近5年国家自然科学基金资助耳鼻咽喉科学研究结题分析及成果简介

This paper reviewed and analyzed the 72 fulfilled projects in the discipline of Otorhinolar-yngology supported in division Ⅱ of basic research of clinical medicine by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (NSFC) from year 2002 to 2006, and gave a brief introduction to the part of research a-chievements. The science foundation promotes Otorhinolaryngology to a quick development, and produces some outstanding research achievements with international recognition. Thus, it plays an important role in el-evating the level of discipline and bringing up specialists. According to the retrospection and analysis of the fulfilled projects and their research achievements, we hope it can objective and overall reflect research pro-gress in the field of Otorhinolaryngology, and offer as a reference to the relevant researchers and scientific re-search managers.     

近5年国家自然科学基金资助耳鼻咽喉科学研究结题分析及成果简介

This paper reviewed and analyzed the 72 fulfilled projects in the discipline of Otorhinolar-yngology supported in division Ⅱ of basic research of clinical medicine by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (NSFC) from year 2002 to 2006, and gave a brief introduction to the part of research a-chievements. The science foundation promotes Otorhinolaryngology to a quick development, and produces some outstanding research achievements with international recognition. Thus, it plays an important role in el-evating the level of discipline and bringing up specialists. According to the retrospection and analysis of the fulfilled projects and their research achievements, we hope it can objective and overall reflect research pro-gress in the field of Otorhinolaryngology, and offer as a reference to the relevant researchers and scientific re-search managers.     

听力障碍与轻度认知功能障碍患病率之间的关系

世界卫生组织(W H O )于2012年将痴呆症列为公共卫生优先事项,预计到2050年,全球痴呆症患病人数将增加到 1 .315 亿人.轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment ,MCI)是介于认知功能正常和痴呆症之间的中间阶段.M CI患者在相对较短时间内进展为痴呆症的比例很高,而且M CI康...     

“互联网+”下Seminar联合CTTM教学法在耳鼻喉科实习中的应用

临床实习是医学生离开校园进入临床工作的最后阶段,是培养一名合格医生的必经之路,在医学教育过程中具有重要意义。耳鼻咽喉头颈外科是操作性极高的临床手术科室,诊疗操作多在狭小腔隙内进行且操作难度大。“互联网+”背景下研讨式教学法（Seminar）联合案例式立体教学法（case three dimensional teaching method,CTTM）是指将Seminar和CTTM这两种新兴的教学方法有机结合起来,并利用互联网媒介将课堂主导权由教师转移到学生,培养学生自主学习能力与临床思维。文章参考其他学科教学方法以及临床实习经验,探讨在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床实习中应用“互联网+”背景下Seminar联合CTTM教学法的意义与实施价值,旨在为培养合格的耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师提供帮助。     

颈静脉球憩室临床特征分析

目的探讨颈静脉球憩室的临床特征、诊断和治疗。方法对1例颈静脉球憩室患者的临床特征、影像学表现及治疗等临床资料进行分析并复习相关文献。结果该例患者临床表现为双耳渐进性听力下降伴耳鸣,偶发短暂眩晕,纯音测听示双耳混合性聋,双耳鼓室导抗图为C型。轴位CT提示颈静脉孔扩大,周边骨质吸收,边界光滑,颈内动脉垂直段后方骨质缺损,中下鼓室有软组织影。轴位MRI未见明显异常。血管造影证实为颈静脉球憩室。综合文献报道,认为颈静脉球憩室可能没有临床症状,也可能引发耳聋、耳鸣、眩晕、甚至吞咽困难和声嘶等。其诊断和鉴别诊断主要依靠影像学检查。血管造影是确诊颈静脉球憩室的重要依据之一。该病药物治疗效果欠佳。对于引发严重的类梅尼埃症状的颈静脉球憩室患者,可考虑手术治疗。结论颈静脉球憩室的临床表现缺乏特征性,确诊主要依靠影像学检查。     

近5年国家自然科学基金资助耳鼻咽喉科学研究结题分析及成果简介

This paper reviewed and analyzed the 72 fulfilled projects in the discipline of Otorhinolar-yngology supported in division Ⅱ of basic research of clinical medicine by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (NSFC) from year 2002 to 2006, and gave a brief introduction to the part of research a-chievements. The science foundation promotes Otorhinolaryngology to a quick development, and produces some outstanding research achievements with international recognition. Thus, it plays an important role in el-evating the level of discipline and bringing up specialists. According to the retrospection and analysis of the fulfilled projects and their research achievements, we hope it can objective and overall reflect research pro-gress in the field of Otorhinolaryngology, and offer as a reference to the relevant researchers and scientific re-search managers.     

064几种神经肽在鼻粘膜中的分布与作用

神经纤维除释放经典的去甲肾上腺素(NA)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)等神经递质外,还释放大分子肽类物质,如P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、神经肽Y(NPY)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)等.这些肽类物质在体内分布相当广泛,具有血管收缩、舒张、神经递质、神经调质或免疫活性等作用,受到人们的普遍关注.近年来,对神经肽与鼻粘膜的关系有了较深入的研究.本文就这些神经肽的基本结构和作用以及在鼻粘膜中的分布和作用予以综述.     

金黄色葡萄球菌超抗原与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病的荟萃分析

目的：慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉是全球健康问题,因其易复发且症状较重,而严重影响患者生存质量。细菌超抗原学说有可能解释其发病机制。本荟萃分析旨在研究金葡菌超抗原与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病的关系。方法计算机检索Pubmed、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国知网、万方数据库、CBM和VIP中关于金葡菌超抗原与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的病例对照研究,时限为从建库到2013年1月。对纳入研究的质量进行严格评价与提取资料,对符合标准的文献进行荟萃分析。统计学分析应用RevMan 5.0软件和和GRADEprofiler 3.2.2软件。结果共纳入12篇病例对照研究。荟萃分析结果显示：病例组与对照组的鼻腔金葡菌培养阳性率[OR=5.16,95%CI（2.44,10.90）,P〈0.0001]、金葡菌超抗原阳性率[OR=11.79,95%CI（3.69,37.63）,P〈0.0001]、特异性IgE阳性率[OR=12.67,95%CI （5.08,31.61）,P〈0.00001]的差异均有统计学意义。病例组中金葡菌超抗原或抗体阳性组与阴性组嗜酸性粒细胞计数相比较,其差异没有统计学意义[WMD=36.75,95%CI（-8.09,81.60）,P=0.11]。结论金葡菌超抗原与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉具有相关性,金葡菌超抗原可能是慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病的危险因素。     

中耳胆脂瘤组织中核因子κB的活化及白细胞介素6的异常表达

目的 研究中耳胆脂瘤组织中核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)活化与细胞因子白细胞介素6(IL-6)表达的关系,以进一步阐明胆脂瘤的发病机制.方法 于中耳手术中收集中耳胆脂瘤组织标本10例,正常外耳道皮肤组织6例,分别采用凝胶电泳迁移阻滞法及逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测NF-κB与IL-6在胆脂瘤中的表达,并进行相关性分析.结果 胆脂瘤及正常外耳道皮肤组织中NF-κB DNA结合活性分别为(15.9±8.2)%和(1.4±0.9)%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(t=3.502,P=0.014);IL-6 mRNA相对表达量分别为0.836±0.281和0.470±0.115,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(t=2.166,P=0.048);NF-κB DNA结合活性与IL-6 mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r=0.752,P<0.05).结论 胆脂瘤组织中存在NF-κB的活化及IL-6基因的异常表达,NF-κB的活化可能是导致胆脂瘤中IL-6过量表达的重要因素.