创面信息管理系统:一种标准化的创面信息采集、存储和处理方案

目的 利用新型创面信息管理系统,探讨客观、标准化和便利的创面信息管理方案.方法 选择创面信息采集终端,确定创面信息采集内容,制作相关软件,建立创面信息数据库和创面信息管理系统.在临床应用中评价其效能. 结果 由第3代手机和操作软件共同构成标准化创面信息采集系统,借助终端手机可以从数据库中获取相关信息,包括创面的文字描述、图像及治疗方案等.使用4个月,共录入就诊信息232例次,已自动生成38例患者的完整资料. 结论 该系统能够将创面信息采集标准化并传输储存,适用于医院特别是基层卫生机构,为未来大样本的流行病学调查提供了良好的数据平台.     

Outcomes in patients with Gleason score 8-10 prostate cancer: relation to preoperative PSA level

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? High‐grade prostate cancers are associated with poor disease‐specific outcomes. A proportion of these tumours produce little PSA. This study demonstrates that among Gleason 8–10 prostate cancers, some of the worst survival outcomes are associated with the lowest PSA levels.

OBJECTIVE

• ? To assess outcomes of patients with Gleason score 8–10 prostate cancer (CaP) with a low (≤2.5 ng/mL) vs higher preoperative serum PSA levels.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

• ? From 1983 to 2003, 5544 patients underwent open radical prostatectomy, of whom 354 had a Gleason 8–10 tumour in the prostatectomy specimen.
• ? Patients were stratified according to preoperative PSA level into four strata: ≤2.5 ng/mL (n= 31), 2.6–4 ng/mL (n= 31), 4.1–10 ng/mL (n= 174), and >10 ng/mL (n= 118).
• ? We compared biochemical progression‐free survival (PFS), metastasis‐free survival (MFS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) as a function of preoperative PSA level.

RESULTS

• ? Patients with PSA level ≤2.5 ng/mL were more likely to have seminal vesicle invasion (P= 0.003).
• ? On Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, patients with a PSA level ≤2.5 ng/mL had proportionately worse outcomes than their counterparts with higher PSA levels.
• ? The 7‐year PFS in the PSA ≤2.5 ng/mL stratum was lower than those of the PSA 2.6–4 ng/mL and 4–10 ng/mL strata (36% vs 50 and 42%, respectively); however, the lowest 7‐year PFS was found in those with a PSA level >10 ng/mL (32%, P= 0.02).
• ? Gleason score 8–10 tumours with a PSA level ≤2.5 ng/mL also tended to have the lowest 7‐year MFS (75, 93, 89 and 92% for PSA level ≤2.5, 2.6–4, 4.1–10 and >10 ng/mL, respectively, P= 0.2) and CSS (81, 100, 94 and 90% for PSA level ≤2.5, 2.6–4, 4.1–10 and >10 ng/mL, respectively, P= 0.3), although these differences were not statistically significant.
• ? In the subset with palpable disease, Gleason grade 8–10 disease with PSA level ≤2.5 ng/mL also was associated with a worse prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS

• ? In patients with Gleason grade 8–10 disease, a proportion of these tumours are so poorly differentiated that they produce relatively little PSA.
• ? Patients with high‐grade, low‐PSA tumours had less favourable outcomes than many of those with higher PSA levels.

     

血液透析患者结核菌感染的临床诊治分析

目的 分析维持性血液透析患者感染结核菌的临床特点.方法 回顾分析2008年1月至2010年8月我科12例维持性血液透析并发结核菌感染患者的临床资料、诊治及转归的情况.结果 196例维持性血液透析患者中感染结核菌12例(6％).其中肺结核3例(25％)、结核性胸膜炎4例(33％)、颈部淋巴结核及腹膜后淋巴结核各1例(8％)、部位不明的肺外结核3例(25％).主要症状有发热、乏力、纳差等.结核菌素试验检查9例阴性,3例弱阳性;红细胞沉降率治疗前为(90±28)mm/h,治疗后为(47±18)mm/h,其中4例患者＞100 mm/h;经抗结核治疗后患者红细胞沉降率、血红蛋白水平与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血红蛋白水平也恢复明显(t =2.15,P＜0.05),并且所有患者治疗前、后未见药物不良反应发生.结论 维持性血液透析患者合并结核菌感染临床较为常见,临床症状不典型、多以肺外结核为主,合理抗结核用药及疗程可改善患者的预后.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折适应证的选择及并发症的评估

目的根据经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折的疗效来探讨其适应证的选择,并对其并发症进行评估。方法 2009年5月～2010年3月,72例骨质疏松性胸腰段椎体骨折患者行PKP治疗。所选患者均为单节段椎体骨折,其中T1111例,T1229例,L124例,L28例。术前、术后3 d及末次随访时测量X线片椎体前缘丢失高度及Cobb角;术后X线及CT扫描判断骨水泥在椎体内的分布情况;采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）综合评估手术疗效。结果所有患者随访12～18个月,平均15.8个月,伤椎前缘高度丢失比值由术前（45.8±9.8）%恢复至术后（21.5±5.4）%,手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;随访时为（24.2±5.5）%,与术后相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Cobb角术前28.1°±2.8°恢复至术后19.2°±3.2°,手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;随访时为21.2°±2.7°,与术后相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。VAS评分及ODI术前分别为8.9±0.8、37.4±4.9,术后3 d分别为2.3±0.6、28.2±4.1,手术前后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;随访时分别为2.2±0.6、27.4±4.2,与术后相比差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 PKP安全可靠,近期疗效满意,适用于骨质疏松性胸腰段椎体骨折,适应证主要以骨密度值及椎体压缩形态判定,注射剂量及再骨折风险为并发症评估的重要指标。     

