A case of testicular tunica albuginea cyst with psammoma body

Cystic testicular masses have been considered rare but due to advances in ultrasonographic technologies their incidence has risen. Many testicular cystic masses are benign but there is a chance of malignancy. Psammoma bodies are found in various malignancies that occur in the genital tract of women but rarely in men. We report a case of testicular tunica albuginea cyst with psammoma bodies.     

TURP术后远期排尿困难的原因及再治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)术后远期(术后半年以上)排尿困难的原因,同时探讨再治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析29例TURP术后远期出现排尿困难患者的临床资料及治疗方法.结果 术后发生腺体残留复发6例,尿道狭窄9例(其中尿道外口狭窄3例,膀胱颈挛缩6例),逼尿肌功能障碍12例,前列腺癌2例.所有患者经相应治疗,疗效确切.结论 腺体残留、尿道狭窄、逼尿肌功能障碍和前列腺癌是TURP术后远期排尿困难的主要原因.针对病因采取个体化治疗是治疗TURP术后远期排尿困难的有效方式.     

ICU护理工作量相关因素调查分析

目的探讨ICU护理工作量的影响因素,为护理管理者合理安排护理人力提供实证依据。方法采用护理活动评估量表对ICU 120例患者的护理工作量进行测评,对不同特征患者及不同班次的护理工作量进行比较分析。结果患者预后、是否手术及科室来源对ICU护理工作量有显著影响,白班护理工作量显著大于夜班(P0.05,P0.01)。结论死亡、非手术、内科患者及白班护理工作量相对较大,应针对上述特征调配ICU护理人力资源。     

非骨水泥长柄假体结合同种异体颗粒骨植骨在股骨翻修骨缺损重建中的应用

目的 回顾性分析股骨髓内同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥长柄假体在髋关节翻修术中股骨侧骨缺损修复应用的近期临床效果.方法 2003年7月至2009年6月对27例股骨侧骨缺损患者采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨,其中男性15例,女性12例,年龄47～78岁,平均67岁.失败原因:骨溶解、无菌性松动20例,全髋关节置换术后假体周围感染二期翻修7例.按Paprosky分型标准,Ⅱ型骨缺损3例,Ⅲ型骨缺损2l例,Ⅳ型骨缺损3例.术中均采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨、非骨水泥翻修柄植入.定期随访复查,包括临床、影像学评估,观察假体有无松动、下沉,植入骨活化替代情况以及假体周围骨折等并发症.Harris评分术前平均43分(37～62分).结果 23例患者获得随访,随访时间3～47个月,平均26.4个月.术后末次随访时.Harris评分平均83分(67～97分).术中2例发生股骨大转子骨折,无一例发生术后假体周围骨折等并发症.1例术后发生关节脱位,1例发生深静脉血栓,1例术后2周发生急性感染,经扩创、置管冲洗、抗感染治疗成功保留假体;发生异位骨化1例,Brooker Ⅰ级.影像学所有患者股骨柄中置,无内翻或外翻,随访期内无一例发生股骨柄移位(内翻或外翻角度变化>3°).23例患者显示至少Ⅰ区股骨髓内移植骨与周围骨或与股骨柄整合.4例发生股骨柄假体下沉,平均下沉3.3 mm(2～6 mm).结论 股骨侧翻修中,良好的股骨髓内同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合合适的非骨水泥延长柄股骨假体,可以修复关节置换术后各种原因所导致股骨骨缺损、重建股骨完整性,具有很好的近期临床疗效.但中远期临床效果尚待进一步观察.     

