大鼠实验性肺损伤肺组织中TNF-α和IL-8浓度的动态变化

目的 观察腹腔感染时肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子菌α(TNF—α)和白介素-8(IL-8)的变化，探讨其作用机制。方法 采用大鼠盲肠结扎并穿孔造成腹腔感染。分别在0、24、48、72、96、120h处死一组大鼠，检测肺毛细血管通透性，取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞学分析，检测血浆、肺组织和BALF的TNF-α和IL-8的含量。结果 肺毛细血管通透性和BALF的中性粒细胞百分率逐渐增加，时间越长越明显。血浆、肺组织和BALF的TNF—α、IL-8逐渐增加，肺组织和BALT的TNF-α、IL-8分别显著相关，两者分别与血浆的TNF-α、IL-8无明显相关性。结论 TBF-α和IL-8在腹腔感染的早期阶段就参与了肺的炎症反应，检测BALF的TNF-α和IL-8可早期发现肠源性肺损伤。     

Coplanar PCBs in fish and mussels from marine and estuarine waters of New York State.

Thirty samples of striped bass from marine and estuarine waters of New York State, six samples of mussels from Long Island Sound, and one composite sample of freshwater mussels from Troy were analyzed by a recently developed method which combines sulfuric acid cleanup, carbon chromatography, and high-resolution gas chromatography for the determination of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are biologically active congeners of PCBs and approximate isostereomers of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin of (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Non-ortho coplanar PCBs ranged from 0.2 to 37.1 ppb in fish. The highest concentrations of 37.1 ng/g of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (77) and 7.5 ng/g of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (126) were detected in a fish caught near Troy/Albany, New York. Mono-ortho-substituted PCBs ranged from 0.4 to 790 ppb in fish, with the major components identified as 2,3',4,4',5-penta-(118) and 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyls (105). When concentrations were converted to 2,3,7,8-TCDD picogram equivalents, 99% of the equivalents were derived from three congeners (77, 105, and 126), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (126) accounting for approximately 80% of the activity. At Troy pg/g TCDD equivalents derived from PCB were approximately 3000, whereas the actual 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration was only 20 pg/g; hence, accurate coplanar PCB measurement is important.     

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喘息是儿童时期常见的症状之一,支气管扩张药物在年幼儿童中使用的有效性是多年来颇有争议的一个临床问题。争论的焦点在于,以往认为婴儿支气管平滑肌发育不成熟,喘息时气道动态闭合度增高和相对显著的黏膜水肿使其对支气管扩张剂的反应较弱。而近年的研究显示,虽然婴幼儿对支气管扩张剂的治疗反应弱于年长儿童和成年人,但在婴儿时期气道就存在对支气管扩张剂的反应[1],合理使用支气管扩张剂有利于改善喘息儿童的临床症状。1临床常用的支气管扩张剂1.1β2肾上腺素受体激动剂选择性β2受体激动剂是强效支气管扩张剂,支气管扩张作用是氨茶碱的…     

医学生"网络成瘾症"产生的原因和对策

文章针对目前医学生“网络成瘾症”的现状进行了分析,并指出了产生的原因和解决问题的办法,以求达到标本兼治。最后提出三点预防医学生“网络成瘾症”的对策：一是高校及其附属医院要为医学生营造宽松愉快的学习、生活环境;二是呼吁家长关注医学生身心发展的特殊规律,建立良好的家庭环境;三是建立和完善与网络社会相应的法律法规,规范医学生的网上行为。     

乳腺良性病变术后并发Mondor病27例报道

目的探讨Mondor病的发病原因及诊治方法。方法结合相关文献对15年来收治的1012例乳腺良性病变术后并发Mondor病的27例患者的临床资料,进行病因和临床表现分析,总结有效的诊治方法。结果27例患者均为女性,与乳腺手术有关,主要表现为术侧胸腹壁皮下痛性条索状物,质硬韧,长度不等。3例随诊观察治愈,19例服用强的松和非甾体类消炎镇痛药治愈,3例经局部封闭治愈,2例经手术切除治愈。结论乳腺手术创伤可能是Mondor病发病的主要原因,根据病史临床表现诊断不难,但需排除恶变。     

培养环境的温度变化与人MⅡ期卵母细胞纺锤体形态学变化的关系

目的:观察环境温度的改变对MⅡ期人卵纺锤体结构的影响.方法:40例非男性因素的不孕妇女,将常规体外授精后未受精的MⅡ期卵子置于室温(23～25℃)直至纺锤体消失.于纺锤体消失后,将卵子分成3个实验组:1组纺锤体消失后立即复温(n=8);2组纺锤体消失后室温下静置5 min再复温(n=6);3组纺锤体消失后室温下静置10 min再复温(n=6).卵子复温后5 min,10 min,2 h分别观察纺锤体的复现情况.结果:20个未受精的MⅡ期卵子置于室温下5 min内纺锤体均消失.1组中的8个卵子,2组中的6个卵子复温后再次观测到了MⅡ期纺锤体.3组中的6个卵子只有3个卵子再次出现了MⅡ期纺锤体.对照组的18个卵子放置于37℃恒温板上观察30 min,纺锤体均未见消失.结论:MⅡ期卵子纺锤体对环境温度的改变非常敏感.温度降低将导致纺锤体消失,随着时间的延长,纺锤体复现几率明显减少.     

额叶内侧面损伤的临床特点及救治

目的 总结17例额叶内侧面损伤的临床特点及救治经验。方法 对我科1999年7月至2003年4月收治的额叶内侧面损伤患者进行回顾性分析。结果 手术治疗1例，恢复良好，保守治疗16例，其中恢复良好12例，中残2例，死亡2例，全组死亡率11．77％。结论 额叶内侧面损伤一般意识障碍较轻，但易直接发生枕骨大孔疝，严密观察病情及动态CT检查，颅内压监测，不拘泥传统手术指征，及时抓住手术时机，可有效降低致残率及死亡率。     

乳猪肝细胞的分离、培养及功能检测

目的 为构建生物人工肝进行肝细胞的准备。方法 采用胶原酶半原位灌流法分离单个乳猪肝细胞,并对其活力及单层和聚集培养后的白蛋白、尿素合成功能进行检测。结果 采用本方法从每头乳猪中分离到的单个肝细胞数为(3.1±1.5)×10~(10),活性超过95％。在加入激素和生长因子的培养基中单层培养时,肝细胞功能良好,可维持2周左右。而在未加入激素和生长因子的培养中肝细胞虽能存活1周,但功能于24h后即丧失。球形聚集培养可实现肝细胞的大量培养,且生物学活性较单层培养显著提高。结论 采用胶原酶半原位灌注法所得单个乳猪肝细胞基本能满足构建生物人工肝对肝细胞数量的要求。聚集培养接种密度大,细胞生物学活性高,可用于构建生物人工肝。     

Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 研究细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(cyclin dependent kinases 5,CDK5)在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,探索其在耐药性癫(癎)发病机制中的作用.方法 收集耐药性癫(癎)患者术后脑组织,用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot 3种检测方法从基因和蛋白水平分别测定CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,并与对照组进行比较.结果 荧光定量PCR发现CDK5 mRAN比对照组明显增加,免疫组化检测显示这种基因的蛋白表达产物主要分布在神经元轴突和胶质细胞中,Western blot检测在相对分子质量35 000处有一蛋白条带,并且可见实验组(颞叶和海马中分别为1.4293±0.1839和2.0733±0.4738)高于对照组(颞叶和海马中分别为0.9680±0.4147和1.403±0.6163,P＜0.05).结论 CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中表达增强,提示他们可能参与了耐药性癫(癎)的形成.