Is prevention of atopic eczema with hydrolyzed formulas cost-effective? A health economic evaluation from Germany

To cite this article: Mertens J, Stock S, Lüngen M, Berg AV, Kr?mer U, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Heinrich J, Koletzko S, Grübl A, Wichmann H-E, Bauer C-P, Reinhardt D, Berdel D, Gerber A. Is Prevention of Atopic Eczema with Hydrolyzed Formulas Cost-Effective? A Health Economic Evaluation from Germany. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 597-604. ABSTRACT: Objective: The German Infant Nutritional Intervention (GINI) trial, a prospective, randomized, double-blind intervention, enrolled children with a hereditary risk for atopy. When fed with certain hydrolyzed formulas for the first 4?months of life, the risk was reduced by 26-45% in PP and 8-29% in intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses compared with children fed with regular cow's milk at age 6. The objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of feeding hydrolyzed formulas. Patients and Methods: Cost-effectiveness was assessed with a decision tree model programmed in TreeAge. Costs and effects over a 6-yr period were analyzed from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance (SHI) and a societal perspective at a 3% effective discount rate followed by sensitivity analyses. Results: The extensively hydrolyzed casein formula would be the most cost-saving strategy with savings of 478?€ per child treated in the ITT analysis (CI95%: 12?€; 852?€) and 979?€ in the PP analysis (95%CI: 355?€; 1455?€) from a societal perspective. If prevented cases are considered, the partially whey hydrolyzed formula is cost-saving (ITT -5404?€, PP -6358?€). From an SHI perspective, the partially whey hydrolyzed formula is cost-effective, but may also be cost-saving depending on the scenario. An extensively hydrolyzed whey formula also included into the analysis was dominated in all analyses. Conclusions: For the prevention of AE, two formulas can be cost-effective or even cost-saving. We recommend that SHI should reimburse formula feeding or at least the difference between costs for cow's milk formula and the most cost-effective formula.     

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells versus adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration

Studies have confirmed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) can be used for treatment of several nervous system diseases. However, isolation of bone marrow-derived MSCs(BMSCs) is an invasive and painful process and the yield is very low. Therefore, there is a need to search for other alterative stem cell sources. Adipose-derived MSCs(ADSCs) have phenotypic and gene expression profiles similar to those of BMSCs. The production of ADSCs is greater than that of BMSCs, and ADSCs proliferate faster than BMSCs. To compare the effects of venous grafts containing BMSCs or ADSCs on sciatic nerve injury, in this study, rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham(only sciatic nerve exposed), Matrigel(MG; sciatic nerve injury + intravenous transplantation of MG vehicle), ADSCs(sciatic nerve injury + intravenous MG containing ADSCs), and BMSCs(sciatic nerve injury + intravenous MG containing BMSCs) groups. Sciatic functional index was calculated to evaluate the function of injured sciatic nerve. Morphologic characteristics of nerves distal to the lesion were observed by toluidine blue staining. Spinal motor neurons labeled with Fluoro-Gold were quantitatively assessed. Compared with sham-operated rats, sciatic functional index was lower, the density of small-diameter fibers was significantly increased, and the number of motor neurons significantly decreased in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Neither ADSCs nor BMSCs significantly improved the sciatic nerve function of rats with sciatic nerve injury, increased fiber density, fiber diameters, axonal diameters, myelin sheath thickness, and G ratios(axonal diameter/fiber diameter ratios) in the sciatic nerve distal to the lesion site. There was no significant difference in the number of spinal motor neurons among ADSCs, BMSCs and MG groups. These results suggest that neither BMSCs nor ADSCs provide satisfactory results for peripheral nerve repair when using MG as the conductor for engraftment.     

甲状腺肿瘤普外科手术治疗临床特点与治疗体会

目的研讨在普外科临床实施甲状腺肿瘤手术治疗的临床特点与治疗体会,旨在为后期临床治疗提供可靠的参考依据以及方法理论支持。方法随机筛选2014年1月至2018年1月入院接受诊疗的50例甲状腺肿瘤患者作为此次研讨对象。均分为研讨组与对照组,各25例。研讨组施以普外科手术治疗;对照组施以传统保守治疗。将两组的治疗成效以及复发率进行观察与比较。结果研讨组的治疗成效96.00%(24/25),对照组的治疗成效84.00%(21/25);研讨组的治疗成效显著优于对照组(P0.05);经随访1年,研讨组复发率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论在普外科临床实施甲状腺肿瘤手术治疗的治疗成效显著但经随访观察,其复发率也相对较高。应将外科手术与保守治疗的治疗优势进行有效结合,以最低复发率达成最高有效率。     

