研究医院信息化建设与发展对策

现代信息技术迅速发展,各行各业均在寻求向信息化方向,而医院作为对信息化要求较高的单位之一,因此更加需要加快信息化建设的步伐.通过信息化的现代服务技术,医院的医疗服务与管理、信息公开与展示以及财务管理等均能高效的进行工作.但目前,我国的医院信息化建设仍然存在许多问题,如缺少信息化人才、信息化建设进程系统不完善以及规划方案不成熟等.本文就这些问题展开了简要的分析,并总结出了相应的对策,从而为医院信息化建设提供一些借鉴策略.     

应用双能X线骨密度仪对辽宁地区正常人群骨密度的流行病学调查

目的 调查辽宁地区正常人群骨密度值及骨质疏松患病率，为骨质疏松的预防提供科学依据。方法 对辽宁地区一般人群随机抽样2300例，应用美国Lunar公司生产的双能X线骨密度仪分别测试受试的L2－4及股骨上段（包括股骨颈，Ward's区及粗隆部位）的BMD值。结果 各检测组的BMD峰值均出现于20－29岁组，且BMD随年龄增加而逐渐降低，进入50－59岁组，女性的骨量丢失速度明显加快，尤以Ward's区明显。60－69岁年龄组的骨质疏松症患病率，男性为27％，女性为46．8％。结论 BMD随年龄增长而下降，骨质疏松发病率也随之增加，女性发病率明显高于男性。     

门静脉高压症治疗的50年回顾

目的：探讨门静脉高压症的外科治疗。方法：我院50年共收治门静脉高压症939例，分别行脾切除236例，脾腔分流术151例，脾切除＋肠系膜上静脉上静脉下腔静脉吻合术71例，脾肾静脉吻合术42例，肠系膜下静脉下腔静脉吻合术2例，贲门胃底血管离断术409例，胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术28例。术后随访2年、5年，并行上消化道钡餐透视。结果：比较脾腔分流术、贲门胃底血管离断术及胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术的远期效果：脾腔分流术的2年、5年绝对生存率分别为81．6％、56．1％，再出血率4．3％。贲门周围胃底血管离断术的2年绝对生存率为78．7％，再出血率8．0％；5年绝对生存率为74．8％，再出血率为12．4％。胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术的即时止血效果达到100％，术后2年再出血率为率28．6％，死亡率14．3％，术后5年生存率为14．3％。结论：Child分级B级，特别是已发生过大出血的病人，可选择贲门周围胃底血管离断术。ChildC级、有严重黄疸、腹水，发生大出血不宜手术治疗的病人，可行介入曲张血管栓塞术治疗。     

手法治疗半月板急性嵌顿性损伤28例

我科采用过伸屈膝法治疗半月板急性嵌顿性损伤28例,效果满意,报告如下.     

Use of the anterolateral thigh free flap for the soft tissue coverage of Gustilo grade-ⅢB open bone fractures in lower extremities

Objective To investigate the clinical results of the anterolateral thigh free flaps for the soft tissue coverage of Gustilo grade-Ⅲ B open bone fractures in lower extremities.Methods The anterolateral thigh free flaps were applied to treat 42 Gustilo grade-11Ⅲ B open fractures.Ten flaps were performed through an emergency procedure.Sixteen were performed at early stage and the other 16 were performed at later stage .The results of the therapy were analyzed after long time follow up. Results All limbs were salvaged and all the flaps survived without protracted course to obtain soft tissue coverage.The follow up ranged 11 to 47 months.The healing time of the bones were significant prolonged in the later stage therapy group compared with the emergency therapy group and the early stage therapy group.In the later stage therapy group,the incidences of the bone infection and nonunion were also higher than the other two groups,and the second stage bone transplantation to repair bone defect and nonunion were needed in 76% patients in this group.The lower limb functions of the later stage treated group were worse than those of the other two groups.Compared to the early stage treated group,better lower limb functions could be obtained in the emergency treated group. Conclusion Delayed soft tissue coverage resulted in higher incidence of complications.The immediate soft tissue coverage of severely injured limbs complicated by Gustilo grade-Ⅲ B open fractures and massive soft tissue defects had the advantages over traditional methods.Hard work though it was,one-stage soft tissue coverage using anterolateral thigh free flaps could obtain better lower limb function.     

