特发性脊柱侧凸手术并发症分析

目的：探讨特发性脊柱侧凸手术并发症及预防方法。方法：2002年6月至2007年5月治疗特发性脊柱侧凸86例,男21例,女65例;年龄8～22岁,平均17.8岁。侧凸按Lenke分型,1型33例,2型10例,3型18例,4型5例,5型10例,6型10例。Risser征0～Ⅰ度5例,Ⅱ～Ⅲ度20例,Ⅳ～Ⅴ度61例。术前患者冠状位主侧凸Cobb角45°～85°,平均Cobb角60.35°,采用TSRH等钉棒系统进行全脊柱椎弓根螺钉三维矫形、融合固定技术。对手术后矫形情况及手术后并发症进行总结。结果：所有患者平均手术时间3.2h,平均出血1000ml（800～2400ml）,共置椎弓根螺钉924枚,术后平均Cobb角18.46°。全部患者均获随访,时间5～40个月,平均20.5个月。86例患者中,1例脊髓损伤;25枚螺钉偏位;2例神经根损伤;1例胸膜损伤;1例肠系膜上动脉综合征;3例手术切口感染;2例躯体失平衡;1例交界性后凸;3例内固定松动;2例假关节形成;1例曲轴现象;2例平腰畸形。结论：特发性脊柱侧凸手术有很多种并发症,正确的诊治方案是减少并发症的关键。     

椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下椎体间融合术治疗退变性腰椎间盘疾病

 目的 探讨椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下腰椎后路椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF)和经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF)治疗退变性椎间盘疾病的临床疗效。方法 2007年 11月至 2008年 4月, 采用椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下 TLIF和 PLIF治疗退变性椎间盘疾病 32例: PLIF 13例, TLIF 19例。单节段腰椎间盘突出症伴相应节段腰椎不稳定 21例, 腰椎滑脱症 11例(玉度 6例, 域度 5例)。病变节段: L3-4 2例, L4-5 18例, L5S1 12例。年龄 38~72岁, 平均 51.2岁;男 19例, 女 13例。术后进行定期随访和影像学检查, 并进行 Oswestry功能障碍指数评定以评价术后康复情况。结果手术时间 90~180 min, 平均 120 min;手术出血量 100~400 ml, 平均 190 ml。切口均为甲级愈合, 未见切口及椎管、椎间隙感染、内固定失败等并发症发生。所以患者均获随访, 随访时间 13~41个月, 平均 21个月。 Oswestry功能障碍指数由术前 40.1%±4.1%下降到术后 3个月的 9.5%±3.7%。疗效评价: 优 19例, 良 10例, 可 3例;优良率为 90.6豫。骨融合均取得成功。结论椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下 TLIF和 PLIF治疗退变性椎间盘疾病具有切口小, 创伤小, 术后恢复快等优点。     

后路寰枢关节固定融合术治疗AndersonⅡ型齿状突骨折

AndersonⅡ型齿状突骨折常常伴有寰枢椎不稳,往往需要手术治疗[1]。Magerl经关节螺钉固定术,虽然可以提供良好的生物力学稳定性和较高的融合率,但该术式的技术要求较高,易引起椎动脉损伤,而且肥胖或有胸椎后凸畸形的患者往往不适合应用这项     

人工颈椎间盘置换术后中期并发症的临床观察

目的:通过总结Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后3年的疗效及发现的异位骨化和假体融合情况,探讨其发生率及对策.方法:自2005年12月至2008年12月,对54例单节段症状明显的颈椎病患者(男34例,女20例,年龄39～69岁,平均50.5岁)施行Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术,随访24～36个月,平均30个月.分别以JOA评分和Odom＇s评分,分析患者的症状和功能改善情况.每3个月定期复查颈椎正侧位片,观察异位骨化和假体融合情况.同时在术前和置换后24个月,摄置换节段前屈后伸位、左右侧屈位X线片,观察置换假体的稳定性,以及置换节段的活动度变化.结果:54例患者疼痛症状和神经功能均得到明显改善,术后24个月JOA评分平均改善率76.1%,置换节段的屈伸运动范围有明显改善.置换后异位骨化和假体融合发生率逐年递增,1年3.7%(2/54),2年16.7%(9/54),最后随访时达22.2%(12/54).结论:人工颈椎间盘置换术后中期疗效优于传统术式.术后异位骨化和融合发生率较高,改良术式、早期功能锻炼可以降低发生率.     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

