硬膜外穿刺针外套管在腹腔镜小儿斜疝高位结扎术中的应用

目的探讨硬膜外穿刺针外套管在腹腔镜小儿斜疝疝囊高位结扎中的应用价值。方法2003年4月-2006年5月,我院对230例小儿斜疝手术应用硬膜外穿刺针外套管代替雪橇钩针实施腹腔镜疝内环口荷包高位结扎术。结果230例手术均获得成功,手术时间：单侧161例8-10 min,嵌顿疝39例15-20 min,双侧30例16-20 min;术后未见有阴囊水肿及睾血疼痛及缺血坏死。术后随访2-6个月111例,6-12个月52例,12-24个月37例,24-36个月30例,无复发。结论硬膜外刺针外套管可替代小儿疝囊结扎专用的雪橇钩针,简便,经济,适合在所有基层医院推广。     

Performance and comparison of the Cockcroft-Gault and simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formulae in estimating glomerular filtration rate in a Chinese Type 2 diabetic population.

AIMS: Our aim was to assess performances of the Cockcroft-Gault and simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulae in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Chinese diabetic populations and their association with vascular risks. METHODS: A total of 1009 patients with Type 2 diabetes were categorized into low estimated GFR groups (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) and control groups by the two equations. The performances of these formulae were assessed at different stages of kidney function. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy or albuminuria were compared among the groups. The ability of these formulae to identify established vascular risk markers using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also compared. RESULTS: The prevalence of low estimated GFR was 32.7% with the Cockcroft-Gault formula and 5.2% with the MDRD formula, respectively. In low estimated GFR subjects by the MDRD formula, IMT was significantly thicker than those by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (1.2 mm vs. 1.0 mm; P < 0.05), with a higher prevalence of albuminuria (78.4 vs. 52.8%, P < 0.05) and diabetic retinopathy (46.5 vs. 30.5%; P < 0.05). The Cockcroft-Gault formula gave a specificity of 71.7% and a sensitivity of 37.0%, and the MDRD formula gave a specificity of 96.6% and a sensitivity of 7.9% in estimating low GFR relevant for established vascular risks. CONCLUSIONS: These formulae performed differently in Chinese diabetic populations. The simplified MDRD formula is minimally superior to the Cockcroft-Gault formula for its high specificity and positive predictive values in estimating low GFR relevant for vascular risks.     

Analysis on origin and evolution of mumps]

There was a preliminary recognition on mumps during the Qin-Han to Sui-Tang dynasty, laying a foundation for the scholastic development on this topic in later generations. The title of this disease was identified in Song-Jin-Yuan dynasty with gradual deepening on its principle-method-formula-medication system, a great progress of recognition as compared with the previous ages. In the Ming-Qing dynasty, the recognition became even more systematic, with certain breakthrough in the system of principle-method-formula-medication. In modern age, the experiences were inherited and developed to integrate to modern biomedicine, so that the theory and clinical practice become even more perfect.     

慢性丙型肝炎患者α干扰素和α干扰素受体1的检测

目的建立检测外周血单个核细胞α干扰素受体1(IFNAR1)及检测诱导表达α干扰素(IFN-α)的方法,评价慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)细胞免疫功能与α干扰素治疗的关系。方法Poly IC体外刺激正常对照组和慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染组患者PBMC,利用病毒保护试验研究干扰素治疗前后患者PBMC表达的干扰素抗病毒生物学活性差异;IFN-α治疗前后,RT-PCR检测慢性丙型肝炎患者不同干扰素应答组患者PBMC IFNAR1表达的变化。结果对照组PBMC分泌的干扰素活性显著高于慢性丙型肝炎患者应答组患者(P<0.001);干扰素应答组患者PBMC分泌的干扰素活性随治疗时间延长而增加,治疗1个月后显著高于无应答组患者PBMC分泌的干扰素活性(P<0.01),后者始终处于低下水平;IFN-α治疗期间干扰素应答组患者PBMC IFNAR1水平从治疗前的高表达而逐渐减少,正常对照和干扰素无应答组患者PBMC IFNAR1的表达始终较低。结论慢性HCV感染患者的细胞免疫功能受损,不能正常表达IFN-α,但应答组患者经干扰素治疗后IFN-α表达能力逐渐恢复;干扰素无应答组患者PBMC IFNAR1表达受到严重抑制;慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMCIFN-α活性检测及IFNAR1检测结果也许可以作为干扰素治疗预后的判断指标。     

Early uptake of 99mTc-C2A in the acute phase of myocardial infarction as a prognostic indicator for follow-up cardiac dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: The C2A domain of Synaptotagmin I is a molecular probe for the specific imaging of cell death. Here we test the hypothesis that the uptake of 99mTc-C2A in the acute phase of an infarction is associated with cardiac dysfunction in follow-ups. METHODS: The left coronary artery was occluded in Sprague-Dawley rats for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min. 99mTc-C2A was injected intravenously at 2 h of reperfusion. Anterior planar images were acquired with one million counts on a gamma camera 3 h after injection. 99mTc-C2A uptake was calculated as the total counts in the left ventricle region minus blood pool signal. The in-vivo signal detected was correlated with wall motion score index at 1 and 3 weeks follow-ups measured by echocardiography. RESULTS: 99mTc-C2A uptake was higher with increased ischemic time (2244+/-852, 4054+/-1223, and 6178+/-1451 for 10, 20, and 30 min ischemia, analysis of variance P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between 99mTc-C2A uptake and wall motion score index at 1 week (R=0.800, P=0.0006) and 3 weeks (R=0.810, P=0.0008). CONCLUSION: In this ischemia/reperfusion model, 99mTc-C2A uptake in the acute phase was associated with functional abnormality at 1 and 3 weeks. This demonstrates the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of 99mTc-C2A as a novel imaging agent.     

宫腔镜在辅助生殖技术中的应用

目的：探讨宫腔镜检查术在辅助生殖技术中应用的重要性。方法：对150例拟行辅助生殖技术的不育妇女行常规宫腔镜检查。结果：宫腔镜150例中47例（31％）有镜下异常，其中：子宫内膜息肉或息肉样增生18例（12％），子宫内膜单纯性增生17例（11％），子宫畸形7例（5％），宫腔粘连狭窄3例（2％），子宫内膜结核1例（0．7％），子宫黏膜下肌瘤或腺肌瘤1例（0．7％）。以宫腔镜诊断为标准，阴道超声诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率分别为66％（31／47）、98％（101／103）、94％（31／33）、86％（101／117）、88％（132／150），子宫造影分别为26％（12／47）、100％（95／95）、100％（12／12）、73％（95／130）、75％（107／142）。结论：宫腔镜检查术具有良好的可接受性和准确性，应作为辅助生殖技术前的常规检查。     

不同针刺深度对前列腺增生症大鼠重量指数的影响及形态学观察

目的与方法 采用深刺和浅刺对丙酸睾酮所致前列增生症（BPH）大鼠模型进行干预，研究其作用殊同。结果 针刺组前列腺，膀胱指数明显小于模型组；形态学观察，针刺组较模型组增生明显减轻，腺上皮呈单层柱状，腺体数目明显减少，间质充血，钙化明显减轻，结缔组织无增生，腺腔内分泌物减少。深刺组好于浅刺组。结论 深刺对实验性BPH大鼠的干预作用好于浅刺方法。     

高血压病患者动态脉压与左心室肥厚的关系

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the ambulatory pulse pressure and aortic root dimension (AOD) in essential hypertensive patients. METHODS: We monitored the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and applied echocardiography in 107 essential hypertensive patients. Using the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) as an index in evaluating LVH, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 29 cases in the LVH group and 78 in the non-LVH group. RESULTS: The average levels of 24-hour pulse pressure, daytime pulse pressure, nighttime pulse pressure and AOD were significantly different between patients with LVH and without LVH (P < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the changes in nighttime pulse pressure and AOD were closely related to LVMI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The pulse pressure and AOD are important factors leading to LVH in patients with essential hypertension.     

纵隔支气管囊肿CT误诊1例

患者男性,29岁。因体检发现纵隔肿物17天入院。无胸、背痛及胸闷、气促、呼吸困难,无咳嗽、咳痰及咯血。查体:生命体征平稳,双肺呼吸音清晰、未闻及干湿性罗音及胸膜摩擦音。胸透及胸部CT:右后下纵隔类圆形占位,密度较均匀,CT值20~22HU,肿物不随呼吸运动活动。CT诊断:右后下纵隔神经源性良性肿瘤(图1,2)。于全麻下行右后下纵隔肿瘤切除术,病理诊断:(右后下纵隔)支气管源性囊肿。讨论:纵隔支气管囊肿属先天性异常,为前肠囊肿的一种,多见于儿童和青年人。大部分位于气管、支气管周围,多在隆突下和右气管旁。最常见的临床症状是胸痛,无症状…     

早期糖尿病视网膜病变的视网膜电图分析

目的 分析早期糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的闪光视网膜电图(F—ERG)和视网膜电图震荡电位(OPs)各参数的变化特点，寻找反映早期DR的敏感指标。方法 对16例(32只眼)正常人进行OPs和F-ERG检测。对27例(53只眼)糖尿病病人进行眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)、OPs和F—ERG检测。结果 OPs中Os波幅、O4波幅、OPs总波幅及F-ERG中b波峰潜时较其他指标敏感，其中O4波幅和b波峰潜时为最敏感指标，但均不能反映早期DR的严重程度。结论 OPs的O4波幅和F—ERG的b波峰潜时可作为早期糖尿病视网膜病变诊断的敏感指标。