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??The comorbidity of epilepsy and autism is a common clinical phenomenon. About 5%??37% of children with epilepsy have autism or have positive screening for autism. About 2%??46% of individuals with autism have epilepsy. The family history of mental disorders??adverse perinatal factors??female??autistic features??intelligence disability??genetic or neurological syndromes and genetic factors increase the risk of comorbidity of the two diseases. In children with the two diseases??epilepsy onsets earlier with two onset peaks before 5 years and during puberty??partial seizure and intractable epilepsy is more common??the symptom of autism is more severe??with more intelligence disability??more motor development and behavior problems and worse adaption behaviors. It is important to recognize?? diagnose and treat the two diseases.     

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??Sepsis is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients. The long-term immunosuppression after recovery of an acute sepsis event is a major reason for the high mortality rate in long term outcomes. Understanding immunodynamics of sepsis and its immunosuppression is very important to prevent and reduce the immunosuppression??decrease mortality. Hyperinflammation is in the early stage of the immunodynamics of sepsis. The exorbitant release of inflammatory mediator and cytokines impairs tissue cells in inflammatory reaction??and at the same time??also causes immune cells damage and immune suppression consequently??which is the basis of sepsis immunosuppression. Middle stage of sepsis is mixed immune status. During this period??inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanism compete with each other??while the inflammatory lesions continue and immune function is further restrained??in the later stage of sepsis??further deterioration and severer immunosuppression leads to immune dysfunction??and immunoparalysis in the end. There is no specific therapy for immunosuppression according to immunodynamics??and further researche is needed.     

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??The term pediatric chronic suppurative lung disease has a history of one hundred years, but with the progress of diagnosis and treatment technology and changes of disease spectrum, the concept of chronic suppurative lung disease has changed greatly in recent years. The concept has been redefined and a series of researches have been conducted. Chronic suppurative lung disease is a clinical syndrome and mainly manifest as repeated attacks of chronic wet cough. There are varied causes, and the diagnosis and etiology are particularly important. The updates on this concept complete a disease spectrum, and can help to early find out children who may develop into bronchiectasis. Early treatments and interventions can improve outcomes and reduce mortality.     

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??Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome??FPIES??is a non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal allergic disorder??and the pathogenesis is still unknown. The clinical manifestations include repetitive severe vomiting and diarrhea. Acute FPIES can result in dehydration??lethargy and even shock. Chronic FPIES is mainly characterized by weight loss and growth retardation. FPIES mainly affects infants and toddlers. Common allergen includes milk??soybean??oats??fish and eggs. The diagnosis is based on typical clinical manifestations and the fact that avoiding possible food source can alleviate the symptoms. If necessary??oral food challenge??OFC?? is required to confirm the diagnosis or to find out the food allergy sources. The key treatment measures are to avoid allergen food and to carry out symptomatic treatment during acute phase.