江苏省嗜人按蚊分布区环境特征的现场调查

目的 了解江苏省嗜人按蚊分布范围和分布区环境特征。方法 在原有嗜人按蚊分布及近年来以乡为单位疟疾发病率超过0．1％的县市，进行嗜人按蚊分布调查；在盱眙，六合2县每县选5个乡，每乡3个村进行嗜人按蚊分布区环境特征调查。结果 20世纪90年代以来嗜人按蚊分布于江浦，六合，2仪征，盱眙，洪泽5县。嗜人按蚊分布区植被为树林，灌木和农作物等；河流，湖泊，池塘，沟渠密布；土壤为黄沙（粘）土，黄棕壤土，黑土，灰土，潮土5种，其中黄沙（粘）土占66．7％，有机物含量1．8％－2．5％；水田面积占可耕地总面积的69．5％，100％种植单季稻，稻田农药年使用量平均为18.8kg/hm^2。结论 江苏省嗜人按蚊分布区范围正在逐渐减小，该蚊的种群比例也正在下降，但这些地区自然环境仍适宜嗜人按蚊孳生，因此在疟疾发病率较高和局部出现暴发点的地区，甩必须加强嗜人按蚊监测。     

阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者树突状细胞功能的影响

目的 研究不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP)树突状细胞(DC)的功能及阿托伐他汀对其的影响。方法 将27例UAP分为常规治疗组(12例)和常规加阿托伐他汀治疗组(15例),分别于治疗前及治疗后2周取血分离外周血单个核细胞,在含粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和白细胞介素(IL)4的培养条件下制备DC。用流式细胞仪检测DC表面共刺激分子CD86(B7-2)的表达;混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)检测DC对同种异体T淋巴细胞的刺激能力;ELISA法测定MLR上清液中的细胞因子;探讨CD86表达与冠心病危险因素及C反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性。结果 与正常对照组比较,UAP者DC表面CD86的表达明显增高;对T淋巴细胞刺激的能力增强;经DC刺激的淋巴细胞分泌致炎细胞因子(IL-1β,IL-6,肿瘤坏死因子α)增多,抑炎细胞因子(IL-10)减少;用药前CD86的表达与血LDL-C水平正相关;阿托伐他汀抑制DC功能的同时显著降低血CRP水平;且CD86与CRP水平正相关。结论 (1)UAP者DC的功能亢进,由此启动的T淋巴细胞的增殖和炎性细胞因子分泌可能是UAP者动脉斑块不稳定的原因,(2)LDL-C可能是其刺激因素;(3)阿托伐他汀抑制斑块炎症的机制之一是其对DC的抑制。     

Inhibitory effect of interferon-α-2b on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human hepatocellular carcinoma inoculated in nude mice

AIM： To evaluate the effects of interferon-α-2b （IFN- α-2b） on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） inoculated in nude mice and to study the underlying mechanism of IFN-α- 2b against HCC growth. METHODS： Thirb/-two nude mice bearing human HCC were randomly divided into four groups （n = 8）. On the 10th day after implantation of HCC cells, the mice in test groups （groups A, B and C） received IFN-α- 2b at a serial dose （10000 IU for group A, 20000 IU for group B, 40000 IU for group C sc daily） for 35 d. The mice in control group received normal saline （NS）. The growth conditions of transplanted tumors were observed. Both genes and proteins of COX-2 and VEGF were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis of tumor cells in nude mice was detected by TUNEL assay after treatment with IFN-α-2b. RESULTS： Tumors were significantly smaller and had a lower weight in the IFN-α-2b treatment groups than those in the control group （P 〈 0.01）, and the tumor growth inhibition rate in groups A, B and C was 27.78%, 65.22% and 49.64%, respectively. The expression levels of both genes and proteins of COX-2 and VEGF were much lower in the IFN-α-2b treatment groups than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. The apoptosis index （AI） of tumor cells in the IFN-α-2b treatment groups was markedly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. Group B had a higher inhibition rate of tumor growth, a lower expression level of COX-2 and VEGF and a higher AI than groups A and C （P 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between groups A and C. CONCLUSION： The inhibitory effects of IFN-α-2b on implanted tumor growth and apoptosis may be associated with the down-regulation of COX-2 and VEGF expression. There is a dose-effect relationship. The medium dose of IFN-α-2b for inhibiting tumor growth is 20 000 IU/d.     

Prevalence of the cardiovascular health status in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aims

The American Heart Association has outlined seven cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics, including smoking, body mass index, physical activity, dietary pattern, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose, to define and monitor CVH status. Our study was to evaluate the global CVH in adults.

