葛花、枳椇子及其配伍对小鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨葛花、枳椇子及其配伍对急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤的改善作用,为进一步开展葛花、枳椇子及其配伍防治酒精致多脏器损伤奠定基础。方法 采用多次灌胃给予56%红星二锅头白酒（15 mL·kg^-1）建立小鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤模型,将120只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、奥美拉唑组（0.026 g·kg^-1）、葛花-枳椇子（配伍）高、中、低剂量组（29.2、14.6、7.3 g·kg^-1）、葛花组（19.5 g·kg^-1）、枳椇子组（19.5 g·kg^-1）共8个组,每组15只,动物适应性喂养1周后,按10 mL·kg^-1预给相应药物3 d,从第4天开始,给药1 h后按15 mL·kg^-1灌胃二锅头白酒,空白组给予相同体积去离子水,记录小鼠醉酒和醒酒时间,连续给药给酒3 d,末次给药1 h后摘眼球处死;气相色谱仪测定各组小鼠血清中乙醇体积分数,紫外-可见分光光度计检测各组小鼠胃黏膜中乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）活性;苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察胃黏膜病理变化;酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测各组小鼠血清中炎症因子含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）p65和NF-κB抑制蛋白α（IκBα）mRNA表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量升高（P<0.05）,胃黏膜组织NF-κB p65 mRNA表达升高（P<0.01）,IκBα mRNA表达降低（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,奥美拉唑组、配伍高、中剂量组、葛花组醉酒时间延长（P<0.05）,配伍高、中剂量组醒酒时间缩短（P<0.05）,配伍高剂量组血清中乙醇体积分数降低（P<0.05）,奥美拉唑组、配伍高、中剂量组胃黏膜中ADH活性升高（P<0.05）,配伍各剂量组、葛花组肉眼损伤评分降低（P<0.05）,奥美拉唑组、配伍各剂量组、葛花组病理损伤评分降低（P<0.01）,各给药组血清中IL-6表达降低（P<0.05）,奥美拉唑组、配伍各剂量组、枳椇子组血清中IL-1β表达降低（P<0.05）,配伍高、中剂量组血清中TNF-α表达降低（P<0.05）,各给药组胃黏膜组织NF-κB p65 mRNA表达降低（P<0.05）,奥美拉唑组、配伍各剂量组胃黏膜组织IκBα mRNA表达增加（P<0.05）;与高剂量组比较,配伍低剂量组与枳椇子组醉酒时间缩短（P<0.01）,葛花、枳椇子组醒酒时间延长（P<0.01）,配伍中、低剂量组、葛花组、枳椇子组血清中乙醇体积分数升高（P<0.05）,配伍中、低剂量组、枳椇子组肉眼损伤积分增加（P<0.05）,配伍中、低剂量组、葛花组、枳椇子组病理损伤积分增加（P<0.01）,配伍低剂量组、葛花组、枳椇子组血清中IL-1β含量升高（P<0.01）,葛花组与枳椇子组胃黏膜组织IκBα mRNA表达量降低（P<0.05）;与配伍中剂量组比较,枳椇子组醉酒时间缩短（P<0.05）,葛花组醒酒时间延长（P<0.05）,葛花组、枳椇子组病理损伤积分增加（P<0.01）,配伍低剂量组、葛花组、枳椇子组血清中IL-1β含量升高（P<0.05）;与配伍低剂量组比较,枳椇子组病理损伤积分增加（P<0.05）。结论 葛花、枳椇子及其配伍能起到对小鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤的防治作用,可能与抑制胃黏膜NF-κB信号通路的表达有关,且配伍高剂量组药效最佳。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者提前肝素化的疗效评价及风险观察

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者提前肝素化的疗效及风险。方法选取2019年5月至2020年5月我院收治的160例STEMI患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组各80例。治疗组给予提前肝素化PCI术治疗,对照组给予常规肝素化PCI术治疗。比较两组的TIMI血流分级、不良事件发生率以及治疗前后的症状评分、 LVEF。结果术后,治疗组的TIMI血流0~1级率低于对照组,3级率高于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗后,两组的症状评分均低于治疗前,LVEF水平均高于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗组的症状评分低于对照组,LVEF水平高于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗组的不良事件发生率低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 PCI术提前肝素化可以提高灌注效果,有效缓解STEMI患者的病情,改善患者心功能,改善预后,且具有较高的安全性。     

