CT增强扫描的观察及护理

目的观察CT增强时对静脉选择及对造影剂的不良反应，并制定出相关的护理措施。方法2003年2月-2004年8月间，对460例行CT增强扫描的患者，根据检查部位、病情、体质、年龄，调节注射量及速度、选择不同的注射部位及不同造影剂，并及时了解患者的思想动态，做好心理护理。结果静脉穿刺成功率达95％，对1例重度碘过敏患者的抢救及时，处置恰当。结论做好CT增强扫描的观察及护理工作，是保证增强扫描顺利进行并获得满意结果的必要条件。     

肺肠合治法治疗哮喘发作期的机理

中医药治疗哮喘有独特优势,临床上依据肺肠相关理论,采用肺肠合治法常有较好的疗效。本文就肺肠合治法治疗哮喘发作期的机理予以探讨,并对临床应用进行了归纳总结。1肺肠合治法治疗哮喘发作期的机理1．1肺与大肠经脉相互连络《灵枢·经脉》篇曰：“肺手太阴之脉,下络大肠,……上膈属肺……”。“大肠手阳明之脉,……络肺,下膈属大肠     

城市血吸虫病综合防治措施的研究

目的探索快速控制城市血吸虫病流行的综合措施。方法在城市血吸虫病流行区选择3个试点现场,南津港、太平桥2个点采取以化疗为主的综合防治措施,小柳叶洲点采取以环境改造灭螺为主的综合防治措施。结果南津港点3年居民血吸虫感染率分别为2.80%、2.60%和2.24%,并发生急性血吸虫病2例;感染螺平均密度分别为0.0009、0.0027、0.0020只/0.1m2。小柳叶洲点3年无居民粪检阳性者,无急性血吸虫病例,哨鼠感染率为0,没有查到感染性钉螺。太平桥点3年居民感染率分别为1.18%、0.20%和0.26%,无急性血吸虫病例,家畜感染率分别为6.35%、3.57%和3.85%,2004年发现感染性钉螺,平均密度为0.0001只/0.1m2。结论在城市血吸虫病流行区,采取以环境改造灭螺为主、人群化疗、健康教育、药物灭螺灭蚴的综合防治措施能快速控制疫情。采取以化疗为主的综合防治措施,难以有效控制疫情。     

Ex Vivo Application of Carbon Monoxide in University of Wisconsin Solution to Prevent Intestinal Cold Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme catalysis, was shown to have potent cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo recipient CO inhalation at low concentrations prevented ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with small intestinal transplantation (SITx). This study examined whether ex vivo delivery of CO in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution could ameliorate intestinal I/R injury. Orthotopic syngenic SITx was performed in Lewis rats after 6 h cold preservation in control UW or UW that was bubbled with CO gas (0.1-5%) (CO-UW). Recipient survival with intestinal grafts preserved in 5%, but not 0.1%, CO-UW improved to 86.7% (13/15) from 53% (9/17) with control UW. At 3 h after SITx, grafts stored in 5% CO-UW showed improved intestinal barrier function, less mucosal denudation and reduced inflammatory mediator upregulation compared to those in control UW. Preservation in CO-UW associated with reduced vascular resistance (end preservation), increased graft cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (1 h), and improved graft blood flow (1 h). Protective effects of CO-UW were reversed by ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase. In vitro culture experiment also showed better preservation of vascular endothelial cells with CO-UW. The study suggests that ex vivo CO delivery into UW solution would be a simple and innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent transplant-induced I/R injury.     

儿童肺炎支原体感染状况分析

目的 探讨儿童的肺炎支原体(MP)感染现状及早期诊断的意义。方法 检测181例就诊儿童血液标本分析MP感染的状况。结果 肺炎支原体感染率为29.8％;男性患儿MP检测阳性率(35.7％)明显高于女性患儿(16.4％)(P<0.01);5岁以下患儿阳性率超过50％,且有3例婴儿检测阳性;10-12月份支原体肺炎发病率明显增加,占全年的40.7％。结论 针对儿童支原体肺炎的发病情况,早诊断,早治疗,利于患儿尽早康复,防止肺部病变迁延及肺外并发症的发生。     

