如何增强高职学生对思想政治课的兴趣

中等专业学校学生重视专业课,而淡化非专业课程,尤其对政治课不感兴趣。兴趣是最好的教师,学生学习兴趣是构成学习动机中最现实、最活跃的成分,对于提高学习效果、智力发展、能力培养及教学质量的全面提高有着巨大的作用。1创设情境,激发学习热情思想政治学科,向学生传授的是马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的基本观点、基本方法,以及党和国家在现阶段的路线、方针、政策等。因其理论性较强,故有其严肃性、枯燥性的一面。如若教师没有真挚情感的投入,照本宣科,依葫芦画瓢,则必然出现“听者昏昏然”的局面,学生的学习情绪必然陷于低谷,这种…     

Immunohistochemical differentiation of atypical hyperplasia vs. carcinoma in situ of the breast.

The distinction between atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ in breast lesions can be difficult. The identification of myoepithelial cell layers may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis of proliferative breast disease vs. intraepithelial neoplasia. We reviewed pathologic material on 20 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 29 cases of carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical stains were employed against muscle-specific actin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin to identify myoepithelial cells and to recognize different staining patterns. In atypical hyperplasia, muscle-specific actin staining identified myoepithelial cells in fine branching fibrovascular layers or as scattered cells between other proliferating cells. This pattern was absent in carcinoma in situ. S-100 protein showed more positive staining in atypical hyperplasia than in carcinoma in situ with patterns distinct from muscle-specific actin. Immunostaining for cytokeratin demonstrated distinctly different patterns between the two lesions. This study suggests that muscle-specific actin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin in combination may assist in distinguishing proliferative breast disease with atypia from carcinoma in situ.     

Secretion of human hepatitis B virus is inhibited by the imino sugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin.

The imino sugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NBDNJ) is a potent inhibitor of the oligosaccharide-trimming enzyme alpha-glucosidase I. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains three surface proteins (HBs proteins) of different sizes that are singly or doubly N-glycosylated and are essential for the formation of infectious virus. Therefore, the replication and secretion of HBV in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 were studied in the presence of NBDNJ. In the stably HBV-transfected HepG 2.2.15 cells and in HBV-infected HepG2 cells, NBDNJ suppressed secretion of HBV particles and caused intracellular retention of HBV DNA. The secretion of subviral particles was less affected. These data suggest that inhibitors of oligosaccharide trimming may be useful for antiviral therapy of hepatitis B and for the study of the intracellular transport of the viral glycoproteins.     

结直肠癌中雄激素受体及其与临床病理学特征关系的研究

应用放射性配基结合分析法，检测了４０例结直肠癌及部分癌旁正常粘膜组织中的雄激素受体（ＡｎｄｒｏｇｅｎＲｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ，ＡＲ），同时分析了ＡＲ水平与临床病理学变化的关系。证实结直肠癌ＡＲ数目（３３．７±２３．３ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白）明显低于癌旁５ｃｍ以外粘膜（５３．９±３２．４ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白），Ｐ＜０．０１，而其亲和力则无变化；结直肠癌时ＡＲ数目变化与女性、直肠癌、高分化癌及早期癌关系密切。提示ＡＲ与结直肠癌关系密切，本实验为临床上结直肠癌的诊断及内分泌治疗提供了初步资料。     

癌胚抗原及粘液组织化学在胃癌中表达的研究

对60例胃癌进行了粘液组织化学和癌胚抗原免疫组织化学研究。结果表明:胃癌发病率肠型和胃肠混合型占多数。60例胃癌中含大肠型粘液者占50例,而单纯含胃型粘液为极少数。癌胚抗原分布方式,肠型胃癌与胃肠混合型胃癌比较无显著差异性(P>0.05)。癌胚抗原的阳性率,胃肠混合型胃癌高于肠型胃癌,两者之间有非常显著差别(P<0.01)。认为选用能显示硫粘蛋白和氧乙酰基唾液酸粘蛋白的粘液组织化学方法,作为胃癌组织分型和确定胃粘膜肠化性质,对癌前病变诊断有一定价值。     

Differential effect of interleukin 1 on naive and memory CD4+ T cells.

Freshly derived murine CD4+ T cells are divided into naive and memory cells based on the expression of CD45 isoforms. Cross-linking the T cell receptor CD3 complex either by plastic-bound anti-CD3 antibodies or the antibody presented on non-lymphoid Fc gamma receptor type II-positive Chinese hamster ovary cells in absence of competent antigen-presenting cells fails to activate naive cells to either secrete cytokines or to proliferate. In contrast, memory cells secrete their characteristic cytokines [interleukin (IL) 2, IL4, and interferon-gamma] and show significant proliferation to this stimulus. IL 1 however, is required for their optimal clonal expansion. Differential expression of IL 1 receptor mRNA in memory cells also correlate with their responsiveness to IL 1. Thus, these data reveal a basic difference in the requirements for activation of naive and memory CD4+ T cells.     

南京口岸1987—1993年艾滋病监测报告

本文报道了南京卫生检疫局1987～1993连续7年对南京口岸重点人群进行艾滋病监测的情况．7年来南京局共监测各类标本43085份，在外籍留学生中检出HIV感染者2例，另外还检出4份进口人血丙种球旦白HIV抗体阳性．该局对检出的2侧HIV感染者及4份阳性进口人血丙种球旦白进行了游行病学调查和处理．并对艾滋病监测管理的有关问题进行了探讨．     

卡巴胆碱对多器官功能障碍综合征小鼠脏器功能和结构的保护作用

目的:观察卡巴胆碱(carbachol,Car)对酵母多糖致多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)小鼠多脏器功能和结构损伤的防护作用。方法:采用腹腔注射酵母多糖的方法复制小鼠MODS模型。雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=10),MODS 6、24、48 h组(n=30)和MODS Car 6、24、48 h防治组(n=30)。MODS组在致伤后腹腔注入生理盐水;MODS Car防治组在致伤前24 h内分3次灌胃注入卡巴胆碱。观察酵母多糖致伤后早期(48h内)动物死亡率,检测各组血丙氨酸转氨酶活性、尿素氮和肌酐水平,镜下观察致伤后48 h动物肝、肺、肾、心等脏器的组织病理学改变。结果:在酵母多糖致伤后48h内,MODS组小鼠死亡率达26.6%,MODS Car防治组的小鼠死亡率为10.0%。MODS组小鼠血浆ALT、BUN和Cr在伤后6h升高,而同时间点经卡巴胆碱预处理的小鼠血浆ALT、BUN和Cr仅略有升高,明显低于MODS组。光镜下观察发现,MODS组小鼠肝脏、肺脏、肾脏和心脏发生明显的病理改变,主要表现为脏器实质细胞浊肿、变性,间质充血、水肿和炎性细胞浸润,而卡巴胆碱防治组小鼠上述病变明显减轻。结论:预防性给予卡巴胆碱可以降低MODS急性期动物的死亡率,减轻脏器功能和结构的损伤,对急性炎症期的脏器损伤具有保护作用。     

核苷类衍生物的合成

以尿嘧啶核苷和HIV-逆转录酶抑制剂扎西他宾为先导化合物,对其5-羟基进行磷酸化修饰,然后以磷原子为桥,引入各种氨基酸酯及取代苯环,从而试图克服这类药物对核苷激酶的依赖性,提高药物的生物活性,降低药物对细胞的毒性,以此为设计思路合成了7个新的核苷类衍生物,其结构经IR,1HNMR,13CNMR,MS分析确定.