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991.
Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) estimation is a frequency domain method used to detect a linear coupling between rhythmic activity recorded from sensorimotor cortex (EEG or MEG) and the electromyogram (EMG) of active muscles. In motor neuroscience, rectification of the surface EMG is a common pre-processing step prior to calculating CMC, intended to maximize information about action potential timing, whilst suppressing information relating to motor unit action potential (MUAP) shape. Rectification is believed to produce a general shift in the EMG spectrum towards lower frequencies, including those around the mean motor unit discharge rate. However, there are no published data to support the claim that EMG rectification enhances the detection of CMC. Furthermore, performing coherence analysis after the non-linear procedure of rectification, which results in a significant distortion of the EMG spectrum, is considered fundamentally flawed in engineering and digital signal processing. We calculated CMC between sensorimotor cortex EEG and EMG of two hand muscles during a key grip task in 14 healthy subjects. CMC calculated using unrectified and rectified EMG was compared. The use of rectified EMG did not enhance the detection of CMC, nor was there any evidence that MUAP shape information had an adverse effect on the CMC estimation. EMG rectification had inconsistent effects on the power and coherence spectra and obscured the detection of CMC in some cases. We also provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis, which, along with our empirical data, demonstrates that rectification is neither necessary nor appropriate in the calculation of CMC. 相似文献
992.
Jonas Bürk Philipp Blanke Zoran Stankovic Alex Barker Maximilian Russe Julia Geiger Alex Frydrychowicz Mathias Langer Michael Markl 《Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance》2012,14(1):84
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate 3D flow patterns and vessel wall parameters in patients with dilated ascending aorta, age-matched subjects, and healthy volunteers.Methods
Thoracic time-resolved 3D phase contrast CMR with 3-directional velocity encoding was applied to 33 patients with dilated ascending aorta (diameter ≥40 mm, age=60±16 years), 15 age-matched normal controls (diameter ≤37 mm, age=68±7.5 years) and 15 young healthy volunteers (diameter ≤30 mm, age=23±2 years). 3D blood flow was visualized and flow patterns were graded regarding presence of supra-physiologic-helix and vortex flow using a semi-quantitative 3-point grading scale. Blood flow velocities, regional wall shear stress (WSS), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were quantified.Results
Incidence and strength of supra-physiologic-helix and vortex flow in the ascending aorta (AAo) was significantly higher in patients with dilated AAo (16/33 and 31/33, grade 0.9±1.0 and 1.5±0.6) than in controls (2/15 and 7/15, grade 0.2 ± 0.6 and 0.6 ± 0.7, P<.05) or healthy volunteers (1/15 and 0/15, grade 0.1 ± 0.3 P<.05). Greater strength of the ascending aortic helix and vortex flow were associated with significant differences in AAo diameters (P<.05). Peak systolic WSS in the ascending aorta and aortic arch was significantly lower in patients with dilated AAo (P<.0157-.0488). AAo diameter positively correlated to time to peak systolic velocities (r=0.30-0.53, P<.04), OSI (r=0.33-0.49, P<0.02) and inversely correlated to peak systolic WSS (r=0.32-0.40, P<.03). Peak systolic WSS was significantly lower in AAo aneurysms at the right and outer curvature within the AAo and proximal arch (P<.01-.05).Conclusions
Increase in AAo diameter is significantly correlated with the presence and strength of supra-physiologic-helix and vortex formation in the AAo, as well with decrease in systolic WSS and increase in OSI. 相似文献993.
994.
995.
Transient otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) is a method widely used in clinical practice for assessment of hearing quality. The
main problem in TEOAE detection is its much lower level than the level of environmental and biological noise. While the environmental
noise level can be controlled, the biological noise can be only reduced by appropriate signal processing. This paper presents
a new two-probe preprocessing TEOAE system for suppression of the biological noise by adaptive filtering. The system records
biological noises in both ears and applies a specific adaptive filtering approach for suppression of biological noise in the
ear canal with TEOAE. The adaptive filtering approach includes robust sign error LMS algorithm, stimuli response summation according to the derived non-linear response (DNLR) technique, subtraction of the estimated TEOAE signal and residual noise suppression. The proposed TEOAE detection
system is tested by three quality measures: signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), reproducibility of TEOAE, and measurement time. The
maximal TEOAE detection improvement is dependent on the coherence function between biological noise in left and right ears.
