神经激肽A免疫反应在哮喘豚鼠脊髓中的定量分析

用免疫细胞化学ＡＢＣ法结合显微图像定量分析，研究了神经激肽Ａ（ＮＫＡ）免疫反应物在哮喘豚鼠脊髓中的分布及其变化。结果表明，ＮＫＡ免疫反应纤维及终末分布于豚鼠Ｃ７～Ｔ５段脊髓后角Ⅰ～Ⅲ层和背外侧索核区，ＮＫＡ样阳性免疫反应物的平均密度在前者为４２．２％，后者为３７．２％；它们的平均灰度值分别为１３４．７和９２．９，与对照组（平均密度分别为２７．２％和２４．９％，平均灰度值分别为１９９．９和１２９．２）比较均有显著性差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些研究结果提示脊髓内ＮＫＡ可能参与了哮喘发作的神经病理生理机制，是其发作的重要因素之一。     

Immunobiology of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily

The proteins of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily are a group of cell-surface receptors critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system. By interacting with their corresponding ligands, these receptors either induce cell death or promote cell survival of immune cells. The number of recognized members of the TNF receptor and ligand superfamily has expanded substantially in the last several years. More important, the biologic function of this group of proteins has been closely associated with the regulation of the immune response and the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Thus, the direct targeting of these receptors by either inducing apoptosis or blocking survival of autoimmune T and B cells may be an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of autoimmune disease. This review summarizes the recent progress in immunobiology of the TNF receptor superfamily and focuses on our studies of three critical family members-FasL/Fas, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL-Rs, and B lymphocyte stimulator(BLyS)/BLyS-Rs--to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting these receptors for the treatment of autoimmune disease.     

乌司他丁对失血性休克大鼠的保护作用及其机制的研究

目的：探讨乌司他丁对失血性休克大鼠的保护作用及其机制。 方法： 采用前瞻对照研究，用Chaudry方法（略作改动）复制大鼠失血性休克模型，60 min后回输血液和生理盐水进行复苏，部分加用乌司他丁治疗。检测不同时相的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的表达水平。 结果： 大鼠失血性休克与复苏后血清TNF-α、IL-6及MDA含量均明显升高，SOD含量减少。用乌司他丁治疗后大鼠的血压、心率明显改善；血清TNF-α、IL-6及MDA含量均明显下降，SOD含量无明显变化。 结论： 乌司他丁通过抑制细胞因子的生成、减少氧化损伤而对失血性休克大鼠起保护作用。     

Effect of beta2-glycoprotein I null mutation on reproductive outcome and antiphospholipid antibody-mediated pregnancy pathology in mice

beta(2)-Glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) is a principal target antigen for antiphospholipid antibodies associated with recurrent pregnancy loss and fetal growth restriction in women. The significance of disrupted beta(2)GPI activity in contributing to pregnancy pathology in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is not clear. In this study the physiological requirement for functional beta(2)GPI in pregnancy was investigated by evaluating reproductive outcomes in beta(2)GPI null mutant (beta(2)GPI-/-) mice. beta(2)GPI-/- mice were fertile and carried viable fetuses to term. However, there was an 18% reduction in the number of viable implantation sites in beta(2)GPI-/- mice and reduced fetal weight and fetal:placental weight ratio in late gestation, suggesting compromised placental function. Placental architecture was altered in beta(2)GPI-/- implantation sites with a 24% increase in the junctional zone: labyrinthine ratio, but placentae showed no evidence of increased thrombosis in the absence of beta(2)GPI. The effect of beta(2)GPI genotype on pregnancy success after passive transfer of human and mouse antibodies reactive with beta(2)GPI was also explored. Two of five anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies induced pregnancy loss in beta(2)GPI+/+ mice but beta(2)GPI-/- mice were refractory to antibody-induced pregnancy failure. We conclude that functional beta(2)GPI is not essential for successful pregnancy in mice, but optimal placental development and fetal growth require this molecule. Together these data are consistent with pathogenic mechanisms in antiphospholipid syndrome involving both neutralization of beta(2)GPI function and beta(2)GPI-immunoglobulin complex formation.     

Protein synthesis inhibition blocks the late-phase LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in rat spinal dorsal horn

Previous studies have demonstrated that in the hippocampus the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) requires de novo protein synthesis. To investigate the role of protein synthesis in the maintenance of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn, which may be relevant to hyperalgesia, protein synthesis inhibitor (either cycloheximide or anisomycin) was applied locally to the recording segments of spinal cord in anesthetized rats, 30 min prior to tetanic stimulation to the sciatic nerve. We found that both cycloheximide and anisomycin selectively inhibited late-phase maintenance of the spinal LTP but affected neither LTP induction nor baseline responses of C-fiber evoked field potentials. In the presence of cycloheximide, LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials was 281.5 +/- 16.5% (n = 6) of baseline 1 h after tetanic stimulation and the potentiation significantly decreased to 235.5 +/- 18.5% at 145 min after tetanic stimulation (P < 0.05). Afterward, LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials decreased continuously and at 270 min after tetanic stimulation reached 130.8 +/- 18.0%, which was no longer different from baseline (P > 0.05). Spinal application of anisomycin at 30 min before tetanic stimulation yielded similar results (n = 6). These results suggest that protein synthesis may be crucial for the late-phase maintenance of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn.     