慢性中重度缺血陛二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗及中期随访

Objective To compare the results of mitral valve reconstruction and replacement as treatments for moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR), and report the mid-term outcome. Methods From June 2002 to May 2008, 83 pa-tients with moderate IMR(35 cases) and severe IMR (48 cases) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) combined with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) (n = 43) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) (n = 40). There were 49 males and 34 females with a mean age of (59.3±7.5) years(51 -77years). The procedures of MVP included annuloplasty with a Dacron or autologous per-icardium ring in 21cases, commissural annuloplasty in 9, quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet in 9 and using St. Jude mitral annuloplasty ring in 4. In the cases underwent MVR, 28 patients received mechanical prostheses and 12 received biopros-theses. Results 30-day mortality rate was 2.3% for MVP and 5.0% for MVR (P >0.05). The 30-day complication rate was similar for the 2 groups but mechanical ventilation time was longer for MVR patients. Mild MR ocurred in 6 patients with MVP (P <0.05). Sevonty-six patients were followed by outpatient department visit or telephone for (20.2 ± 4.9) months (3 - 60 months). During the follow-up period, 7 patients with MVP had mild insufficiency but free off etber complications. All the valve prothesis functioned well. However, 3 cases had thromboembolic complications and 7 late deaths were recorded in MVR group. Five-year complication-free survival rate was 90% for MVP group and 61% for MVR. Conclusion MVP resulted in excellent durability and provided significant mid-term survival benefit over MVR. MVP should be the first choice for patients with chronic IMR.     

改良四吻合器技术在近端胃癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨改良四吻合器技术在近端胃癌根治术中应用的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析55例行近端胃癌根治术患者的临床资料,其中28例采用改良四吻合器技术（改良组）、27例采用传统吻合技术（传统组）进行食管残胃间空肠双＂S＂吻合.结果 两组均无手术死亡病例,病理切缘均阴性.改良组手术时间为（158±31）min,明显短于传统组的（195±42）min（P＜0.05）.两组均未出现吻合口狭窄、出血、瘘以及胃瘫、切口感染等早期严重并发症,在术后恢复方面两组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.所有患者均获3个月至2年的随访,两组各有2例出现反流性食管炎（P＞0.05） 改良组与传统组分别有2例（7.1%）和8例（29.6%）出现残胃空肠吻合口炎（P＜0.05）.结论 改良四吻合器技术用于近端胃癌根治术中食管残胃间空肠双＂S＂吻合安全可行.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胃窦癌根治手术的方法. 方法对10例胃窦癌病人进行腹腔镜下胃癌根治术(D2). 结果本组10例胃窦癌病人均成功地完成手术,平均手术时间:280&#177;50 min;平均出血量:180ml&#177;40 ml;平均清扫淋巴结:20个&#177;5个.结论 腹腔镜下胃癌根治术是安全的,有丰富开腹手术经验和熟练腹腔镜技术结合,能在创伤小的同时,高质量地完成根治性手术.     

体胖患者的腹腔镜阑尾切除术应用技术分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除在体胖患者手术应用方法与价值.方法 分析30例体胖患者腹腔镜下阑尾切除术中操作特点.结果 手术过程顺利,手术时间25～60min,平均40min,术后平均下床活动时间12h.平均出院时间4天.伤口无一例感染.结论 腹腔镜阑尾切除对体胖患者有明显优势,创伤小,易于手术操作,效果突出.     

机械瓣膜置换术后华法林与细胞色素P4502C9和维生素K环氧化物还原酶亚单位1基因多态性的相关性研究

机械瓣膜置换术患者需终生服用华法林抗凝治疗，华法林通过竞争性结合维生素K环氧化物还原酶亚单位1（VKORC1）阻断维生素K依赖性凝血因子生成达到抗凝效果，体内华法林通过肝细胞微粒体中药酶细胞色素P450酶即CYP2C9代谢。我们采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术（PCR-RFLP），探讨华法林维持剂量与VKORC1启动子区1639-A／G（VKORC1-1639A／G）和CYP2C9基因多态的相关性。[第一段]