股骨皮质骨开窗技术在髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨前外侧皮质骨开窗技术在髋关节翻修术中取出股骨远端稳定固定骨水泥的价值.方法 2005年5月至2009年6月,共14例(14髋)因各种原因致髋关节置换术后失败患者接受全髋关节翻修手术.其中男性10例,女性4例,年龄54～75岁,平均66岁.翻修原因为股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损5例、全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨溶解并松动6例、骨水泥柄股骨近端骨溶解柄断裂1例、髋臼骨溶解假体松动翻修同时行股骨柄翻修1例,感染后二期翻修时远端骨水泥取出困难1例.14例(14髋)股骨柄均为骨水泥同定.术中按术前计划开窗部位、开窗范围于股骨皮质骨开一长方形骨窗.通过骨窗直视下彻底清除髓腔内稳定固定的骨水泥,修整股骨髓腔.植入翻修柄后将皮质骨开窗骨瓣原位回植,双股钢丝捆绑固定.术后定期随访拍摄x线片.观察皮质骨开窗骨瓣与周围骨愈合情况、骨瓣有无移位、股骨柄有无下沉以及有无捆绑钢丝断裂等.结果 10例患者术后获得随访,平均随访时间24.6个月.股骨皮质骨开窗长度2.5～6.0 cm,平均3.4 cm,宽度0.8～1.4 cm,平均1.2 cm.股骨开窗远端以远部分发生纵形劈裂骨折1例.无术中皮质骨穿孔及股骨干骨折.向远段扩大开窗1例,扩大长度1.5 cm.开窗部位皮质骨骨瓣原位回植选择2～3道双股钢丝固定,平均2.3道.随访期间2例发牛假体柄下沉(平均2.5 mm),无皮质骨瓣移位以及捆绑钢丝断裂,术后3～5个月皮质骨瓣已于周围骨纤维愈合.随访期间无一例因各种原因致再次翻修.结论 股骨皮质骨开窗技术在髋关节翻修术中有助于直视下彻底取出股骨髓腔远端稳定固定的骨水泥,同时不会造成股骨骨丢失、不影响翻修柄植入后的稳定固定.     

护士夜班奖金激励作用调查分析

目的了解护士对现行夜班奖金制的态度,为改进激励机制、提高护士工作满意度提供参考。方法对44名轮值夜班护士采用自行设计的夜班护士奖金激励满意度调查表进行调查。结果6个项目中根据满意度高低排前3位的依次为得到客观公平的报酬、能满足自身对薪酬的期望值及能体现自身的价值;夜班奖金为40元/班次时护士均选择≤8次/月,夜班奖金为120元/班次时11名(25.00%)选择≥10次/月;夜班奖金为120元/班次时婚姻状态对夜班频数无显著性影响(P0.05)。结论现行夜班奖金制不足以激励护士选择多上夜班,护士更看重的是合理的夜班频数。护理管理者应适度安排护士的夜班频次,注重物质奖励与精神奖励相结合,以激励护士的工作积极性。     

两种不同移植物重建膝前交叉韧带的临床疗效比较

[目的]探讨自体髌腱与深低温冷冻同种异体髌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效差异。[方法]72例ACL断裂患者于术前应用电脑随机抽样方法分为两组:A组36例为自体髌腱组,B组36例为单纯深低温冷冻保存同种异体髌腱组。两组病例均由同一术者采用标准关节镜技术完成前交叉韧带重建。通过一般情况比较、轴移试验、Lachman试验、Daniel单腿水平跳跃试验、IKDC评分、Lysholm-Tegner运动水平评分及KT-2000检测评价临床疗效。[结果]70例患者获得随访,平均随访时间A组(36例)39.5个月、B组(34例)36.3个月,2例失访。A组发生术中髌骨骨折1例、术后髌前痛2例,B组出现迟发感染1例。A组平均手术时间较B组长,术后发热天数较B组短。两组住院时间无差异。A、B两组轴移试验、Lachman试验及KT-2000检测的差异无统计学意义。A、B两组ACL重建失败率分别为8%、9%,差异无统计学意义。两组间Daniel单腿水平跳跃试验、IKDC评分及Lysholm-Tegner运动水平评分的差异无统计学差异。[结论]单纯深低温冷冻同种异体髌腱与自体髌腱相比较,重建前交叉韧带的术后短期疗效接近,可作为自体移植物重建前交叉韧带的一个良好的移植替代物。     

A three-dimensional bioprinting system for use with a hydrogel-based biomaterial and printing parameter characterization