Graves''''病患者131I治疗前后血清甲状腺激素水平变化

目的:通过检测Graves'病患者131I治疗前后血清甲状腺激素水平的动态变化,探讨甲状腺轴激素在治疗中的临床意义及治疗后机体免疫反应的变化.方法: 92例131I治疗的Graves'病患者,用放射免疫分析测定治疗前及治疗后3个月,6个月,12个月不同时期甲状腺激素水平(FT3,FT4,TSH,TGA,TMA)变化,统计分析测量结果.结果: FT3水平与正常对照组(80组)比较,治疗前及治疗后3个月均升高,6个月和12个月与对照组比较无明显差异(P＞0.05);FT4水平与治疗前比较,治疗后3个月较治疗前下降(P＜0.05);治疗后6个月及12个月明显下降(P＜0.01);TSH与对照组比较,治疗后3个月低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),治疗后6个月升高最明显,12个月又略低于正常对照组.131I治疗前患者血清TGA、TMA阳性率分别38.0%和32.6%,与治疗后阳性率比较,3个月后下降,6个月后升高最明显,12个月后再度下降.结论:动态观察131I治疗前后 Graves'病患者血清FT3,FT4,TSH,TGA,TMA水平变化,对判断疾病疗效,监测机体免疫反应及预后有重要的临床价值.     

应用细胞芯片荧光原位杂交技术检测弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤3q27重排

目的 研究3q27染色体断裂及bcl-6基因扩增与弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL)与其分子分类及治疗效果、临床分期的关系.方法 用细胞芯片荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术对60例DLBCL的标本进行3q27染色体断裂及bcl-6扩增检测;采用免疫组化S-P法在组织微阵列上同步观测CD20、CD10、bcl-6、MUM1的表达,进行生发中心样(germinat center Bcell-like,GCB)和非生发中心样(non-germinal center B-cell-like, non-GCB)分子分类;通过对临床病例的分析得出与治疗效果及临床分期的信息;统计分析以上各因素之间的关系.结果 在60例DLBCL中,GCB占48.3%(29/60),non-GCB占51.7%(31/60).FISH结果显示,3q27断裂阳性15例,bcl-6基因扩增阳性22例.存在3q27染色体断裂的15例中BCL-6蛋白表达阳性3例(20.0%),阴性12例(80.0%),与无3q27染色体断裂者相比其BCL-6蛋白表达率降低(P=0.017).在60例DLBCL中,bcl-6扩增22例,其中GCB 5例(22.7%),non-GCB 17例(77.3%),与无bcl-6扩增者相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.003).在36例经正规CHOP治疗的DLBCL中,bcl-6扩增15例,其治疗效果显效、部分有效、无效分别为4(26.7%)、4(26.7%)、7(46.7%),与无bcl-6扩增的病例比差异有统计学意义(P=0.016).bel-6扩增与BCL-6蛋白表达及I临床分期的关系差异无统计学.BCL-6蛋白表达阳性组、阴性组与治疗效果及临床分期关系差异无统计学意义.结论 存在bel-6基因断裂的病例,其BCL-6蛋白表达率低.存在bcl-6基因扩增的DLBCL多数为non-GCB,并且治疗效果差,临床分期较晚,可能与DLBCL晚期染色体呈多倍体增加的趋势有关.     

慢性癫痫大鼠海马内GABA_A受体γ_2亚单位的改变──原位杂交组织化学研究

将马桑内酯作腹腔注射诱发大鼠慢性癫痫动物模型。然后，对模型动物和对照动物海马组织进行ＧＡＢＡ_Ａ受体γ_２亚单位的原位杂交组织化学研究。结果表明，慢性癫痫动物海马回和齿状回内的ＧＡＢＡＡ受体γ_２亚单位ｍＲＮＡ较对照组明显减少。提示ＧＡＢＡＡ受体γ_２亚单位可能在癫痫发病机理中起一定作用。     

大、中学生对文化维度的知觉

目的:考察大、中学生对文化维度的知觉的情况和发展趋势。方法:用Trandis编制的个人主义-集体主义量表(Individualism-Collectivism Scale)对1760名大、中学生进行测量。结果:大、中学生对文化维度的知觉存在年龄效应;随着年龄增加,对集体主义维度的知觉从42.05%下降到27.40%,而对个人主义维度的知觉从5.01%上升到18.58%;水平维度的知觉从47.06%下降到40.71%;垂直维度的知觉从4.14%上升到6.19%。结论:大、中学生对文化维度的知觉的差异主要表现在个人主义和集体主义的维度,水平维度和垂直维度有轻微的波动。     

Comparison of an automated enzyme immunoassay with a direct fluorescent antibody test and polymerase chain reaction for the detection ofChlamydia trachomatis in diagnostic specimens from male patients

Endourethral swabs and first-pass urine (FPU) samples from 148 male patients were tested forChlamydia trachomatis by an automated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Vidas; bioMérieux, France), a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test (MicroTrak; Syva, USA) and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.Chlamydia trachomatis was considered present if a specimen was positive by at least two methods. This expanded criterion identified 27 patients (18%) as truly infected. One of the PCR methods was most sensitive for both types of specimen. When the recommended cut-off value of Vidas was reduced by 50%, its sensitivity on endourethral swabs was comparable to that of the DFA test, but the DFA test performed better with FPU. In general, FPU was suitable only for PCR.