The experimental results show maximal improvement of 7 dB in S/N, improvement in reproducibility near 40% and reduction in
duration of TEOAE measurement of over 30%. 相似文献
996.
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the amblyopia treatment trends of Australian orthoptists and to identify variations or consistencies amongst treatment patterns. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to all orthoptists who attended an annual national scientific conference. This questionnaire consisted of four case vignettes of amblyopic patients. Each was presented with a series of multiple-choice questions that orthoptists were required to answer. Results The questionnaire was completed by 46 orthoptists. Large diversity between orthoptists in their treatment application was found. This related mostly to the intensity of occlusion treatment. Conclusion Treatment variability continues to exist between orthoptists. Further investigations evaluating the clinical decision making processes of clinicians in prescribing amblyopia treatment may help us to better understand the determinants that are considered when prescribing treatment. This would be useful in establishing best-practice guidelines. 相似文献
997.
998.
Schoenhagen P Hill A Kelley T Popovic Z Halliburton SS 《Journal of cardiovascular translational research》2011,4(4):459-469
Valvular heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and industrialized countries. For patients
with advanced symptomatic disease, surgical open-heart valve replacement is an effective treatment, supported by long-term
outcome data. More recently, less-invasive transcatheter approaches for valve replacement/implantation have been developed
for patients that are not considered surgical candidates. An understanding of valvular and paravalvular anatomy and biomechanics
is pivotal for the optimization of interventional valve procedures. Advanced imaging is increasingly used not only for clinical
guidance but also for the design and further improvement of transcatheter valve systems. Computed tomography is particularly
attractive because it acquires high-resolution volumetric data sets of the root including the leaflets and coronary artery
ostia, with sufficient temporal resolution for multi-phasic analysis. These volumetric data sets allow subsequent 3-D and
4-D display, reconstruction in unlimited planes, and mathematical modeling. Computer modeling, specifically finite element
analysis, of devices intended for implantation in the aortic root, allows for structural analysis of devices and modeling
of the interaction between the device and cardiovascular anatomy. This paper will provide an overview of computer modeling
of the aortic root and describe FEA approaches that could be applied to TAVI and have an impact on clinical practice and device
design. 相似文献
999.
Krukowski RA Philyaw Perez AG Bursac Z Goodell M Raczynski JM Smith West D Phillips MM 《The Journal of school health》2011,81(8):431-436
BACKGROUND: Foods provided in schools represent a substantial portion of US children's dietary intake; however, the school food environment has proven difficult to describe due to the lack of comprehensive, standardized, and validated measures. METHODS: As part of the Arkansas Act 1220 evaluation project, we developed the School Cafeteria Nutrition Assessment (SCNA) measures to assess food availability in public school cafeterias (n = 113). The SCNA provides a measure to evaluate monthly school lunch menus and to observe foods offered in school cafeterias during the lunch period. These measures provide information on the availability of fruit, vegetables, grains (whole or white), chips (reduced fat or regular), side dishes, main dishes, beverages, à la carte selections, and desserts, as well as information on healthier preparation of these items. Using independent raters, the inter‐rater reliability of the measure was determined among a subsample of these schools (n = 32). RESULTS: All food categories assessed, with the exception of the side dish and chip categories, had inter‐rater reliability rates of 0.79 or greater, regardless of school type. The SCNA scores encompassed the majority of the possible scores, indicating the ability for the measures to differentiate between school cafeterias in the availability of healthier options. CONCLUSION: These measures allow comprehensive, rapid measurement of school cafeteria food availability with high inter‐rater reliability for public health and school health professionals, communities, and school personnel. These measures have the potential to contribute to school health efforts to evaluate cafeteria offerings and/or the impact of policy changes regarding school foods. 相似文献
1000.
Semir Vranic MD Bryan Teruya MD Susan Repertinger MD Pamela Ulmer MD Jill Hagenkord MD Zoran Gatalica MD DSc 《Cancer》2011,117(1):48-53