生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统结构特征和体外药物释放的研究

目的制备生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统,对其理化性质和WO-1的体外释放情况进行评价。方法采用PluronicF-127负载WO-1制作生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统。扫描电镜观察生物衍生骨及生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统形貌特征,测量其孔径和孔隙率;应用X线衍射分析仪和X线能量散射分析仪对其成分进行分析;应用高效液相色谱分析仪评价WO-1在双蒸水中1~7d的药物释放情况。结果生物衍生骨具有天然的网状孔隙结构,孔隙间互相连通;生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统也具有互相连通的网状孔隙结构,孔径和孔隙率分别为522.43±16.75μm和55%,低于生物衍生骨的孔径623.67±12.31μm和孔隙率75%。生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统主要成分为羟基磷灰石,钙/磷比为1.54;生物衍生骨钙/磷比为1.77。药物释放实验生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统1d表现为爆发释放,溶液浓度为4.6μg/ml,此后可连续释放6d,浓度维持在0.2~0.8μg/ml。结论生物衍生骨-WO-1药物缓释系统可望成为一种更佳的骨组织工程支架材料,有待于进一步进行体内研究。     

癫(癎)患者先兆症状的研究

目的 探讨癫(癎)患者先兆症状的发生比例、临床表现,为正确诊断治疗癫(癎)提供依据.方法 回顾性研究1028例癫(癎)患者的临床资料,分析癫(癎)患者的先兆发生率、临床表现、脑电图和神经影像学结果.比较伴或不伴先兆的部分性发作癫(癎)患者的发病年龄、性别、脑电图、神经影像学的差异以及腹部先兆在颞叶内外侧癫(癎)出现比例的差异.结果 部分性癫(癎)725例,484例(66.8 % )出现先兆;全面性发作者303例,无一例患者出现先兆.64例患者出现2种或2种以上的先兆表现;14例出现持续性先兆的癫(癎)患者.1028例患者中脑电图异常547例(53.2 % ),影像学异常217例(21.1 % ).484例有先兆症状的患者中286例脑电图异常(59.1 % ),126例(26.0 % )影像学异常.伴或不伴先兆的部分性发作癫(癎)患者的首次发病年龄差异无统计学意义,腹部先兆在颞叶内外侧癫(癎)出现的比例差异有统计学意义(x2=170.877,P<0.01).结论 癫(癎)患者先兆症状多样,分析先兆症状对于癫(癎)分型、病灶定位以及合理治疗有指导意义.     

预防精神病人自杀的护理干预

有资料显示,精神病人的自杀死亡率达6.0%[1],有的报道达22.7%[2].精神病病人自杀给家庭、社会带来的诸多问题,以成为精神科临床工作关注的重点.我院2001年-2004年对59例因自杀而入院的精神病病人进行护理干预,取得了满意的效果.现介绍如下.     

比较4种影像技术对早期股骨头缺血性坏死的诊断敏感性

目的评价CR,CT,ECT和MRI在早期股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析16例23髋经手术、病理证实为早期(符合国际骨循环研究会(ARCO)分期标准Ⅰ期-Ⅱ期)股骨头缺血性坏死患者的CR,CT,ECT和MRI的影像学特征及其检查结果。结果CR诊断早期ANFH11髋,阳性率为47.8%,CT诊断早期ANFH14髋,阳性率为60.9%,ECT诊断诊断早期ANFH21髋,阳性率为91.3%,MRI诊断早期ANFH22髋,阳性率为95.7%。经统计学处理,X2=19.38,P<0.01,CR,CT,ECT和MRI四者敏感性的差异具有显著性意义。结论对早期股骨头缺血性坏死影像学诊断而言,CR诊断敏感性较低,CT可提供较多的诊断信息,ECT和MRI的敏感性高于CT及CR,MRI可准确地诊断早期股骨头缺血性坏死。     

Evaluation of mandibular block using a standardized method.

The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to investigate the manifestations and efficiency of mandibular block (MB) using a standardized method. In this study, 123 patients requiring MB were randomly assigned to receive MB using a repeated measures design. Mandibular block was administered in each patient by using 2.1 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine for the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, and/or buccal nerve. Clinical parameters including the electric pulp test and test for soft tissue sensation using a sharp dental explorer were assessed on both the operated side and contralateral side before and 5, 10, and 15 minutes after injection, and at the end of surgical procedure. Results of the test of the contralateral tooth served as the control group. No response to the electric pulp test at a maximum output (80 readings) was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Results obtained with electric pulp test and sharp explorer test were not significantly different during various intervals on the contralateral side, indicating the reliability of this standardized method for assessing MB. The MB technique achieved a high rate of subjective numbness (100%) according to the perception of the patients of overall numbness and lip numbness. Overall anesthetic success rates of pulpal anesthesia were 5.7% for the central incisor, 38.2% for the canine, 55.3% for the first premolar, and 90.2% for the first molar. No significant difference was found in the efficiency of anesthesia related to sex or age of the patients. A slower onset of pulpal anesthesia after MB was found for the anterior teeth than for the posterior teeth. This study suggests that the use of a standardized method might produce a clearer and more comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency and manifestations of MB.