Transition in cancer patterns among Turks residing in Germany

Cancer mortality among the 2.1 million Turks residing in Germany is assumed to change from a pattern typical for a developing country towards one of an industrialised country. To test this hypothesis, we compared age-standardised cancer mortality rates among Turkish residents and (West) Germans using death registration data. In addition, we assessed proportional cancer incidence ratios among Turkish cases (n=144) in a German population-based cancer registry. All-cancer mortality 1992-1997 (per 100000) was 34.8 (n=4192) among Turkish men (Germans: 72.3) and 21.5 (n=1862) among Turkish women (Germans: 52.4). Over time, gastric and lung cancer mortality increased among Turkish men, as did breast cancer mortality among Turkish women. The proportional cancer incidence (PCIR) for stomach cancer among men was 2.9 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.7-4.8), and that for breast cancer among women was 0.7 (95% CI: 0.4-1.1). Turks had an increased proportional incidence ratio for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Our findings partly support a transition of cancer patterns among Turks in Germany.     

Normothermic rapid volume replacement in traumatic hypovolemia. A prospective analysis using a new device

Inadequate infusion flow rates and hypothermia are significant problems encountered in managing traumatic hemorrhagic shock. The Rapid Solution Administration Set (RSAS) allows normothermic volume restoration at flow rates of up to 2200 mL/min via a single peripheral venipuncture. The RSAS was utilized in 33 consecutive multiple-trauma patients with a mean trauma score (TS) of 6.8. Admission systolic blood pressure averaged 66.9 mm Hg. A mean of 5692 mL of packed red blood cells, 5515 mL of blood products, and 12,052 mL of crystalloid solution per patient was infused within 24 hours of admission mostly via the RSAS. Mortality was 45% at 24 hours following arrival and 61% overall. The mortality was 93.8% (15/16) in patients with a TS of 5 or less and 29.4% (5/17) in patients with a TS over 5. The initial postinfusion patient temperatures averaged 35.2 degrees C. All abnormal preinfusion coagulation values normalized within 24 hours in the survivors, and no significant complications occurred with the use of the RSAS. The RSAS seems to provide an uncomplicated means of normothermic volume replacement. The 24-hour survival in potentially salvageable patients may be improved. Its use in patients with lethal injuries (TS less than or equal to 3) requires further evaluation.     

Cancer survival among children of Turkish descent in Germany 1980–2005: a registry-based analysis

Background  

Little is known about the effect of migrant status on childhood cancer survival. We studied cancer survival among children of Turkish descent in the German Cancer Childhood Registry, one of the largest childhood cancer registries worldwide.     

Wissen für gesunde Lebenswelten: Eine Datenbank zum Praxistransfer von Erkenntnissen aus systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Die Datenbank „Wissen für gesunde Lebenswelten“ wurde durch das GKV-Bündnis für Gesundheit, eine...     

Evidenzbasierung in Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung: Methoden und Vorgehensweisen in 5 Forschungsverbünden

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Von 2014 bis 2022 erforschen die 5 deutschen Forschungsverbünde AEQUIPA, CAPITAL4HEALTH, HLCA, PartKommPlus und SMARTACT...     

Theorie und Praxis der Epidemiologie

Objective/methods

In this literature review, the current discussion about theory and practice of epidemiology as a core science of public health is reflected and a systematic approach of theory is presented.

Results

In principle, scientific and ethical theories have to be distinguished. Causality is a key feature of etiological questions. Scientific theories are subdivided into theories of disease occurrence, models for general definitions of a cause, and criteria to determine causal inference in concrete studies. The multilevel approach of the ecosocial theory integrates biological and social ideas and serves as a basic concept. With regard to public health practice, the ontological perspective favors probabilistic models as compared to deterministic ones, and is accomplished by contrafactuals. From an epistemological perspective, the critical appraisal of Hill’s criteria is presented taking into account bias, confounding, and chance. No criterion is a sine qua non.

Conclusion

Observational studies cannot provide final proof of a cause, but they do inform about the probabilities of association. Practice is dominated by utilitarian ethics, for which there is a need for critical reflection in order to respect minorities and individual health conceptions.     

Erratum zu: Digital Public Health – Rasanter technischer Fortschritt,aber viele offene Public-Health-Fragen

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz -