Adiponectin and insulin cross talk: The microvascular connection

Adiponectin exerts both vasodilatory and insulin-sensitizing actions and its levels are decreased in insulin-resistant humans and animals. The mechanisms underlying adiponectin?s insulin-sensitizing effect have been extensively investigated but remain largely unclear. Muscle microvasculature critically regulates muscle insulin action by modulating insulin delivery to the microvessels nurturing the muscle cells and the trans-endothelial insulin transport. We have recently reported that adiponectin exerts its insulin-sensitizing effect via recruiting muscle microvasculature, expanding the endothelial surface area, and increasing insulin delivery to and thus action in muscle. The current review focuses on the microvascular connection between the adiponectin and insulin cross talk.     

Carotid webs and ischemic stroke: Experiences in a comprehensive stroke center

Background and purpose

Carotid webs are intraluminal filling defects at the carotid bulb which are considered rare, though possibly underappreciated entities with recent studies demonstrating a likely casual association with ischemic stroke. The purpose of the study is to describe our recent experience with clinical and imaging manifestations of carotid webs.

A comparative study on clinical characterizations between acute myelitis onset of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease and idiopathic transverse myelitis

ABSTRACT

Background/Aims

Both of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSDs) and idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM) could present as acute transverse myelitis. However, long-term immunological treatment and prognosis are different for high recurrence of NMOSDs. In this study, we summarized clinical differences between acute attack myelitis of NMOSDs and ITM, we further screened serum auto-antibodies to help understand the two distinct clinical entities.     

膀胱间质细胞与膀胱病理生理

膀胱间质细胞（interstitial cell，IC）是一种缺乏厚纤丝、致密体，且基底膜、粗面内质网和高尔基体不完整的细胞。IC分为四个亚型，即固有层IC、肌间IC、肌束间IC和血管周围IC。固有层IC和肌间IC的离子电流及相关激活途径不同，但最终都通过Ca2+信号途径作用于膀胱逼尿肌。膀胱病变可影响IC离子电流和Ca2+信号途径而导致膀胱功能障碍，这些膀胱病变包括膀胱出口梗阻、膀胱疼痛综合征、间质性膀胱炎、神经源性膀胱和糖尿病膀胱。目前以IC为靶点的治疗主要采用甲磺酸伊马替尼，电刺激针灸治疗是一个新的方向。     

Nanodelivery of immunogenic cell death-inducers for cancer immunotherapy

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山梨醇增加糖尿病患者腰椎管狭窄症炎性反应因子的表达

目的探讨糖尿病腰椎管狭窄患者黄韧带增生肥厚的发生机制。方法 24例糖尿病和20例非糖尿病的腰椎管狭窄患者列为研究对象,观测黄韧带标本结构,D-Sorbitol/Xylitol试剂盒检测山梨醇水平。体外实验中使用小鼠成纤维细胞(NIH3T3)细胞系,用Western blot及q PCR分别检测高糖培养条件及醛糖还原酶抑制剂(ARI):依帕司他(EP)作用对细胞炎性反应因子及TGF-β表达水平的影响。结果糖尿病组较非糖尿病组的山梨醇水平更高、黄韧带平均厚度更大、标本弹力纤维降解、胶原纤维增生更为显著、免疫组化CD68阳性染色率更高(P0.01);体外实验中,NIH3T3细胞系在高糖培养与正常糖浓度培养相比山梨醇、促炎性细胞因子和TGF-β表达水平更高,而山梨醇、促炎性细胞因子和TGF-β增高的表达水平可被醛糖还原酶抑制剂所抑制并且呈剂量依赖(P0.05)。结论糖尿病腰椎管狭窄患者黄韧带中山梨醇水平显著增高,进而促进炎性反应因子及纤维化相关因子TGF-β表达增加,使得黄韧带炎性增生。     

萘哌地尔对慢性心力衰竭患者神经内分泌的影响

目的 观察萘哌地尔对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者神经内分泌的影响.方法 贵阳医学院附属医院2002年3月至2003年5月用放射免疫法测定47例CHF患者(CHF组)与24例健康者(对照组)血肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、肾上腺髓质素(Adm)、神经肽Y(NPY)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、A型利钠肽(ANP)、B型利钠肽(BNP)和C型利钠肽(CNP)水平,超声心动图测定左心室射血分数(LVEF).CHF组再随机分为常规治疗组(A组)24例,给予常规心衰治疗;萘哌地尔治疗组(B组)23例,在A组药物治疗基础上加服萘哌地尔,1月后重复上述测定.结果 (1)CHF患者血TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、ET-1、Adm、NPY、ANP、BNP、CNP水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).(2)A组和B组治疗前后比较,血TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、ET-1、Adm、NPY、ANP、BNP、CNP水平均显著降低(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平增高(P＜0.01);(3)B组治疗后与A组治疗后比较,TNF-α、ET-1、ANP、BNP降低更明显(P＜0.05),NPY水平下降更显著(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平升高更明显(P＜0.05),NYHA分级改善更明显(P＜0.05),但IL-1、IL-6、Adm、CNP和LVEF差异无显著性(P＞0.05).(4)LVEF与TNF-α、IL-6、ET-1、BNP呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、ET-1、Adm、NPY、CGRP、ANP、BNP和CNP可能与CHF发生发展有关,萘亮哌地尔治疗可能进一步降低CHF患者TNF-α、ET-1、ANP、BNP、NPY水平和提高CGRP水平并改善临床症状.