有较低局部复发率以及可以接受的肛门节制功能。