目的 探讨在下颈椎经颈后正中入路应用经关节螺钉联合侧块螺钉或椎弓根螺钉行内固定治疗的固定效果.方法 2003年2月至2007年10月,对22例患者通过后路应用经关节螺钉联合侧块螺钉或椎弓根螺钉行内固定治疗,男14例,女8例;年龄24～73岁,平均43岁.其中下颈椎创伤性骨折脱位13例,颈椎后纵韧带骨化症4例,颈椎管狭窄伴Ⅱ型齿突骨折1例,颈椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄4例.结果 共置入经关节螺钉45枚,其中C4,5 2枚,C5,639枚,C6,74枚;共置入侧块螺钉12枚,C3、C4各6枚;共置入椎弓根螺钉41枚,其中C24枚,C32枚,C46枚,C721枚,T18枚.术中所有螺钉均成功置入,未出现椎动脉、神经根和脊髓损伤等置钉相关并发症.22例患者均获随访,随访时间10个月～3年8个月,平均17个月.植骨融合时间3～5个月,平均3.5个月.术后发现1例患者的2枚经关节螺钉松动,部分脱出.经加强颈托制动,术后4个月获得融合.结论 通过后路固定下颈椎时,采用经关节螺钉联合侧块螺钉或椎弓根螺钉固定,均可取得较好的固定效果.     

颈椎经关节椎弓根螺钉固定与标准椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学比较

Objective To compare biomechanical pullout strength of cervical transfacet pedicle screws to that of standard pedicle screws. Methods Ten fresh human cadaveric cervical spines were harvested. On one side, transfacet pedicle screws were placed at the C3,4, C5,6, and C7T1 levels. On the other side, pedicle screws were, placed at the C3, C5, and C7 levels. The screw insertion technique at each level was randomized for right or left. The starting point for the transfacet pedicle screw insertion was about located at the midpoint of the inferolateral quadrant of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was about 50° caudally in the sagittal plane and about 45° medially in the axial plane. Screws were placed across the facet joint and the pedicle into the body of the caudal vertebra. The entry points for pedicle screw was located at the midpoint of the superolateral quadrant of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was about 45° toward the midline in the transverse plane and toward the upper third of the vertebral body in the sagittal plane. The pedicle screws were oriented along the axis of the pedicle in an effort to avoid violations of the cortical wall. All the screw insertions were based on direct observation and the CT scan on the pedicles. After screw placement, axial pullout testing was performed. Results The mean pullout strength for the transfacet pedicle screws was (694±42) N. This compares with (670±36) N for the pedicle screws (P< 0.05). The greatest difference at a single level in pullout strength was observed at the C5,6 level, with a mean difference of 38 N. Conclusion Transfacet pedicle screws exhibited statistically greater pullout strength to pedicle screws. At each level the transfacet pedicle screws exhibited greater pullout strength than the pedicle screws. Posterior transarticular pedicle screw fixation in the cervical spine affords an alternative to standard screw placement for plate fixation and cervical stabilization.     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定选择性治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的：探讨后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定选择性治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法：自2005年6月至2008年6月,行后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折28例,男17例,女11例;年龄19-60岁,平均36岁。骨折根据AO分型：A1型19例,A2型9例。观察骨折椎的椎弓根螺钉位置及手术前后骨折椎的复位情况。结果：术后CT示骨折椎56枚椎弓根螺钉均在正常骨性结构内,均未通过骨折线。术后无脊髓损伤、感染等并发症发生。骨折椎体前缘压缩率从术前平均（42．0±5．6）％恢复至（12．4±1.4）％（P〈0．05）;骨折椎后凸Cobb角从术前平均（25．8±5．1）°废复至（1．9±1．3）°（P〈0．05）。28例患者术后均获随访,平均18.3个月（3-36个月）,骨折全部获得骨性愈合,骨折椎体高度无明显丢失,无钉棒弯曲、松动或断裂。结论：只要手术适应证选择正确,后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定可用于治疗胸腰椎骨折。     

经椎弓根内固定治疗颈胸段交接处脊柱损伤

目的 探讨经椎弓根螺钉固定治疗颈胸段交接处脊柱损伤的疗效.方法 应用椎弓根螺钉固定治疗颈胸段疾病患者79例,均采用椎弓根螺钉固定,其中采用AXIS固定40例,VERTEX固定39例.结果 共植入椎弓根螺钉336枚,术后6个月出现4枚螺钉松动,松动率1.19％,随访至12个月,所有患者植骨均融合,螺钉未继续松动.结论 经椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗颈胸段交接处脊柱损伤是一种非常有效的方法.     

锁定钢板治疗不稳定肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法从2003年至2005年,对58例肱骨近端骨折的患者采用有成角稳定的肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗,其中二部分骨折38例,三部分骨折14例,四部分骨折6例,经三角肌胸大肌间入路,钝性分开三角肌,间接复位并尽量减少对骨折血运的破坏,将锁定钢板置于肱骨的侧方,大结节下方5mm处,克氏针临时固定,锁定螺钉固定钢板,将移位的大小结节固定于钢板上。结果术后患者平均随访11.5个月,按N eer功能评定,术后功能优21例,良28例,可7例,差2例,仅有2例肱骨头坏死,其中1例术后功能较好。结论锁定钢板有高度的稳定性,是治疗肱骨近端骨折,尤其是粉碎性及骨质疏松性骨折的理想方法。