全文获取类型
收费全文 | 473105篇 |
免费 | 39525篇 |
国内免费 | 30214篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3496篇 |
儿科学 | 6927篇 |
妇产科学 | 5997篇 |
基础医学 | 47849篇 |
口腔科学 | 8665篇 |
临床医学 | 63554篇 |
内科学 | 62844篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4988篇 |
神经病学 | 20237篇 |
特种医学 | 18269篇 |
外国民族医学 | 226篇 |
外科学 | 40012篇 |
综合类 | 92682篇 |
现状与发展 | 89篇 |
一般理论 | 39篇 |
预防医学 | 38552篇 |
眼科学 | 12377篇 |
药学 | 49766篇 |
470篇 | |
中国医学 | 31953篇 |
肿瘤学 | 33852篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1420篇 |
2023年 | 5910篇 |
2022年 | 15430篇 |
2021年 | 19497篇 |
2020年 | 15538篇 |
2019年 | 12308篇 |
2018年 | 12959篇 |
2017年 | 12630篇 |
2016年 | 11621篇 |
2015年 | 18170篇 |
2014年 | 22919篇 |
2013年 | 21632篇 |
2012年 | 32203篇 |
2011年 | 39092篇 |
2010年 | 26500篇 |
2009年 | 21387篇 |
2008年 | 25841篇 |
2007年 | 25214篇 |
2006年 | 24196篇 |
2005年 | 23964篇 |
2004年 | 22583篇 |
2003年 | 21059篇 |
2002年 | 17052篇 |
2001年 | 14057篇 |
2000年 | 11840篇 |
1999年 | 12212篇 |
1998年 | 7797篇 |
1997年 | 7269篇 |
1996年 | 5352篇 |
1995年 | 4917篇 |
1994年 | 4439篇 |
1993年 | 4117篇 |
1992年 | 4132篇 |
1991年 | 3526篇 |
1990年 | 2788篇 |
1989年 | 2368篇 |
1988年 | 1886篇 |
1987年 | 1717篇 |
1986年 | 1454篇 |
1985年 | 906篇 |
1984年 | 509篇 |
1983年 | 358篇 |
1982年 | 209篇 |
1981年 | 233篇 |
1980年 | 169篇 |
1979年 | 222篇 |
1978年 | 120篇 |
1977年 | 114篇 |
1975年 | 91篇 |
1974年 | 90篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Xiaoqing Guo Ji-Eun Seo Xilin Li Nan Mei 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews》2020,23(1):27-50
ABSTRACTGenotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard genotoxicity assays were developed and utilized for risk assessment for over 40 years. Most of these assays are conducted in metabolically incompetent rodent or human cell lines. Deficient in normal metabolism and relying on exogenous metabolic activation systems, the current in vitro genotoxicity assays often have yielded high false positive rates, which trigger unnecessary and costly in vivo studies. Metabolically active cells such as hepatocytes have been recognized as a promising cell model in predicting genotoxicity of carcinogens in vivo. In recent years, significant advances in tissue culture and biological technologies provided new opportunities for using hepatocytes in genetic toxicology. This review encompasses published studies (both in vitro and in vivo) using hepatocytes for genotoxicity assessment. Findings from both standard and newly developed genotoxicity assays are summarized. Various liver cell models used for genotoxicity assessment are described, including the potential application of advanced liver cell models such as 3D spheroids, organoids, and engineered hepatocytes. An integrated strategy, that includes the use of human-based cells with enhanced biological relevance and throughput, and applying the quantitative analysis of data, may provide an approach for future genotoxicity risk assessment. 相似文献
12.
缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作的二级预防指南的新认识 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
李焰生 《国际脑血管病杂志》2006,14(5):321-324
2006年2月,美国卒中协会主办的国际卒中大会和当月出版的Stroke颁布了新的卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)二级预防指南[1,2]。新指南撰写委员会主席、美国哥伦比亚大学Sacco教授强调,与以前的指南[3,4]相比,新指南有了新的改进,它是一个以充分和完整证 相似文献
13.
Meng Qingyue Li Renzhong Cheng Gang 《中国防痨杂志》2003,25(Z1):22-23
INTRODUCTION: The financial responsibility in health sector was decentralizedfrom central and provincial governments to county and township governments. It was argued that a decentralized system without effective transfer payment mechanism has pushed the poverty area to more disadvantaged positions in economic development in general. 相似文献
14.
15.
Bi-Hua BIE Yong CHEN Zhi-Qi ZHAO Institute of Neurobiology Fu-Dan University Shanghai China Institute of Shanghai Physiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China 《中国神经科学杂志》2006,(2)
Objective Ligustrazine, also named as tetramethylpyrazine, is a compound purified from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and has ever been testified to be a calcium antagonist. The present investigation was to determine the antinoci-ceptive effect of ligustrazine and, if any, the peripheral ionic mechanism involved. Methods Paw withdrawal Latency ( PWL) to noxious heating was measured in vivo and whole-cell patch recording was performed on small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Results Intraplantar injection of ligustrazine (0.5 mg in 25μl) significantly prolonged the withdrawal latency of ipsilateral hindpaw to noxious heating in the rat. Ligustrazine not only reversibly inhibited high-voltage gated calcium current of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron in dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 1.89 mmol/L, but also decreased tetrodotoxin (TTX) -resistant sodium current in relatively selective and dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2.49 mmol/L. Conclusion The results suggested that ligustrazine could elevate the threshold of thermal nociception through inhibiting the high-voltage gated calcium current and TTX-resistant sodium current of DRG neuron in the rat. 相似文献
16.
