Expression of cancer stem cell markers and their correlation with pathogenesis in vascular tumors

Objective: Vascular tumor, which belongs to a kind of complicated lesion in soft tissue tumor, is derived from mesenchymal tissue. Although many studies have been focused on the pathogenesis of vascular tumors in human, the specific mechanism of the vascular tumors was currently unclear. Previous studies have reported an association of cancer stem cells with the development of tumor in many solid tumors. Thus the purpose of this study was to explore whether different expression level of cancer stem cell markers including CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1 in vascular tumor may help to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of vascular tumor. In present study, tissues of 9 cases of hemangioma, 22 cases of hemangiosarcoma, 3 cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma, and 5 cases of hemangioendothelioma were immunostained for CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1. Of the 39 vascular tumor cases included in the current study, CD29, CD133 and nestin were positive in most vascular tumor cases. Although CD44 and ALDH1 were observed in vascular tumor cases, the percentage of cells staining for the two markers was less than 2% in all cases of vascular tumor. Capillary hemangiomas exhibited significantly higher expression rate of CD29 and nestin compared with malignant vascular tumors and hemangioendotheliomas (P<0.05, Fisher’s exact test), while CD44, CD133 and ALDH1 exhibited no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Pearson correlation analysis exhibited that CD29 expression and nestin expression in vascular tumor were no statistically significant relationship (C=0.288, P=0.063>0.05). Our findings confirmed that the five cancer stem cells markers, including CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1, exhibited different expression levels in vascular tumors and demonstrated that immonhistochemical analysis for cancer stem cells markers may provide useful information for studying the pathogenesis of vascular tumors.     

TH免疫阳性神经成分在大鼠终纹床核的分布

本文在Ju和Swanson有关大鼠终纹床核细胞构筑的最新研究基础上,用ABC免疫组化结合葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-硫酸镍铵呈邑法洋细研究了酪氨酸羟化酶免疫阳性神经成分在大鼠终纹床核的分布,结果如下;1.终纹床核中的酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经元主要集中于前腹区纹旁核和腹核,总数约10个左右的阳性神经元还分布于前背区,后者尚未见文献报道;2.终纹床核各部均有酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经纤维和终支,以前外区和前腹区密度最高,前背区次之,后部较低。结合文献报道得到下述推测;上述酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经元可能为多巴胺能;前外区和前背区的酪氨酸羟化酶阳性纤维可能主要由多巴胺能纤维组成,而前腹区的酪氨酸羟化酶阳性纤维则可能主要为去甲肾上腺素能和肾上腺素能。     

WT-2009方案治疗儿童肾母细胞瘤疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨WT-2009方案治疗儿童肾母细胞瘤的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2013年12月确诊的34例肾母细胞瘤患儿的临床资料,其中2例确诊后死亡,6例放弃治疗,余26例按照儿童肾母细胞瘤化疗方案(WT-2009)进行治疗。采用Kaplan-Meier方法分析患儿预期2年累积总生存率及2年无事件生存率。结果病理分型以预后良好型(包括上皮细胞型、胚芽型和混合型)为主(88%,30/34);首发症状以腹部包块为主(56%,19/34)。26例经WT-2009方案进行治疗的患儿中,CR 24例(92%),PR 1例(4%),PD 1例(4%);治疗过程中仅1例发生严重肺部感染。预期2年累积生存率为100%,2年无事件生存率为89.7%。结论肾母细胞瘤病理类型以预后良好型多见,化疗反应敏感;患儿对WT-2009方案化疗耐受性好,无化疗相关死亡,安全性高。     

Correlation of nasal obstruction with nasal cross-sectional area measured by computed tomography in patients with nasal septal deviation

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction and the corresponding cross-sectional area for nasal airflow in patients with a deviated septum. Methods: Seventy-one patients with a diagnosis of unilateral nasal obstruction due to a deviated nasal septum were evaluated by preoperative computed tomography. Anterior anatomic characteristics (the internal nasal valve angle and the cross-sectional areas at the external nasal valve, the head of the inferior turbinate, and the head of the middle turbinate) and posterior anatomic factors (the cross-sectional areas at the openings of the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and end of the nasal septum) were examined. Associations between the computed tomography measurements and the subjective severity of nasal obstruction were analyzed with a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Anterior and posterior anatomic characteristics were associated with the subjective severity of nasal obstruction. Anterior anatomic factors were related to the VAS scores of patients with anterior septal deviation, and posterior anatomic factors were related to the VAS scores of patients with posterior septal deviation. Conclusions: This study indicated that the anterior and posterior parts of the nasal cavity are both related to nasal obstruction. In some patients, the posterior part of the nasal cavity was more important than other locations in causing nasal obstruction.     

大鼠室旁核内催产素免疫阳性细胞树突棘样结构在脱水状态下的改变

树突棘，室旁核，催产素，脱水，免疫组化，大鼠下丘脑内催产素大细胞神经分泌细胞与水盐代谢的调节有关，并伴有细胞形态的改变如细胞体积的增大及细胞膜与细胞膜间接触的增加和多突触的形成等。本文用免疫组化法发现在脱水状态下室旁核的催产素免疫阳性神经元上树突棘样结构有所增加。光镜观察并计算室旁核前大细胞亚核、内侧大细胞亚核及后大细胞亚核中含树突棘样结构的催产素神经元百分数变化，显示正常大鼠室旁核神经元树突棘样结构多位于树突干上，少数在胞体上。前大细胞亚核含树突棘样结构的细胞百分数为２１．２７％，内侧大细胞亚核为３０．２２％，后大细胞亚核为２０．２２％。轻度脱水大鼠室旁核含树突棘样结构细胞百分数显著增加（前大细胞亚核：２８．６５％，Ｐ＜０．０５；内侧大细胞亚核：３５．５３％，Ｐ＞０．０５；后大细胞亚核：３４．７８％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。细胞上树突棘样结构数也增加，其体积略为增大。重度脱水大鼠室旁核中树突棘样结构细胞百分数增加较小，仅后大细胞亚核内有显著变化（２７．１３％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。不同程度脱水组之间无显著变化。结果说明脱水可引起神经元膜结构的改变。树突棘样结构数变化是否与新突触的形成有直接关系？尚待进一步证实。     

血常规在感染判定的价值

感染性疾病是儿科最常见的疾病之一,是由病原体侵入机体引起的局部组织损伤或全身炎性反应。儿童免疫力低下,病情进展快,需早期诊断及时治疗。各种感染性疾病的临床症状无显著特异性,尤其在早期阶段,而作为诊断金标准的病原学检测,因对检验环境要求高、耗时长、阳性率低及易污染等缺点,不利于早期诊断。血常规是临床上最基本及廉价易行的检验项目,具有操作简单、用时短等优点,主要检测白细胞、红细胞、血小板等血液有形成分的质和量及形态变化,特别是白细胞检测对感染性疾病的早期诊断、鉴别诊断,评估严重程度及治疗效果均具有重要价值,是目前儿科临床诊断感染性疾病的首选辅助检查方法。     

Y染色体微缺失对卵胞质内单精子注射胚胎情况和临床结局的影响

目的:探讨Y染色体微缺失对卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)胚胎形成情况和临床结局的影响。方法:收集22例Y染色体微缺失患者进行的27个ICSI治疗周期(研究组)的胚胎和临床结局资料,另收集同期88例严重少精子症或无精子症非Y染色体微缺失患者的101个ICSI治疗周期(对照组)的相应资料进行回顾性分析;同时比较不同Y染色体微缺失类型患者进行ICSI的胚胎资料和临床结局。结果:研究组和对照组的受精率分别为84.91%与86.30%,卵裂率分别为95.45%与96.79%,优质胚胎率分别为49.35%与45.03%,新鲜周期移植优质胚胎率分别为80.36%与84.80%,临床妊娠率分别为65.22%与60.40%,胚胎着床率分别为41.07%与33.60%,早期流产率分别为0.00%与4.92%,活产率分别为56.52%与55.45%,男婴比例分别为56.25%与47.83%。各观察指标组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。AZFb区部分缺失组2个新鲜胚胎移植周期中有1例获得生化妊娠,但后转阴性;d区部分缺失组及d区和c区部分缺失组各1次新鲜胚胎移植周期且均未获得妊娠;d区部分缺失加c区全部缺失组19个新鲜胚胎移植周期15例获得妊娠且无一例发生流产。结论:Y染色体微缺失对ICSI治疗周期形成的胚胎情况和妊娠结局无显著性影响,但AZFd区部分缺失加c区全部缺失患者配偶临床妊娠机会高于其他类型Y染色体微缺失患者,AZFb区部分缺失病例配偶有妊娠丢失发生。     

唐氏综合征侯选区域1基因在喉咽鳞状细胞癌与癌旁组织中的表达及意义

目的:通过研究喉咽鳞状细胞癌组织与癌旁组织中唐氏综合征侯选区域1(DSCR1)基因的表达,了解其表达与肿瘤临床特征的关系,探讨DSCR1基因对喉咽鳞状细胞癌的生物学行为的影响。方法:免疫组织化学p-V9000法,使用兔抗DSCR1抗体DCT3,检测DSCR1基因蛋白在喉咽鳞状细胞癌与正常癌旁组织中的表达,并将其与临床资料之间进行统计学分析。结果:肿瘤组织中DSCR1基因表达阳性率94.9%,癌旁组织中表达阳性率35.9%,差异有统计学意义(t=23.69,P<0.01);DSCR1基因的表达在不同的病理分化程度、TNM分期差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);DSCR1基因的表达在不同的肿瘤发病年龄、性别、部位、生长方式、淋巴结转移以及吸烟史组均差异无统计学意义。结论:DSCR1基因在喉咽鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展过程中有重要作用,可以影响肿瘤的生物学行为。