多层螺旋CT在骶管阻滞麻醉中的临床应用

目的 为骶管阻滞麻醉骶管裂孔穿刺点体表定位、进针方向及深度探索一种新的方法。方法 回顾性对8例盆腔扫描病人进行三维重建,测量骶管裂孔至拟注药点的距离及骶管裂孔大小;骶骨表面重建后对骶管裂孔、骶管的形状进行评估,确定进针方向。结果 全部病人经骶骨表面重建后能通过各种角度对骶管裂孔进行观察并测量骶管裂孔的大小,从骶正中嵴将骶骨切除一半后能对骶管的形状及走行进行精确的观察并准确测出了骶管裂孔至注药点的距离。利用上述数据术前在病人体表进行了准确定位,并成功实施了麻醉。结论 本方法可帮助医生对骶管裂孔进针方向、进针深度提供准确的数据。显著提高了麻醉手术的成功率,避免了给患者可能带来的副损伤,同时还可进行术前麻醉模拟训练。     

胫骨交锁髓内钉术后感染分析

目的：探讨胫腌骨骨折交锁髓内钉术后感染的预防与治疗方法。方法;对12例术后感染的病例进行回顾性分析。3例经过抗菌素治疗,9例经过闭式滴不引流加抗菌素治疗,结果;全部病例获随访,随访时间10个月－2年,感染控制,骨折愈合,结论：对胫骨交锁髓内钉术后感染的病人,不必急于取出内固定,采用闭式滴注引流加抗菌素治疗可获得满意效果。     

地黄饮子对脑缺血后大鼠海马BDNF的影响

目的研究地黄饮子对大鼠持续性脑缺血后海马内脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的影响.方法用线栓法建立大鼠脑缺血模型,以免疫组化技术显示地黄饮子在缺血后对海马区BDNF的影响.结果在大鼠脑缺血区有BDNF阳性神经元表达,缺血组和给药组海马区神经元随缺血时间的延长,存活细胞数目均逐渐减少,而给药组存活的神经细胞数目较缺血组多.结论地黄饮子可通过促进BDNF表达,抑制细胞死亡,促进脑缺血后海马神经元的存活和修复.     

Evidence of depot‐specific regulation of all‐trans‐retinoic acid biosynthesis in human adipose tissue

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, underscoring the need to better understand the pathways mediating adipose tissue (AT) expansion. All‐trans‐retinoic acid (atRA), a bioactive vitamin A metabolite, regulates adipogenesis and energy metabolism, and, in rodent studies, aberrant vitamin A metabolism appears a key facet of metabolic dysregulation. The relevance of these findings to human disease is unknown, as are the specific enzymes implicated in vitamin A metabolism within human AT. We hypothesized that in human AT, family 1A aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A) enzymes contribute to atRA biosynthesis in a depot‐specific manner. To test this hypothesis, parallel samples of subcutaneous and omental AT from participants (n = 15) were collected during elective abdominal surgeries to quantify atRA biosynthesis and key atRA synthesizing enzymes. ALDH1A1 was the most abundant ALDH1A isoform in both AT depots with expression approximately twofold higher in omental than subcutaneous AT. ALDH1A2 was detected only in omental AT. Formation velocity of atRA was approximately threefold higher (p = 0.0001) in omental AT (9.8 [7.6, 11.2]) pmol/min/mg) than subcutaneous AT (3.2 [2.1, 4.0] pmol/min/mg) and correlated with ALDH1A2 expression in omental AT (β‐coefficient = 3.07, p = 0.0007) and with ALDH1A1 expression in subcutaneous AT (β‐coefficient = 0.13, p = 0.003). Despite a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and omental ALDH1A1 protein expression (Spearman r = 0.65, p = 0.01), BMI did not correlate with atRA formation. Our findings suggest that ALDH1A2 is the primary mediator of atRA formation in omental AT, whereas ALDH1A1 is the principal atRA‐synthesizing enzyme in subcutaneous AT. These data highlight AT depot as a critical variable for defining the roles of retinoids in human AT biology.

Study Highlights

• WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC?

Rodent data suggest that dysregulated production of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (atRA), the primary bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, may contribute to body weight gain and its complications. However, the key enzymes responsible for atRA biosynthesis in human adipose tissue have not been identified, nor has the relationship between body weight and adipose tissue atRA biosynthesis been evaluated in humans.

• WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS?

This study sought to identify the key enzymes involved in atRA biosynthesis in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. This study also quantified atRA formation velocity and explored the potential relationship between body mass index (BMI) and atRA biosynthesis in both adipose tissue depots.

• WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE?

This study establishes that among the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoforms, ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2 both contribute to atRA biosynthesis in human omental adipose tissue, whereas only ALDH1A1 contributes to atRA biosynthesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both ALDH1A1 expression and atRA formation velocity are substantially higher in omental than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Omental ALDH1A1 protein expression exhibits a positive correlation with BMI, but atRA formation velocity in both omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue shows no correlation with BMI. Thus, these findings highlight discrepancies between human and rodent adipose tissue biology and, moreover, reveal depot‐specific regulation of vitamin A metabolism in human adipose tissue.

• HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE?

This line of research ultimately is intended to define the roles of vitamin A metabolites in the regulation of tissue remodeling and energy partitioning in human adipose tissue. This knowledge could contribute to the delineation of mechanisms underlying progressive obesity and its complications.     

丹参注射液与异甘草酸镁抗肝纤维化的临床对比研究

目的 观察慢性乙型肝炎患者应用丹参注射液和异甘草酸镁治疗后肝功能和肝纤维化指标的改善情况.方法 将80例慢性乙型肝炎患者,随机分为丹参组40例,异甘草酸镁组40例,在常规保肝治疗基础上,两组分别加用丹参注射液和异甘草酸镁注射液治疗,疗程均为30 d.观察两组患者治疗前、后的肝功能和肝纤维化指标[血清透明质酸酶(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)]的变化.结果 治疗后丹参注射液和异甘草酸镁均可明显改善慢性乙型肝炎患者的肝功能,异甘草酸镁组较丹参组为优(P<0.05).丹参组肝纤维化指标较治疗前有下降(P<0.05);异甘草酸镁组肝纤维化指标与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组治疗后的肝纤维化指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 丹参注射液改善肝纤维化的疗效优于异甘草酸镁,而异甘草酸镁改善肝功能的疗效优于丹参注射液.     

前列腺素E1治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的 观察前列腺素E1治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效。方法 76例老年心力衰竭患者随机分为两组,实验组40例在常规治疗基础上给予前列腺素E1 10μg静脉注射,1次／d,每月连续14d,对照组36例予常规治疗,3个月后观察两组临床效果和心输出量变化。结果 实验组临床显效62．50％,心输出量增加了38．67％,较对照组差异有统计学意义。结论 前列腺素E1可以增加老年心力衰竭患者的心输出量,改善心功能,疗效好,不良反应少。     

中药栓剂联合益肾通络清抗汤治疗免疫性不育的临床疗效

目的 评价中药栓剂联合益肾通络清抗汤治疗免疫性不育的临床疗效及安全性。方法 将116例符合本研究纳入标准的患者随机分为观察组及对照组各58例。观察组采用中药栓剂联合益肾通络清抗汤治疗,对照组给予醋酸泼尼松片。两组均治疗12周,并于治疗结束后6个月随访。收集治疗前后入组患者的精液标本,比较两组患者的配偶受孕情况,精浆抗精子抗体（AsAb）转阴率,精子浓度、活动率、前向运动精子百分率、精子顶体酶活性和不良反应发生情况。结果 共有104例患者完成研究,其中观察组53例,对照组51例。治疗前,两组患者基线资料均衡。治疗后,观察组总有效率为92.45%（49/53）,高于对照组的76.47%（39/51）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组AsAb转阴率为62.26%（33/53）,高于对照组的49.02%（25/51）,但差异无统计学意义。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者的精子活动率、前向运动精子百分率及精子顶体酶活性均明显提高（P<0.05）,观察组的精子浓度明显提高（P<0.05）,而对照组精子浓度差异无统计学意义。与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者的精子浓度、活动率、前向运动精子百分率及精子顶体酶活性改善程度优于对照组（P<0.05）。试验期间,观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 中药栓剂联合益肾通络清抗汤能够显著提高免疫性不育患者的AsAb转阴率,改善精液质量,有较好的临床疗效及安全性。     

基线尿酸及NT-proBNP水平与心房颤动的射频消融复发率关系的研究

目的探讨传统的生物学标记物,如NT-pro BNP和血尿酸(SUA)与心房颤动射频消融术后心律失常复发的关系。方法随机入选2013年1月至2014年10月间在航天中心医院接受第一次心脏心房颤动射频消融术的61例患者的临床资料。其中阵发性心房颤动(持续时间<7 d)患者39例(63.9%),持续性心房颤动(7 d<持续时间<1年)13例(21.3%),永久性心房颤动(持续时间>1年)的患者9例(14.8%)。检测各组NT-pro BNP和SUA水平。结果复发组与未复发组分别为13例(21.3%)和48例(78.7%)。与未复发组比,复发组患者年龄、左房前后径、冠心病比例、吸烟史比例及既往心房颤动时间均更高;入院时NT-pro BNP和SUA水平均更高(P<0.01)。NT-pro BNP和SUA水平与消融术后心房颤动的复发呈正相关(r分别为0.46、0.32,P<0.05)。结论 NT-pro BNP的升高提示心室张力增加或存在心房限制性疾病,是消融术后复发的可能原因。SUA具有促炎、促氧化作用,提示炎症和氧化应激在消融术后的复发可能起重要作用。