目的 探讨膀胱肿瘤并前列腺增生症患者同期施行膀胱肿瘤切除术和保留尿道粘膜前列腺切除术的可行性.方法 对同期施行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术及保留尿道粘膜前列腺切除术的16例膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析.结果 该组患者均顺利康复,无明显合并症,术后复诊,随访时间2~4年,3例出现肿瘤复发.结论 同期施行膀胱肿瘤切除术和保留尿道粘膜前列腺切除术,安全、效果肯定,值得基层医院推广应用. 相似文献
17.
目的 探讨肺上沟癌的临床特点及放疗疗效和不良反应。方法 回顾性分析 3 3例肺上沟癌住院病人的临床特征和常规放疗的疗效。结果 肺上沟癌占原发性支气管肺癌的 2 9% ,常见症状为 :患侧肩、背和上肢疼痛 ( 78 8% ) ,后 1,2 ,3肋骨或椎骨破坏( 5 7 6% ) ,Horner’s综合征 ( 3 6 7% ) ;少见的症状为 :咳嗽 ( 2 7% ) ,咯血 ( 9% ) ;中位生存期为 8 4月 ;1,3 ,5年生存率分别为 3 5 6% ,12 3 % ,4 6% ;放疗反应可耐受。结论 肺上沟癌相当少见 ,其临床特征基本符合pancoast综合症 ,本病预后差 ,但放疗可缓解疼痛 ,提高生存质量。 相似文献
18.
GIUSEPPE BORIANI MAURO BIFFI MAURIZIO RUSSO† MAURIZIO LUNATI‡ GIANLUCA BOTTO¶ ALESSANDRO PROCLEMER§ GIUSEPPE VERGARA WERNER RAHUE†† CRISTIAN MARTIGNANI RENATO RICCI† MASSIMO SANTINI† On Behalf of the SEARCH MI Registry Italian Investigators 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2006,29(S2):S29-S34
Background: Large randomized trials show that in appropriately selected patients with left ventricular dysfunction, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) can improve overall survival at 2–5 years. Since direct implementation of the criteria used in the MADIT II and SCD-HeFT will lead to a marked rise in ICD implants, there is a growing fear that increased use of ICDs may cause a dramatic burden to health care systems. The ICD has traditionally been seen as an expensive form of treatment, which is difficult to accept at the first look. This is mainly due to the nonlinear character of the ICD investment, characterized by high initial expenditure, followed by a deferred pay-off in terms of clinical benefits. Cost-effectiveness analysis may help provide a different perspective on the problem of ICD cost, as may estimation of the daily cost of ICD treatment, assuming a time horizon of 5–7 years—a particularly interesting subject for further registry studies.
Methods and Results: Based on real expenditure data from 2002 to 2005, as recorded in the Search-MI Registry-Italian Sub-study of patients implanted on MADIT II indications, we estimated the daily costs associated with the device and leads. Over a 5–7 year time horizon, the average daily cost was estimated to be €4.60–€6.70. Translation of these figures into U.S. market conditions suggests a daily cost of around $7.90–$11.40.
Conclusions: These findings appear useful to help evaluate the affordability of ICD in comparison with other therapeutic options in a context of limited available economic resources. 相似文献
Methods and Results: Based on real expenditure data from 2002 to 2005, as recorded in the Search-MI Registry-Italian Sub-study of patients implanted on MADIT II indications, we estimated the daily costs associated with the device and leads. Over a 5–7 year time horizon, the average daily cost was estimated to be €4.60–€6.70. Translation of these figures into U.S. market conditions suggests a daily cost of around $7.90–$11.40.
Conclusions: These findings appear useful to help evaluate the affordability of ICD in comparison with other therapeutic options in a context of limited available economic resources. 相似文献
19.
20.
论我国医患冲突成因及和谐关系构建 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
目前我国医患之间的矛盾与冲突,实质上是新时期我国社会矛盾在卫生工作中的具体表现,反映了社会群体在经济状况、价值取向、角色意识、道德水平、法律法规等多方面的矛盾与冲突。和谐医患关系应是构建我国和谐社会的内容之一。和谐医患关系的构建需要完善的社会医疗保障体系建立、国家卫生行政管理加大、财政补偿合理投入、医疗服务质量提高、医学知识教育普及与提高、媒体理性传播、社会大众道德控制水平提升,法律法规完善等全方位的努力,有赖于医事主体双方及全社会的关注与通力改善。 相似文献