Bioprinting is an emerging technology for constructing tissue or bioartificial organs with complex three-dimensional (3D) structures. It provides high-precision spatial shape forming ability on a larger scale than conventional tissue engineering methods, and simultaneous multiple components composition ability. Bioprinting utilizes a computer-controlled 3D printer mechanism for 3D biological structure construction. To implement minimal pattern width in a hydrogel-based bioprinting system, a study on printing characteristics was performed by varying printer control parameters. The experimental results showed that printing pattern width depends on associated printer control parameters such as printing flow rate, nozzle diameter, and nozzle velocity. The system under development showed acceptable feasibility of potential use for accurate printing pattern implementation in tissue engineering applications and is another example of novel techniques for regenerative medicine based on computer-aided biofabrication system.     

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy: experience of 300 cases

Background

We report on patients selected for minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) over a 3-year period and evaluate the feasibility and effects of this procedure.

Methods

Between March 2005 and August 2008, 300 patients (36 male, 264 female; mean age = 54.6 years) underwent MIVAT using a single central incision with an average length of 2 cm (range = 1.5–3 cm), about 2 cm above the sternal notch. Small conventional retractors and dissectors, ultrasonic scalpel, 5-mm laparoscope, and a video screen were the instruments used.

Results

General anesthesia was used in 295 patients and regional block anesthesia in 5. MIVAT was performed successfully in 280 patients (93.3%). Conversion to open thyroidectomy with a 4-cm-long incision was required to achieve selective lymphadenectomy in 18 patients after frozen sections demonstrated differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Only two patients with benign thyroid nodules were converted because of large volume or massive hemorrhage from the upper pole vessels. Mean operative time was 35 min (range = 20–70 min) for unilateral lobectomy and 58 min (35–90 min) for bilateral thyroidectomy. No patients had wound infections, postoperative bleeding that required reoperation, permanent hypoparathyroidism, or bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. However, permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy appeared in five cases (1.7%), transient unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in seven (2.3%), superior laryngeal nerve injury in five (1.7%), transient hypocalcemia in nine (3.0%), and mild skin burn from the ultrasonic scalpel in five (1.7%). Postoperative pain was minimal and better cosmetic results were obtained than conventional open thyroidectomy. Postoperative stay was shorter than with conventional open thyroidectomy.

Conclusions

MIVAT appears to be safe and feasible in patients with benign thyroid nodules, with minimal injury and excellent cosmetic results. Furthermore, after properly lengthening the skin incision, MIVAT can be used for patients with large benign thyroid nodules or even early–stage differentiated thyroid carcinoma.     

Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for T2 Gallbladder Cancer Following Surgical Resection

Background

Depth of tumor invasion is an important prognostic factor for gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological prognostic factors of T2 gallbladder cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data and survival for 83 patients with T2 gallbladder cancers who underwent surgical resection between January 1995 and December 2007.

Results

The overall survival rates were 48.9% at 3 years and 29.3% at 5 years. Univariate analysis revealed that R0 resection (P?<?0.001), extended surgery (P?=?0.028), lymph node dissection (P?=?0.024), non-infiltrative tumors (P?=?0.001), well differentiation (P?=?0.001), absence of lymphatic (P?=?0.025), perineural (P?=?0.001), and vascular (P?=?0.025) invasion, absence of lymph node metastasis (P?=?0.001), negative resection margin (P?=?0.016), and stage (P?=?0.002) were significantly better predictors for survival. A significant difference in survival between Rx and R1 was not found. R0 resection, lymph node dissection, well differentiation, and absence of perineural and vascular invasion were significantly independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Recurrence occurred in 48 patients (57.8%). Age older than 65 years, R0 resection, non-infiltrative tumors, and good differentiation were significant independent predictors of disease-free survival by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

For T2 tumors, radical surgery including lymph node dissection should be performed to achieve R0 resection. Tumors with infiltrative types and suspicious lymph node metastasis in the intraoperative findings were candidates for aggressive surgical management to improve patient survival.