Serial CT findings of Paragonimus infested dogs and the Micro-CT findings of the worm cysts.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serial CT findings of Paragonimus westermani infected dogs and the microscopic structures of the worm cysts using Micro-CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the committee on animal research at our institution. Fifteen dogs infected with P. westermani underwent serial contrast-enhanced CT scans at pre-infection, after 10 days of infection, and monthly thereafter until six months for determining the radiologic-pathologic correlation. Three dogs (one dog each time) were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. After fixation of the lungs, both multi-detector CT and Micro-CT were performed for examining the worm cysts. RESULTS: The initial findings were pleural effusion and/or subpleural ground-glass opacities or linear opacities at day 10. At day 30, subpleural and peribronchial nodules appeared with hydropneumothorax and abdominal or chest wall air bubbles. Cavitary change and bronchial dilatation began to be seen on CT scan at day 30 and this was mostly seen together with mediastinal lymphadenopathy at day 60. Thereafter, subpleural ground-glass opacities and nodules with or without cavitary changes were persistently observed until day 180. After cavitary change of the nodules, the migratory features of the subpleural or peribronchial nodules were seen on all the serial CT scans. Micro-CT showed that the cyst wall contained dilated interconnected tubular structures, which had communications with the cavity and the adjacent distal bronchus. CONCLUSION: The CT findings of paragonimiasis depend on the migratory stage of the worms. The worm cyst can have numerous interconnected tubular channels within its own wall and these channels have connections with the cavity and the adjacent distal bronchus.     

The use of the facial translocation technique in the management of tumors of the paranasal sinuses and skull base.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the efficacy of facial translocation in the management of tumors of the skull base and paranasal sinuses. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: From July 1993 to December 1999, 75 patients, aged 3 to 102 years old, underwent facial translocation. Thirty-three (44%) patients also underwent a combined neurosurgical procedure. Nineteen (25%) had previous surgery. These patients were followed up to 6 years. RESULTS: There were 21 benign and 54 malignant tumors. There were no perioperative deaths. The morbidity rate was 31%. Of the 54 patients with malignant tumors, the actuarial 3-year survival rate was 59%, whereas the local control rate was 54%. CONCLUSION: The facial translocation technique offers favorable exposure of the critical zones of the anterior and middle cranial base, thus facilitating extensive resection and reconstruction. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that facial translocation is one of the best surgical approaches to the skull base.     

Cutaneous Metastasis From Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland is very rare. OBJECTIVE: To present an unusual case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. METHODS: A 63-year-old woman with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the abdomen and a gradually enlarged mass over the right parotid area was examined. A skin biopsy was taken from one of the abdominal nodules. RESULT: Skin biopsy demonstrated the characteristic histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. A subsequent computerized tomography of the head and neck revealed a huge soft tissue mass involving the right parotid gland. Computerized tomography of the chest revealed extensive nodular pleural thickening, and pleural biopsy also showed typical histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. All of these results are consistent with the diagnosis of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland with disseminated metastases. CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. The presentation of cutaneous metastasis is often nonspecific and may mimic benign lesions. Subcutaneous nodules that are rapidly developing or eruptive, are rapidly growing and have stony hardness in nature, have pain or tenderness, and have nonhealing ulceration remind us of the possibility of cutaneous metastases. Dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons should keep the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis in mind and always perform skin biopsy when encountering these lesions.     

MRI在颅内生殖细胞瘤诊断中的作用

目的：探讨MRI对颅内生殖细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法：对19例经手术和病理证实的颅内生殖细胞瘤患者的MR表现进行分析。结果：19例中，10例位于鞍区，其中男性5例，女性5例，6例位于松果体区，3例位于丘脑基底节区，均男性，其MR表现为（1）T2WI等或稍低信号，T2WI等或销高信号，鞍区和松果体区肿瘤无水肿，丘脑基底节区肿瘤轻至中度水肿和占位效应；（2）Gd-DTPA增强扫描肿瘤呈不均匀或均匀明显强化。结论：MRI的多轴位成像及Gd-DTPA应用有助于颅内生殖细胞瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断；病人性别，发病年龄和肿瘤部位，大小、形态及信号强度具有一定的特点，在多数情况下是可以做出术前诊断的。     

生物活性陶瓷与细胞外基质骨形成对Ca、P、ALP影响

目的：通过钙(Ca)、磷(P)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)评价，探讨生物活性陶瓷及细胞外基质与骨细胞相互作用机理，为骨替代材料成骨效应提供依据。方法：选用多种材料进行蒸馏水及血浆接触，体外成骨细胞培养及体内骨诱导试验。采用原子吸收，钼蓝比色及速率法分析化学性能，血浆、细胞冻溶液及组织匀浆中Ca、P、ALP的变化规律。结果：材料组体内、外接触Ca、P、ALP值高于对照组。细胞外基质复合材料组高于相应的非复合材料组。TGF-β1加材料高于BMP复合材料组，而不同材料有所不同，TCP材料高于其它材料。结论：生物活性陶瓷材料均有不同程度的Ca、P离子释放，细胞外基质及Ca、P离子可提高成骨细胞活性，异位骨形成及ALP活性。     

左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻一期切除吻合的合理性与评价

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻一期切除吻合的合理性与评价。方法 回顾性分析我院1994年2月期间至2003年2月采用一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻64例的l临床资料。结果 全组患者无死亡及腹腔感染。7例（10．9％）发生切口感染，3例（4．7％）发生吻合口漏，均治愈。住院时间10～36d，平均16d。结论 部分经选择的病例中开展一期切除吻合术是安全、可行的，选择性应用一期切除吻合术是治疗左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的理想术式。     

Differential risks of subsequent vascular events for transient ischaemic attack and minor ischaemic stroke.

Using a prospective hospital-based registry, 146 patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were compared with 376 patients with minor first-ever ischaemic stroke with respect to the 3-month risk of subsequent vascular events, in order to clarify the distinctions between the disease entities. All patients were enrolled within 48 h of onset. The risk factor distribution for the two groups was comparable, except that the TIA patients had more previous TIAs. Large artery atherosclerosis (34%) and small vessel occlusion (32%) were the main aetiologies in the TIA group, whereas small vessel occlusion (49%) was the major cause in the stroke group. The 3-month risk of combined endpoints of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death for TIA patients was higher than that for the minor stroke group (15.1% vs. 3.2%; hazard ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval 2.3-9.3 in multivariate analysis). Large artery atherosclerosis and male sex were the other significant predictors. TIA may demand more urgent management than minor stroke. The fact that aetiology is a predictor, highlights the need for rapid diagnostic tests to establish pathogenesis.