Platelet characteristic antigens of CD34+ cells in cryopreserved cord blood: a study of platelet-derived microparticles in transplant processing

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In previous studies, we found that platelet microparticles (PMPs) bind to cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells and transfer adhesion molecules to them, which enhances their engraftment. Before applying this phenomenon in actual transplants, we investigated the effect of PMPs on cryopreserved CD34+ cells in CB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We cryopreserved 18 CB units, then evaluated the binding of PMPs to CD34+ cells after thawing, by varying the expression of platelet characteristic antigens (CD41a, CD61, CD62P and CXCR4) on these cells. Adherence of the CD34+ cells, coated with freeze/thaw-induced PMPs, to endothelium and fibronectin was also studied, as were the effects of thrombin-induced PMPs from both fresh and preserved CB platelets. RESULTS: PMPs induced by freezing and thawing adhered less well to CD34+ cells than did those from fresh CB, and cells coated with these PMPs had poor adherence. However, thrombin-induced PMPs from both fresh and preserved CB platelets bound equally well to cryopreserved CD34+ cells and improved their adhesion properties. CONCLUSIONS: PMPs could be a useful tool for enhancing engraftment after CB transplantation.     

A novel DKC1 mutation,severe combined immunodeficiency (T+B-NK- SCID) and bone marrow transplantation in an infant with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome

X-linked Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (XL-HHS) is the severe infantile variant of X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (XL-DC) and both are due to mutations in the DKC1 gene within Xq28. We report a novel missense mutation in DKC1 exon 3 (T113-->C, Ile38Thr) in a Sardinian infant with XL-HHS in whom the disease was characterized by 'T+B-NK-' severe combined immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure. He underwent sibling bone marrow transplantation using a conditioning regimen (fludarabine, rabbit antithymocyte globulin, low-dose melphalan) selected according to the HHS/DC phenotype. This was associated with low toxicity, prompt engraftment with adequate immune reconstitution and full donor haemopoiesis.     

碘-125粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌的剂量学

放射性粒子植入为肝癌的治疗提供了一条新的有效的途径,尤其是碘-125粒子的应用,在世界范围内引起了越来越多的学者的兴趣;然而其剂量学上却没有一个统一的标准.为提高碘-125粒子治疗肝癌的疗效、保护肿瘤周围正常组织器官,有必要对碘-125粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌的剂量学进行前瞻性研究,寻找其最佳处方剂量和粒子的最佳活度.     

手术为主的大肠癌综合治疗

大肠癌(clolrectal cancer, CRC)在国内其发病率排第3位,恶性肿瘤致死因素排第5位,且都一直处于上升趋势.手术治疗作为CRC的首选治疗方法,5年生存率仅在50%左右.近年来国际上很多学者采用在CRC手术治疗的基础上辅助以包括化疗、放疗、同步放化疗、生物治疗和中医药治疗等在内的一系列综合治疗手段,在提高CRC患者,特别是中晚期患者的治疗效果中取得了较为满意的结果.     

Selective inhibition of the carotid body sensory response to hypoxia by the substance P receptor antagonist CP-96,345.

Carotid bodies are sensory organs for monitoring arterial oxygen and CO2. Previous studies have shown that chemoreceptor tissue contains substance P (SP) and exogenously administered SP augments chemosensory discharge. In the present study, we examined the physiological importance of SP in carotid body chemoreception by using a selective nonpeptide SP [neurokinin (NK) 1] receptor antagonist CP-96,345. In experiments performed on anesthetized cats, sensory discharge was recorded from the carotid body in situ. To control for alterations in blood flow, additional studies were conducted on the carotid body in vitro. In in vivo studies, close carotid body (intraarterial) administration of CP-96,345 attenuated the sensory response to hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner with 73% of the response abolished at doses of 0.3-0.6 mg/kg. Comparable doses of the (2R,3R)-enantiomer had no effect on hypoxia-induced excitation, indicating that the effect of CP-96,345 was not due to nonspecific action. In contrast, the carotid body response to high CO2 was not affected by CP-96,345, implying that only the hypoxic response is mediated by NK-1 receptor and confirming that the effect of the SP antagonist was not due to nonspecific actions. Marked attenuation of the sensory response to hypoxia was also obtained in the carotid body in vitro, suggesting that the effects of the NK-1 antagonist were not secondary to cardiovascular changes. These results demonstrate that CP-96,345 attenuates or abolishes the chemosensory response to hypoxia but not to CO2 and suggest that SP mediates the hypoxia-induced sensory excitation in the cat carotid body via NK-1 receptor activation.     

大骨节病区儿童血清硒与硫酸化因子活性关系的初步研究

为进一步阐明大骨节病患儿血清硫酸化因子活性降低的原因,本文在牛关节软骨稳态培养的基础上,加入服硒与未服硒大骨节病患儿血清及正常儿童对照组血清进行培养。培养5天后测定硫酸化因子活性及血清硒的水平。结果表明,服硒后能明显提高血清硒的水平,而血清硫酸化因子活性无改善。初步显示出,服硒不能有效地改善大骨节病区患儿硫酸化因子的活性。