长效可逆避孕措施在人工流产后即刻实施的效果评价

目的探究长效可逆避孕措施在人工流产后即刻实施的效果。方法从2017年7月-2018年7月,抽选在广州市增城区妇幼保健院行人工流产女性1200例,按照随机数字表法分为常规组(612例)和强化干预组(588例)。常规组给予常规流产后关爱(PAC)服务,强化干预组在常规PAC服务的基础上采用长效可逆避孕措施。对比两组长效可逆避孕措施使用情况、重复人工流产率以及避孕措施的持续时间情况。结果强化干预组的高效避孕措施使用率比常规组更高,同时重复人工流产率比常规组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);强化干预组长效可逆避孕措施LARC(IUS/IUD)避孕术后6个月、1年使用率明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);复方口服避孕药优思悦(COC)避孕术后3个月、6个月、1年的使用率比常规组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人工流产后即刻实施长效可逆避孕措施,可提升高效避孕措施的使用率,减少意外妊娠及再次人工流产的几率,值得推广。     

Correction to: Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia

The study of sex differences in hyperuricemia can provide not only a theoretical basis for this clinical phenomenon but also new therapeutic targets for urate-lowering therapy. In the current study, we aimed to confirm that estradiol can promote intestinal ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) expression to increase urate excretion through the PI3K/Akt pathway. The estradiol levels of hyperuricemia/gout patients and healthy controls were compared, and a hyperuricemia mouse model was used to observe the urate-lowering effect of estradiol and the changes in ABCG2 expression in the kidney and intestine. In vivo and in vitro intestinal urate transport models were established to verify the urate transport function regulated by estradiol. The molecular pathway by which estradiol regulates ABCG2 expression in intestinal cells was explored. The estradiol level of hyperuricemia/gout patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. Administering estradiol benzoate (EB) to both male hyperuricemic mice and female mice after removing the ovaries confirmed the urate-lowering effect of estradiol, and hyperuricemia and estradiol upregulated the expression of intestinal ABCG2. Estradiol has been confirmed to promote urate transport by upregulating ABCG2 expression in intestinal urate excretion models in vivo and in vitro. Estradiol regulates the expression of intestinal ABCG2 through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our study revealed that estradiol regulates intestinal ABCG2 through the PI3K/Akt pathway to promote urate excretion, thereby reducing serum urate levels.     

Radioprotective Effect of Whey Hydrolysate Peptides against γ-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases, but it can also cause serious damage to the body, so it is necessary to find effective nutritional supplements. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of whey hydrolysate peptides (WHPs) against ⁶⁰Coγ radiation damage in mice and explore the mechanism. BALB/c mice were given WHPs by oral gavage administration for 14 days. Then, some mice underwent a 30-day survival test after 8 Gy radiation, and other mice received 3.5 Gy radiation to analyze the changes in body weight, hematology and bone marrow DNA after three and 14 days. In addition, through further analysis of the level of oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, the possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of WHPs was explored. The study found WHPs can prolong survival time, restore body weight, and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and bone marrow DNA content in irradiated mice. In addition, WHPs can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that WHPs have a certain radioprotective effect in mice, and the main mechanism is related to reducing oxidative damage.     

Analysis of the Effects of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Habits on Depression in Korean Adults

While several studies have explored nutrient intake and dietary habits associated with depression, few studies have reflected recent trends and demographic factors. Therefore, we examined how nutrient intake and eating habits are associated with depression, according to gender and age. We performed simple and multiple regressions using nationally representative samples of 10,106 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results indicated that cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium, frequency of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and eating out were significantly associated with depression (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, depression was associated with nutrient intake and dietary habits by gender and age group: sugar, breakfast, lunch, and eating out frequency in the young women’s group; sodium and lunch frequency among middle-age men; dietary fibers, breakfast, and eating out frequency among middle-age women; energy, moisture, carbohydrate, lunch, and dinner frequency in late middle-age men; breakfast and lunch frequency among late middle-age women; vitamin A, carotene, lunch, and eating out frequency among older age men; and fat, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and eating out frequency among the older age women’s group (p-value < 0.05). This study can be used to establish dietary strategies for depression prevention, considering gender and age.     