DHS治疗股骨转子间骨折的体会

目的:评价DHS治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法:对56例股骨转子间骨折采用DHS做内固定手术病人的回顾分析。骨折按Evans分类Ⅰ型1度2例,Ⅰ型2度39例,Ⅰ型3度10例,Ⅰ型4度5例。结果:全部病人均得到随访,除1例内固定折断外,均骨性愈合。结论:对于股骨转子间骨折,骨折复位后,只要内侧结构稳定,DHS是很好的治疗方法之一。     

三种方法治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效观察

目的:观察三种方法治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效,并进行对比,探讨最佳的治疗方案。方法:将临床诊断为特发性血小板减少性紫癜的患儿122例随机分为三组:地塞米松组(A组)39例,甲基泼尼松龙组(B组)41例,甲基泼尼松龙加丙种球蛋白组(C组)42例。结果:甲基泼尼松龙组显效率与地塞米松组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血小板上升至正常时间明显短于地塞米松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲基泼尼松龙加丙种球蛋白组显效率明显高于甲基泼尼松龙组及地塞米松组,血小板上升至正常时间明显短于甲基泼尼松龙组及地塞米松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:甲基泼尼松龙加丙种球蛋白组疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

浅谈酸马奶(策格)的临床应用

目的:酸马奶是古老又健康的绿色乳制饮料,因营养成分和有益微生物菌群丰富,对治疗多种常见疾病均有良好的医疗作用。本文章从蒙医临床医疗角度分析酸马奶的营养及应用价值,并对其在蒙医临床应用前景进行探讨。     

Hepatitis C virus reactivation in cancer patients in the era of targeted therapies

The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence of hepatitis C reactivation in cancer patients in the era of targeted therapies.Targeted therapies are novel therapeutics frequently used in cancer patients.During treatment with targeted therapies,viral replication is one of the major problems that can occur.The PubMed database,ASCO,and ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium abstracts were searched up until September 15,2013 using the following search keywords:"targeted therapies,rituximab,alemtuzumab,brentuximab,hepatitis,hepatitis C reactivation,tyrosine kinase inhibitors,imatinib,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitors,everolimus,anti-HER therapies,trastuzumab,pertuzumab,lapatinib,antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapies,cetuximab,panitumumab,and ipilimumab".Papers considered relevant for the aim of this review were selected by the authors.The data about rituximab-induced hepatic flare in hepatitis C virus(HCV)positive patients is controver-sial.However,there is the possibility of life-threatening hepatic flare that can develop after HCV ribonucleic acid(HCV-RNA)viral load increases.Routine followup of liver function tests should be advised.Especially in high-risk patients,such as those with baseline chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis,and where there are plans to administer rituximab concomitantly with corticosteroids,it is advised to have close follow-up of HCV viral load.The data is insufficient to make accurate statements about the association of alemtuzumab therapy and HCV reactivation.However,alemtuzumab may cause deep immunosuppression.Due to this,it is better to follow up with liver function tests and HCV RNA levels during alemtuzumab therapy.Brentuximab has effects on antibody dependent cellular toxicity and may decrease humoral immunity.Thus,we believe that during brentuximab treatment of HCV infected patients,clinicians may encounter hepatitis C reactivation.There have been no reported cases of hepatitis C reactivation with imatinib therapy.However,there are many reports of hepatitis B reactivation with imatinib treatment.Based on the evidence of hepatitis B reactivation with imatinib and the effects of imatinib on immune system functions,we suggest that imatinib therapy might be a risk factor for HCV reactivation.Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapies are not associated with hepatic flare in HCV infected patients.Post-transplant studies reported that mTOR was safely administered to patients with active hepatitis C without causing hepatic flare.Cetuximab and panitumumab have not been associated with HCV reactivation.Two cases of HCV infected melanoma were safely treated with ipilimumab without any HCV reactivation or hepatic flare.Targeted therapies are a new and emerging area of oncology treatment modalities.While treating HCV infected cancer patients,clinicians should be mindful of the immunosuppressive properties of targeted therapies.Further randomized trials are needed to establish algorithms for this issue.     

多方面分析患者病种让外科医生及时救死扶伤

随着交通的日益便捷，生活的水平提高，人们的患病率和病种也在不断的提高和增多。作为外科急诊手术医师，掌握患者病情，了解患者病种，对提高患者的存活率有很大的帮助。所以我院急诊外科医生整理了近三年的手术患者病种的疾病分类并进行了分析，提高了急诊医师的技术水平。     

基于蒙医白脉理论探析帕金森病＊

帕金森病是以多巴胺能神经元减少导致的以静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓和姿势步态障碍为主要临床症状的疾病。此病是蒙医白脉病的一种，又称彻彻热乎病。蒙医将人体的脉络分为白脉和黑脉。白脉病是白脉系统遭受致病因素的影响后所致的一系列疾病的总称，临床上很多疾病归属于“白脉病”。为更好的实现对蒙医优势单病种的规范化研究，本文基于白脉理论，探析蒙医对帕金森病的认识，以期为未来的研究提供理论支持。