经口咽入路寰椎前路钢板固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折

 目的探讨经口咽入路寰椎前路钢板内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的临床疗效。 方法2004年3月至2010年5月,采用经口咽入路寰椎前路钢板内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折患者20例,男12例,女8例;年龄23~68岁,平均(47.7±13.9)岁。4例为寰椎前1/2 Jefferson骨折;8例为半环 Jefferson骨折;8例为前3/4 Jefferson骨折。患者均有不同程度的颈枕区疼痛,活动受限。疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)为4~8分,平均(6.0±1.3)分。20例患者均选择行经口咽入路寰椎前路钢板内固定,随访通过临床和影像学检查评价其疗效。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12~81个月,平均(48.5±20.0)个月。术中未出现螺钉松动、断裂,钢板移位,脊髓损伤,椎动脉损伤。20例患者共放置钢板20块,置入寰椎侧块螺钉40枚。术后CT显示有2枚螺钉过于靠近椎动脉沟,但是未出现临床症状。术后VAS评分为0~3分,平均(1.3±1.0)分。静态和动态的影像学资料显示,术后6个月所有患者均达到骨性愈合,寰枢关节旋转功能良好。随访期间无一例出现内植物相关的并发症。结论寰椎前路钢板内固定能获得坚固的骨性愈合和较低的并发症发生率,是治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的一种有效方法。     

C2,3椎弓根固定治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折

目的探讨C2,3椎弓根固定术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折的疗效。方法2001年10月至2005年10月,治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折患者26例,男18例,女8例;年龄21～56岁,平均38.5岁。根据Levine等分型标准:Ⅱ型11例,ⅡA型10例,Ⅲ型5例。脊髓功能Frankel分级,D级6例,E级20例。采用后侧入路,在“C”型臂X线机监视下复位骨折后,采用Axis或Vertex系统经C2,3椎弓根螺钉固定,行椎板间和关节突间植骨融合。以C2侧块中点为进针点,进针方向为向头端倾斜15°～25°,向中线倾斜20°～25°;螺钉长度为26～30mm,直径为3.5～4.0mm。以C3侧块的外上象限中点为进针点,水平面上进针方向为向头端内侧倾斜35°～45°,矢状面上丝锥在C3向头侧倾斜约10°,进深为20～25mm,长度为18～24mm,直径为3.5～4.0mm。结果术后骨折复位满意,且全部愈合,颈椎功能无明显受限,无一例发生脊髓及椎动脉损伤。6例术前有神经症状者术后1周均有不同程度恢复。随访6～54个月,平均29个月。6例术前脊髓功能Frankel分级为D级的患者术后恢复至E级。术后CT检查示:C2椎弓根螺钉偏外3枚(3/52);C3椎弓根螺钉偏外进入横突孔7枚(7/52);未发现螺钉偏内病例。按Mayo(McGrory)颈椎创伤后临床评价标准评分,优16例,良7例,可3例,优良率88.46%。结论经C2,3椎弓根固定治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折可获得满意疗效。     

综合疗法治疗心理因素相关期前收缩的疗效观察

目的探讨采用药物和心理疗法治疗与心理因素有关的期前收缩的临床疗效。方法选取郑州市第一人民医院门诊就诊,经心电图证实的期前收缩患者38例作为治疗观察对象,所有患者均符合心血管神经症的诊断标准。(1)药物治疗:美托洛尔片25~50 mg,2次/d,口服;谷维素片100 mg,3次/d,口服。(2)心理治疗:给予患者实施放松训练和合理情绪疗法。2次/d,5 min/次。应用合理情绪疗法进行心理疏导治疗1次/5 d,60 min/次。1个月为一疗程。结果治愈26例,治愈率为68.4%;有效9例,总有效率为92.1%。结论综合疗法治疗与心理因素有关的期前收缩,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

中西医结合治疗特发性面神经麻痹44例临床观察

目的观察应用中西医结合方法治疗特发性面神经麻痹疗效。方法对照组采用泼尼松、B族维生素、面部表情肌训练等常规西医疗法,治疗组在上述治疗基础上加用加味牵正散治疗,并随证加减,30d后进行疗效评定。结果治疗组治愈率和总有效率分别为63.6%和100%,对照组为41%和72.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论中西医结合方法治疗特发性面神经麻痹疗效确切,值得推广。     

中西医结合治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征30例

肠易激综合征是消化内科较为常见的功能性疾病,我国总患病率在5%左右[1],主要表现为腹痛或腹部不适伴排便习惯改变。临床上可分为腹泻型、便秘型和腹泻便秘交替型三大类型,其中以腹泻型最为常见,病情缠绵,反复发作,现阶段西医学还没有理想的治疗方法。笔者采用中西医结合治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征30例,     

手法复位后路单节段椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折

对于胸腰椎骨折,目前多采用后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定。该方法固定可靠,操作简单,但术中暴露广泛,需固定融合2个节段[1]。因此,近年来后路单节段椎弓根螺钉固定技术逐渐受到重视[2-3]。由于单节段椎弓根螺钉固定中伤椎只有椎弓根和一侧终板是完整的,应避免大角度器械复位和大距离的撑     

脊髓空洞症1例护理体会

病历资料 患者,男,52岁。主因肋弓下痛温觉消失12年,近日加重入院。12年前始双下肢麻木。无肢体肌力减退,在当地诊断为颈椎病。