Matcha Green Tea Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses

Lately, matcha green tea has gained popularity as a beverage and food additive. It has proved to be effective in preventing obesity and related metabolic syndromes. However, the underlying mechanisms of its control effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are complicated and remain elusive. In the present study, we performed an in vivo experiment using male C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet and simultaneously treated with matcha for six weeks. Serum biochemical parameters, histological changes, lipid accumulation, inflammatory cytokines, and relevant indicators were examined. Dietary supplementation of matcha effectively prevented excessive accumulation of visceral and hepatic lipid, elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abnormal liver function, and steatosis hepatitis. RNA sequencing analyses of differentially expressed genes in liver samples indicated that matcha treatment decreased the activity of lipid droplet-associated proteins and increased the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, suggesting improved metabolic capacity and liver function. The current study provided evidence for new dietary strategies based on matcha supplementation to ameliorate lipotoxicity-induced obesity and NALFD.     

Oral Administration of Ginger-Derived Lipid Nanoparticles and Dmt1 siRNA Potentiates the Effect of Dietary Iron Restriction and Mitigates Pre-Existing Iron Overload in Hamp KO Mice

Intestinal iron transport requires an iron importer (Dmt1) and an iron exporter (Fpn1). The hormone hepcidin regulates iron absorption by modulating Fpn1 protein levels on the basolateral surface of duodenal enterocytes. In the genetic, iron-loading disorder hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), hepcidin production is low and Fpn1 protein expression is elevated. High Fpn1-mediated iron export depletes intracellular iron, causing a paradoxical increase in Dmt1-mediated iron import. Increased activity of both transporters causes excessive iron absorption, thus initiating body iron loading. Logically then, silencing of intestinal Dmt1 or Fpn1 could be an effective therapeutic intervention in HH. It was previously established that Dmt1 knock down prevented iron-loading in weanling Hamp (encoding hepcidin) KO mice (modeling type 2B HH). Here, we tested the hypothesis that Dmt1 silencing combined with dietary iron restriction (which may be recommended for HH patients) will mitigate iron loading once already established. Accordingly, adult Hamp KO mice were switched to a low-iron (LFe) diet and (non-toxic) folic acid-coupled, ginger nanoparticle-derived lipid vectors (FA-GDLVs) were used to deliver negative-control (NC) or Dmt1 siRNA by oral, intragastric gavage daily for 21 days. The LFe diet reduced body iron burden, and experimental interventions potentiated iron losses. For example, Dmt1 siRNA treatment suppressed duodenal Dmt1 mRNA expression (by ~50%) and reduced serum and liver non-heme iron levels (by ~60% and >85%, respectively). Interestingly, some iron-related parameters were repressed similarly by FA-GDLVs carrying either siRNA, including ⁵⁹Fe (as FeCl₃) absorption (~20% lower), pancreatic non-heme iron (reduced by ~65%), and serum ferritin (decreased 40–50%). Ginger may thus contain bioactive lipids that also influence iron homeostasis. In conclusion, the combinatorial approach of FA-GDLV and Dmt1 siRNA treatment, with dietary iron restriction, mitigated pre-existing iron overload in a murine model of HH.     

Gestational Women’s Perceptions About the Harms of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use During Pregnancy

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine differences between perceived harm of cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use while pregnant and differences between healthcare providers’ communication about these products during pregnancy.

Methods

A convenience sample of gestational women (n?=?218; ages 18–45) living in the US completed an online survey between May and December 2017. Participants reported perceived likelihood of adverse health outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome) among infants/children born to mothers who used cigarettes/e-cigarettes. T-tests and two-way ANOVAs examined differences between risk perceptions of using cigarettes/e-cigarettes while pregnant based on pregnancy status (previously pregnant, currently pregnant, future pregnant). Chi-square analyses examined differences between healthcare provider communication about cigarette/e-cigarette use during pregnancy.

Results

Overall, participants believed adverse health outcomes were significantly more likely to be caused by maternal use of cigarettes than e-cigarettes. Participants who planned to be pregnant reported higher endorsement that smoking combustible cigarettes would cause a miscarriage (p?<?.05) or increased blood pressure (p?<?.05) for a child than currently pregnant participants. Participants reported healthcare providers asked about (p?<?.05), advised them not to use (p?<?.001), and talked to them about health effects of smoking combustible cigarettes while pregnant (p?<?.001) significantly more than e-cigarettes.

Conclusions for Practice

Healthcare providers working with pregnant women should perform the 5As behavioral intervention method to provide pregnant women with tobacco cessation care. They should also discuss the absolute harm nicotine exposure (via cigarettes or e-cigarettes) can have on fetal health and development.

     

Evaluating the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D among patients with haemophilia

The European Journal of Health Economics - The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D, and to compare their performance among patients living with...