Clinical features of chinese coronary heart disease patients with chronic kidney disease

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by stage in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to identify the clinical features and examine control of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods and results: Clinical data of hospitalized patients were collected by investigators in China. CKD stages were classified according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A total of 2509 participants with CHD were included in the final statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of CKD stage 3 and greater (eGFR of less than 60?mL/min/1.73?m(2)) in the CHD patients was 32.5%. As the CKD stage increased, fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) levels all worsened. As the CKD stage became more severe, CHD patients had comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, periphery arterial disease, and ischemic stroke, and more CHD patients had triple vessel disease increased. Even when patients received treatment of CHD and risk factors, control of cardiovascular risk factors such as SBP, DBP, FBG, and low-density lipoprotein was worsened as CKD stage became more severe over a 6-week follow-up. Conclusions: The data suggested a high prevalence of CKD in Chinese patients with CHD. Many conventional risk factors and comorbidities were correlated with high prevalence of CKD in CHD patients. Control of cardiovascular risk factors in those patients was poor.     

Shortening fasting time of children after pharyngolaryngeal operation under general anesthesia: feasibility study

目的 探讨咽喉部患儿全身麻醉术后适宜的禁食时间,促进患儿术后恢复.方法 将102例择期咽喉部全麻手术患儿(3～14岁)随机分为观察组(53例)和对照组(49例).观察组在患儿意识清醒且吞咽功能恢复的前提下2h后开始进食,先饮少量凉开水,如无误吸现象可进纯奶油冰洪淋或流质;对照组按照常规护理,即患儿麻醉清醒6h后开始进食.比较两组患儿术后6h、24h疼痛、恶心、呕吐、口渴、饥饿等不适发生率.结果 观察组患儿术后6h疼痛、恶心、口渴、饥饿不适症状发生率显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 早期进食能有效缓解咽喉部患儿全麻术后的不适症状,有利于患儿尽快恢复.     

Impact of ‘soul mate service' on health-related knowledge and satisfaction in patients with coronary heart disease

目的 探讨知心护理服务干预对冠心病患者健康知识及满意度的影响.方法 将170例冠心病患者接收治病区分为对照组和干预组各85例.对照组利用健康教育宣传手册按照健康教育护理临床路径表对患者进行健康教育;干预组在此基础上,注重护士礼仪及专业知识培训,实施知心护理服务:包括设立知心小教员,利用知心小语吧及金色阳光俱乐部开展健康教育.分别于入院时、出院时、出院后3个月调查患者健康知识知晓情况,出院时调查患者满意率.结果 出院时及出院后3个月干预组患者冠心病健康教育知识知晓率显著高于对照组,干预组患者满意率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 知心护理服务干预能提高患者冠心病相关知识的知晓率,同时可有效提高患者对护理工作的满意度.     

Misdiagnosis of an atypical cyclops lesion 4 years after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Development of a cyclops lesion is a well described complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It commonly results in gradual extension loss during the early postoperative course, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the soft tissue nodule attached to the ACL graft is needed. Cyclops lesions are easy to diagnose based on the symptoms and MRI findings. Previous study showed that 78.6% of cyclops lesions had extension loss within 6 weeks postoperatively, and the diagnosis of 92.8% cases of cyclops lesions was established within 6 months.This article describes a case of misdiagnosis of a cyclops lesion 4 years after ACL reconstruction as a meniscal lesion combined with a meniscal cyst. The patient was asymptomatic for 4 years and then presented with a locked left knee and pain at the inferior pole of the patella during an attempt to gently extend the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lateral meniscal cyst. The knee locking was released suddenly 2 days preoperatively. The authors had attributed the missed diagnosis to an atypical history and symptoms and an associated meniscal cyst.The purpose of this article is to help prevent misdiagnosis of atypical cyclops lesions. Cyclops lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with gradual or sudden loss of extension after ACL reconstruction, regardless of how much time has passed postoperatively.     

Intermediate clinical outcome of Bryan Cervical Disc replacement for degenerative disk disease and its effect on adjacent segment disks

The purpose of this study was to determine the intermediate clinical and radiographic outcomes of Bryan Cervical Disc (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc, Memphis, Tennessee) replacement for the treatment of cervical degenerative disk disease and its effect on adjacent levels. Between November 2004 and December 2007, thirty-four patients (38 disks) underwent Bryan Cervical Disc replacement in the authors' hospital. The authors retrospectively analyzed the records of 32 patients who completed follow-up. Outcome data were collected preoperatively; at 3, 12, 24 months postoperatively; and at last follow-up, which ranged from 32 to 69 months (average, 49.4 months). Clinical outcome, radiographic outcome, adjacent segment degeneration, complications, and reoperations were evaluated. The SF-36 physical component, SF-36 mental component, Neck Disability Index, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and neck/arm pain visual analog pain scale scores were all improved significantly at each postoperative time point compared with preoperative values (P<.05), but no statistically significant differences were noted between postoperative time points (P>.05). The postoperative flexion-extension range of motion of the operative site and adjacent segments were not significantly different from the preoperative values (P>.05) and were approximately the same for each postoperative time point (P>.05). A new degeneration scoring system demonstrated that approximately 23% of the adjacent levels displayed mild degeneration at last follow-up. However, degeneration did not affect the clinical outcomes. Prosthesis-related complications were rare, and no reoperations were performed. Bryan Cervical Disc replacement achieves satisfactory mid-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. The authors observed the progression of adjacent segment degeneration postoperatively, although no degradation of clinical outcomes occurred.