天然水处理剂单宁的改性及性能研究

对单宁进行了胺甲基化、季铵盐化和磺化3种改性,通过红外光谱分析了改性产物的结构,并采用失重法,极化曲线、静态阻垢和杀菌实验等手术对其进行了性能评价与研究。实验结果表明,不同的改性方法可以在很大程度上改善单宁的缓蚀、阻垢和杀菌等性能,具有良好的开发前景。     

ＨＰＬＣ法测定市售贝母中贝母乙素含量

目的：为了选择贝母乙素含量较高的贝母原材料,方法：建立了ＨＰＬＣ法分析贝母原材料中贝母乙素含量,贝母生药粉用氨水－９５％乙醇（１：５）混合液取,柱前用２,４－二硝基苯肼（ＤＮＰＨ）衍生,衍生化条件５０℃下反应３０min。分析色谱柱：ＨyopersilC18ODS2流动相;ＣＨ３ＣＮ－１００mmol/LCH3COONH4,(41:59)pH=5.0),流速为１．２mL/min,UV375nm检测.结果:４种市售贝母东贝母的乙素含量最高,结论;方法灵敏,重现性好,样品用量少,便于应用.     

15种理气中药体外对人血小板聚集的影响

目的观察15种理气中药对体外肾上腺素诱导的人血小板聚集的影响.方法试管内人血小板加中药孵育前后,比浊法测定血小板聚集.结果11种理气药具有抗血小板聚集作用(P＜0.05～0.001),其中枳实的抑制作用较阳性对照阿司匹林明显(P＜0.01),青皮、陈皮与阿司匹林无差异(P＜0.05).柿蒂、甘松、檀香、沉香对血小板聚集无明显作用(P＞0.05).结论多数理气药(11/15)在体外具有抗人血小板聚集作用,枳实、青皮、陈皮3种作用强于或与阿司匹林相当.     

一氧化氮对犬下食管括约肌压力的作用

目的 :应用苄基二甲基十四烷氯化铵 (benzyldim ethyltetradecyl amm onium chloride,BAC)建立犬下食管括约肌(L ES)无神经动物模型 ,研究一氧化氮 (NO)对 L ES压力的作用。方法 :将 BAC环周注入犬 L ES,对照组注入等量生理盐水 ,均于注射前及注射后 6周测定 L ES压力 ;并观察 L -精氨酸、D -精氨酸、硝普钠及一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)抑制剂 N-硝基 - L -精氨酸 (L - NNA)对 L ES压力的影响 ;此外还测定了两组犬 L ES中 NO含量和 NOS活性。结果 :BAC处理组 L ES压力 [(4 2 .43±4.19) m m Hg,1m m Hg=0 .133 k Pa]显著高于对照组 [(2 2 .71± 5 .19) mm Hg]。 L -精氨酸可使对照组 L ES压力降低 ;L - NNA使其增高 ,但对 BAC处理组 L ES压力均无影响。硝普钠可降低两组犬 L ES压力。对照组 L ES中 NO为 (6 .0 5 8± 2 .0 6 7)μm ol/g,NOS为 (1.45 8± 0 .146 ) U /mg;而 BAC处理组 NO为 (1.797± 0 .873)μmol/g,NOS为 (0 .46 3± 0 .0 39) U /m g,均较对照组显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)。 结论 :BAC可使犬 L ES压力增高 ,其机制可能与 L ES局部 NO减少有关。     

胰岛的血液引流与胰腺外分泌的机能和临床意义

目的　研究胰岛的血液引流与胰腺外分泌的机能联系与临床意义。方法　运用微血管树脂 /墨汁灌注扫描电镜 /光镜观察法、保留动态及组织信息在静态样本的微循环观察法、FITC标记红细胞 (FITC- RBC)荧光活体显微镜观察法以及计算机图像处理微血管三维重建法 ,对 11例男性尸体、40只猴、2 4只狗、62只鼠、2 4只兔的胰岛血液引流通道与胰腺外分泌腺泡的关系进行了系统研究。结果　不同动物的内分泌胰岛血液主要经胰岛的三种类型输出血管引流至不同的外分泌腺泡区域 ,灵长类的部分胰岛血液还引流至邻近的小胰岛 ,研究者根据胰岛引流系统的特征对其进行了分类及命名 :1连续型引流系统 ,所有胰岛具有这类引流 (输出 )管道 ,其管径细 ,行程短、引流至胰岛周围的腺泡毛细血管区域。 2聚合型引流系统 ,为部分胰岛所有 ,其管径粗、行程长 ,引流至远离胰岛的腺泡毛细血管区域。 3跨越型引流系统 ,为部分胰岛所有 ,其输出管道越过小叶间隔引流至另一胰腺小叶的腺泡毛细血管区域 ,而这一小叶往往没有胰岛存在。 4胰岛 -胰岛型引流系统 ,灵长类部分胰岛的血液通过胰岛 -胰岛型引流通道回流至邻近的小胰岛。结论　胰岛具有完善联系外分泌腺泡的引流系统 ,提示含有高浓度胰岛内分泌激素的胰岛血液可能对外分泌腺泡的机能     

三峡建坝生态环境改变与血吸虫病传播关系研究

三峡工程是一项规模宏大的开发治理长江的综合性工程 ,它具有防洪、发电、航运、养殖、供水等多项效益 ,它的建成对我国经济发展具有重大的影响。但国内外的一些水利工程建成后都不同程度地对生态环境带来一系列影响 ,造成血吸虫病的蔓延 ,三峡建坝与血吸虫病关系如何是一个需要深入研究的课题。1　研究方法1 1　水文、泥沙资料长江水利委员会提供 ,部分资料为实地调查所得。1 2　流行病学调查人畜感染情况 ,中间宿主分布及扩散情况。1 3　社会经济行为因素调查以问卷调查居民社会、经济行为状况 ,人畜流动情况。1 4　类比调查　选择与三峡…     

Macroscopic hematuria in wasp sting patients: a retrospective study

BackgroundMacroscopic hematuria after wasp sting has been reported in Asia to occur before acute kidney injury (AKI), and is often used by clinicians as a sign indicating the need for intensive care and blood purification therapy. However, there is no study on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of this symptom.MethodsThe clinical data of 363 patients with wasp sting admitted to Suining Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. At admission, the poisoning severity score (PSS) was used as the criterion for severity classification. According to the presence of macroscopic hematuria, the patients were divided into macroscopic hematuria and non-macroscopic hematuria group.ResultsOf the 363 wasp sting patients, 219 were male and 144 were female, with a mean age of 55.9 ± 16.3 years. Fifty-one (14%) had macroscopic hematuria, 39 (10.7%) had AKI, 105 (28.9%) had rhabdomyolysis, 61 (16.8%) had hemolysis, 45 (12.4%) went on to received hemodialysis, and 14 (3.9%) died. The incidence of AKI in macroscopic hematuria group was 70.6%, and oliguric renal failure accounted for 72.2%. Patients with macroscopic hematuria had significantly higher PSS (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3, p < .001).ConclusionMacroscopic hematuria can be regarded as a surrogate marker of deteriorating clinical outcome following wasp stings. In wasp sting patients with symptoms of macroscopic hematuria or serum LDH higher than 463.5 u/L upon admission, the risk of AKI increases significantly, therefore hemodialysis should be considered. The PSS is helpful in early assessment of the severity of wasp sting patients.     

Risk factors and outcomes of cardiovascular disease readmission within the first year after dialysis in peritoneal dialysis patients

BackgroundIn the first year of dialysis, patients are vulnerable to cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization, but knowledge regarding the risk factors and long-term outcomes of cardiovascular readmission within the first year after dialysis in incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is limited.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in incident CAPD patients. The demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, and CVD readmission were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included CVD mortality, infection-related mortality and technique failure. A logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with CVD readmission within the first year after dialysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between CVD readmission and the outcomes.ResultsIn total, 1589 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were included in this study, of whom 120 (7.6%) patients had at least one episode of CVD readmission within the first year after dialysis initiation. Advanced age, CVD history, and a lower level of serum albumin were independently associated with CVD readmission. CVD readmission within the first year after dialysis was significantly associated with all-cause (HR 2.66, 95%CI 1.91–3.70, p < 0.001) and CVD (HR 3.42, 95%CI 2.20–5.31, p < 0.001) mortality, but not infection-related mortality or technique failure, after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that an advanced age, a history of CVD, and a lower level of serum albumin were independently associated with CVD readmission. Moreover, CVD readmission was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident CAPD patients.     

Outcomes of Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients Stratified by Histologic Biopsy Findings

Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation is associated with an increased risk of graft failure. We studied the histologic findings among adult kidney transplant recipients transplanted between January 2000 and June 2015 who had DGF and had a kidney biopsy within 14 days of transplant. Death censored graft failure (DCGF) and death at 1 and 3 years after transplant were examined. A total of 269 transplant recipients fulfilled our selection criteria, of which 152 (56.51%) had acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 44 (16.4%) had acute rejection (AR), mainly T-cell mediated rejection (n = 31), 35 (13%) had ATN with AR (mainly T-cell mediated rejection, n = 26), and 38 (14.1%) had other pathology. Compared with those with ATN alone, kidney transplant recipients with AR alone had a significantly higher risk of DCGF at 1 year post transplant (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.70; 95% confidence interval 1.5-9.5; P = .006). Those with AR alone had an increased risk of DCGF at 3 years post transplant (hazard ratio = 3.10; 95% confidence interval 1.3-8.5; P = .01) in crude analyses. There was no association between DGF etiology and mortality. Early renal biopsy can be used to distinguish AR, which has protocolized treatments, from other etiologies. This could potentially alter allograft survival within 1 year of transplant complicated by DGF.     

Gli1 Defines a Subset of Fibro-adipogenic Progenitors that Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration With Less Fat Accumulation

Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative ability after injury. Mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are necessary, active participants during this repair process, but the molecular signatures of these cells and their functional relevance remain largely unexplored. Here, using a lineage tracing mouse model (Gli1-CreER Tomato), we demonstrate that Gli1 marks a small subset of muscle-resident FAPs with elevated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Upon notexin muscle injury, these cells preferentially and rapidly expanded within FAPs. Ablation of Gli1+ cells using a DTA mouse model drastically reduced fibroblastic colony-forming unit (CFU-F) colonies generated by muscle cells and impaired muscle repair at 28 days. Pharmacologic manipulation revealed that Gli1+ FAPs rely on Hh signaling to increase the size of regenerating myofiber. Sorted Gli1+ FAPs displayed superior clonogenicity and reduced adipogenic differentiation ability in culture compared to sorted Gli1− FAPs. In a glycerol injury model, Gli1+ FAPs were less likely to give rise to muscle adipocytes compared to other FAPs. Further cell ablation and Hh activator/inhibitor treatments demonstrated their dual actions in enhancing myogenesis and reducing adipogenesis after injury. Examining single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of FAPs from normal mice indicated that Gli1+ FAPs with increased Hh signaling provide trophic signals to myogenic cells while restrict their own adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, our findings identified a subpopulation of FAPs that play an essential role in skeletal muscle repair. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).