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??Abstract??ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of MAOA 30bp-VNTR(MAOA-uVNTR)on intelligence quotient of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in China.MethodsA total of 333 DSM-?? ADHD of Chinese Han descents were included;both complete IQ evaluation and MAOA-uVNTR genotyping results were obtained.The quantitative traits of psychometric IQ were calculated by using the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC).The two-sample t test was used to compare the average scores (including the Full Scale IQ,Verbal Scale IQ,and Performance Scale IQ) among two groups defined by MAOA-uVNTR genotypes.The multifactor linear regression analysis was used to test the affecting factors on IQ.ResultsThrough the single factor analysis,the influential factors on IQ included the genotype of MAOA-uVNTR and educated level of fathers.Analyses of t test revealed that low enzymatic activity patients performed significiantly better on all aspects of C-WISC test than did high enzymatic activity patients.The parents with higher education level had children with higher scores of IQ.Father??s education level would contribute to both the Full Scale IQ,Verbal Scale IQ,and Performance Scale IQ(P=0.015??0.048 and 0.040).Through the multifactor linear regression analysis,only the genotype of MAOA was the major factor which influenced IQ of children (P=0.021).The genotype of MAOA might have effect on Full Scale IQ.ConclusionOur results suggested that MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism may be related to the intelligence of ADHD patients in China.To confirm our findings further studies with a larger number of subjects are needed.     

Fluoro-Free navigated retrograde drilling of osteochondral lesions

Purpose  

Retrograde drilling of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) is a recommended, but demanding operative approach for revascularization of lesions in stage 1–3 according to Berndt and Harty after failed conservative treatment. The gold standard of intraoperative driller guidance is fluoroscopic control. Limitations are a 2D visualization of a 3D procedure and sometimes limited view of the OCL in fluoroscopy, leading to increased radiation exposure. A new image-free navigation procedure was evaluated for practicability and precision in first clinical applications.     

A standardized framework for the validation and verification of clinical molecular genetic tests

The validation and verification of laboratory methods and procedures before their use in clinical testing is essential for providing a safe and useful service to clinicians and patients. This paper outlines the principles of validation and verification in the context of clinical human molecular genetic testing. We describe implementation processes, types of tests and their key validation components, and suggest some relevant statistical approaches that can be used by individual laboratories to ensure that tests are conducted to defined standards.     

Diagnostik und Therapie der Aortendissektion

Aortic dissection is an uncommon but highly lethal disease with an incidence of approximately 20,000 new cases per year in the United States. However, due to its complex pathophysiology and lack of pathognomonic clinical signs, aortic dissection is missed in 38% of patients at presentation, with 28% of patients first diagnosed at autopsy. If untreated, the mortality rate for acute proximal aortic dissection (type?A) increases by approximately 1% per hour over the first 48?h and may reach 70% at 1?week, thus representing a surgical emergency. Uncomplicated type B dissection can initially be treated with drug therapy, possibly followed in the later course by stent-graft placement, depending on aortic morphology and clinical features. Cases of acute complicated type?B dissection should receive immediate interventional treatment. In addition to lifestyle changes, the long-term treatment for aortic dissection includes drug (primarily antihypertensive) therapy. Since this is a generalized disease of the aorta with involvement of surrounding areas, the entire aorta should be included in follow-up imaging.