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??Abstracts?? Objective To evaluate the association between TBX1 gene mutation and conotruncal defects ??CTDs?? using Meta-analysis. Methods Studies on the relationship between TBX1 gene mutation and CTDs were searched from the databases of Wanfang?? VIP?? CNKI?? PubMed?? Elsevier Science Direct and Cochrane Library from their establishment date to September of 2013. According to the standards of inclusion and exclusion?? articles were evaluated. Poor quality studies were excluded. Relevant data were extracted from eligible studies to conduct meta-analysis. R2.15.3 software was applied for statistical analysis. Results Eight eligible studies involving 851 patients were analyzed in the study?? including 6 English literatures and 2 Chinese literatures. Three studies found 15 gene mutations?? and 5 studies found 26 gene polymorphisms. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the pooled TBX1 gene mutation rate was 2.13%??95??CI??0.76%—5.87%??. Conclusion The TBX1 gene mutation rate is low in CTDs patients. TBX1 gene mutation may not be the main genetic factor for CTDs.     

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??Objective??To find the difference in growth and development of children between full-term symmetric growth restriction??FSGR?? and full-term asymmetric growth restriction??FAGR?? through a general investigation of children born small for gestational age in Shanghai. Methods??This general investigation covered all children under 6 years old in Shanghai. Data on growth were retrospectively obtained from medical records. The P10 of birth head circumference/birthweight of the same gestational age and gender was used to distinguish FSGR and FAGR. Results??The sample contained 10 188 full-term SGA children among whom 8049 were FAGR and 2139 were FSGR. Up to 3 years old??both FSGR and FAGR failed to catch up in weight??height??head circumference and chest circumference. Growth restriction in FAGR was more serious. Significant difference could be seen in weight??t??-3.412??P??0.001?? and chest circumference??t??-2.526??P??0.012?? between FSGR and FAGR at 3 years old. Regarding growth speed??the growth rate of weight ??t??6.272??P??0.001????height ??t??9.143??P??0.001????head circumference ??t??6.063??P??0.001?? and chest circumference ??t??6.617??P??0.001?? were higher in FAGR 6 months after birth??while there was no difference after that. The BMI of FAGR was significantly lower than FSGR before 2 years old. The proportion of children in danger of being overweight was significantly higher in FSGR ??P??0.001??. Conclusion??Both FSGR and FAGR experience catch-up growth after birth??but not enough to catch up with normal children at 3 years old??especially in head circumference. In spite of severer growth restriction??the cath-up growth model of FAGR is superior to FSGR. The proportion of children in danger of being overweight is significantly higher in FSGR.     

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??Helicobacter pylori??Hp?? infection is most frequently acquired during childhood and spontaneous clearance is rare. Hp infection can change the gut microbiota and cause the disease. In recent years??the Hp eradication rate through traditional triple therapy is decreased due to the development of Hp resistant strain. Probiotic therapy can inhibit the activity of Hp and reduce the side effects of drugs??which is a promising way to prevent and control the Hp infection.     

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??Abstracts?? Objective To investigate the changes of ventricular late potentials ??VLP?? in children with vasovagal syncope of vasodepressor response ??VVS-V??. Methods Totally 184 children ??aged from 4 to 14 years old??the average age being ??10.54±2.15?? years old?? had been diagnosed with VVS-V by head-up tilt table test ??HUTT?? ??study group?? from July 2006 to January 2013 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University?? male 85 cases?? the average age of ??10.85±2.01?? years old?? female 99 cases?? mean age ??10.27±2.24?? years old. Totally 105 healthy children were matched as controls. All subjects underwent VLP examination. Investigate the difference in HR?? TQRS?? LAS40 and RMS40 between the study group and the control group. Results Compared with the control group?? in the study group heart rate ??HR?? decreased ???83.96±12.27?? beats/min vs??87.28±13.75?? beats/min?? t = -2.113?? P??0.05???the total QRS time??TQRS?? ???84.89±12.05?? ms vs ??81.21±8.23?? ms?? t = 3.070?? P??0.05?? and high frequency and low amplitude limit??LAS40?? ???62.43±19.17?? ms vs ??56.79±1.83?? ms?? t = 2.442?? P??0.05?? were prolonged??and the root mean square plant??RMS40?? increased ???28.73±7.23?? μV vs ??26.89±7.36?? μV?? t = 2.059?? P??0.05??. Conclusions Compared to healthy controls??in VVS-V children HR reduces??TQRS and LAS40 prolong??and RMS40 increases. It suggests that VVS-V childrenare more likely to have cardiovascular incidents.     

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??Airway mucus hypersecretion is an important feature of chronic respiratory diseases. Viral infection is a common factor inducing airway mucus hypersecretion. Understanding the relationship between the viral infection and airway mucus hypersecretion and mechanism is very important to preventing and reducing airway mucus hypersecretion??decreasing the mortality of chronic respiratory diseases. The increase of MUC5AC expression is the major pathological basis of airway mucus hypersecretion??so it is necessary to discuss the signal transduction pathway of MUC5AC secretion caused by common respiratory virus infection.     

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??Objective To compare pbp2b??ply and lytA genes PCR with cerebral spinal fluid culture in diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis and prediction of its susceptibility. Methods A nested PCR targeting pbp2b and another two S.pneumoniae specific PCR targeting the genes of pneumolysin??ply?? and autolysin??lytA?? were developed for detection of S.pneumoniae in cerebral spinal fluid from bacterial meningitis patients. The three PCR results and culture were compared. The consistency of penicillin susceptibility PCR ??using resistant and susceptible primers respectively????sequencing and culture-based phenotypic penicillin resistant results were compared. Results Of the 161 specimens studied??there were 25 cases of S.pneumoniae infection confirmed by different methods??16 by pbp2b PCR??16 by lytA PCR??14 by ply PCR and 9 by cerebrospinal fluid culture??. Of the 16 pbp2b positive specimens??penicillin sensitive and resistant sequence types accounted for half??respectively. Four of the 16 pbp2b positive specimens had culture-based phenotypic penicillin-resistant result. Three of 4 were consistent with penicillin susceptibility PCR result. The results of susceptibility PCR targeting pbp2b was consistent with sequencing result. New sequence types were found but there were no new point mutations in these strains when compared with GenBank ??http??//blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi??. Penicillin resistance in pneumococcal meningitis was 66.67%??6/9?? by culture phenotype and 50%??8/16?? by PCR and sequencing when culture was negative. Conclusion Pbp2b can serve as a good target gene to detect S.pneumoniae and predict its penicillin susceptibility??which is especially important when culture is negative.