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Neurologic Evaluation of Infant and Adult Rats before and after Sciatic Nerve Blockade

Background: Only limited data exist comparing differences in sensory function and responses to neural blockade in infant and adult rats. Therefore, the authors sought (1) to compare baseline thermal, proprioceptive, and postural responses in infant, adolescent, and adult rats; and (2) to compare the effects of sciatic nerve blockade on thermal, proprioceptive, and postural responses in infant, adolescent, and adult rats.

Methods: Infant, adolescent, and adult rats were evaluated for proprioceptive, thermal, and mechanical nociceptive and motor function before and after sciatic blockade using a detailed neurologic examination.

Results: Mechanical and thermal nociception were present in all rats, starting from age 1 day. The withdrawal reflex latency to pinch was rapid at all ages, whereas that reaction to thermal stimulus depended on both age and temperature. In contrast, the tactile placing response and hopping response were absent at birth and developed completely during the first 10 days of life. The extensor postural thrust was absent in the first 2 weeks of life and developed variably during the first 50 days of life. Sciatic blockade duration is shorter in infant rats than in adult rats receiving the same dose per kilogram. A brief halothane general anesthetic at the time of sciatic injection in infant or adult rats does not alter the duration of blockade.     

Penetration of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria into host skin.

The anterior part of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria is a specialized head organ which can slightly stretch out and retract. There are three different types of large unicellular glands in cercarial body, consisting of one head gland, 2 pairs of pre- and 3 pairs of postacetabular glands. These glands differ in position, gross feature, histochemistry and functions. Both polysaccharase and protease activities are demonstrated in the secretions from these glands. Mode of cercarial penetration is described in detail and the penetration is effected by a combination of lytic secretions and mechanical movements. The schematic representation of the process of cercarial penetration is presented. The dynamic distributions of schistosomula in skin at different time intervals after skin penetration in various mammalian hosts are shown. Some newly transformed schistosomula die while penetrating into the skin of 7 mammalian species and the mortality rate varies with the host species, and that can also be affected by the age of cercariae following emergence from the snail. Some physiological aspects between cercariae and newly transformed schistosomula are compared. In contrast to cercariae, schistosomula are saline-adapted and water-intolerant. They were modified histochemically and antigenically.

     

临床输液监控系统的设计

本文针对临床输液过程中出现的漏、停、输液速度改变等各种问题，讨论了一由单台微机和多个单片机通讯实现的多床输液自动监控、自动反应、自动报答系统的可行性，并给出了主要部分的硬件、软件设计方法。     

Should every patient undergo cardiac catheterization after myocardial infarction?

During the past few decades, management of patients with myocardial infarction has dramatically evolved. High-risk patients are now identified by a variety of noninvasive tests, and aggressive use of reperfusion strategies has improved clinical outcomes. Despite the benefits of reperfusion, only a few patients are eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy. Mortality rates among patients excluded from thrombolytic trials (15% to 20%) have been far greater than those eligible for treatment (3% to 10%). Because most deaths occur within the first few days of infarction, interventions designed to reduce mortality should be performed acutely. Immediate catheterization allows identification of high-risk anatomy that may benefit from surgery and allows coronary angioplasty to be performed as a reperfusion strategy (when appropriate). Furthermore, catheterization allows documentation of ejection fraction, vessel patency, number of diseased vessels, and residual stenosis, all of which have been predictive of prognosis. Conversely, frequently repeated noninvasive diagnostic tests are associated with increased cost, are generally performed in low-risk patients, and 60% to 80% of patients with myocardial infarction ultimately require catheterization anyway. It is possible that early catheterization and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty when indicated may effectively risk stratify patients (eliminating the need for noninvasive testing), may reduce morbidity and mortality, and shorten the length of hospital stay.