青藏铁路建设人员职业危害及防治措施研究

目的观察高原环境对青藏铁路参建者健康的影响,为高原地区卫生保障工作提供科学依据。方法应用现况调查和前瞻性调查方法,对109429名建设人员职业危害情况和采取的预防措施进行分析。结果2001-2004年青藏铁路建设人员109429人中,共发生559例肺水肿;294例脑水肿。2002年参建人员工后血常规改变、心电图改变、血压改变、尿常规改变和肝功改变检出率均高于工中,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2003年参建人员工后检查指标除尿常规未见显著性变化外,血常规、心电图、血压、和肝功能改变检出率均高于工中,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。按月份的发病情况进行统计结果显示肺水肿和脑水肿的发病率均以4月份发病率最高,9月份末最低,4月份的发病率明显高于其他月份,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论青藏高原环境恶劣,存在多种职业有害因素,对建设人员的危害严重。研究制定切实可行的防治措施可以明显减轻职业危害,保障建设者的安全健康。     

煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道产金属内酰胺酶铜绿假单胞菌感染状况

目的了解煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道产金属内酰胺酶的铜绿假单胞菌(PA)的感染状况及其耐药特性。方法分离下呼吸道感染的煤工尘肺患者痰液标本中的PA，根据药敏试验，筛选可疑产金属内酰胺酶PA，最后依据2-巯基丙酸双纸片法鉴定产金属内酰胺酶PA。结果40株PA中共筛选出10株可疑PA，最终确定产金属内酰胺酶PA6株。这些菌株均有很强的耐药性，对亚胺培南、头孢菌素、含酶抑制剂类抗菌药物全部耐药；对阿米卡星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素等药物部分耐药。产金属内酰胺酶PA的耐药性远强于不产金属内酰胺酶的PA。结论产金属内酰胺酶PA的耐药性很强，应加强煤工尘肺患者产金属内酰胺酶PA的检测，以利于指导治疗和控制感染。     

乌鲁木齐市2000-2004年法定传染病报告质量调查分析

目的为了及时准确地掌握各类传染病的漏报情况，为制订传染病防治策略提供理论依据。方法每年对区、市、系统、乡级医疗机构疫情报告情况进行调查，计算漏报率。结果共调查传染病患者4069例，漏报130例．总平均漏报率为3．19％。年漏报率最低为0．53％；最高为10．39％。漏报病种最高为细菌性痢疾和病毒性肝炎．分别占总漏报数的53．85％和26．15％。结论领导重视、提高业务人员的能力和基层防保队伍的建设，是传染病疫情报告和管理工作顺利开展的保证。     

大连口岸出国劳务人员疾病监测结果分析

[目的]了解出国劳务人员中传染病感染情况，为口岸疾病监测工作提供科学依据。[方法]对大连口岸13902名各类出国劳务人员按照《国际旅行健康检查证明书》逐项进行临床检查和实验室检验。[结果]检出各类疾病2742例，检出率为19．72％。其中传染性疾病548例，占病例总数的19．99％；非传染性疾病2194例，占病例总数的80．01％。[结论]出国劳务人员是国际旅行者中的特殊群体，由于长期的集体生活，极易患各种疾病，尤其是传染性疾病。应加强对出国劳务人员的传染病监测体检，并对劳务人员的健康状况进行评估，使他们了解自己的健康状况，防患于未然，提高自我保护意识，有效控制传染病在国内、国际间的传播。     

宫颈开口监测仪器的研制

介绍一种新研制成功的宫颈开口监测仪器,该仪器是基于单片机系统的、全中文操作界面的、便携式仪器.从工程上解决了对产妇宫颈开口那样一种特殊环境下,特殊生理位置的实时监测问题.     

近距离放射治疗仪和适形调强放疗机的探讨

放疗仪器是利用电离辐射对肿瘤进行治疗的装置;近距离放疗仪器是指将封装好的放射源经人体腔道放在肿瘤体附近或表面,或是将细针管插植于肿瘤体内导入射线源实施照射的放疗技术.通过改变射束剖面强度分布,达到形状适形和剂量适形,叫做调强适形放疗技术.     

耳穴疗法治疗老人失眠症之临床研究

目的:尝试利用科学性之方法探讨耳穴磁疗对老人失眠症之效果.方法:120位60岁或以上之老年患者,随机分配入三组.第一组及第二组为对照组,分别贴有灯芯或王不留行籽(不加压);第三组为实验组,贴有每粒含66高斯之磁珠(不加压).为针对老年患者常见之脏腑功能衰弱而致失眠,各人均选取相同之穴位:神门、心、肾、肝、脾、皮质下及枕,疗程共3周.结果:疗程完毕后,使用磁珠作耳疗之实验组于治疗前后的睡眠效果指数有明显之改进(P＜0.05),显效17%,有效为65%,总有效率为82%.此外,利用多元回归之反向淘汱法分析女性参加者之数据,发现利用磁珠作耳疗及参加者年龄对预测睡眠效果指数达显著水准(F3,106=9.04,P＜0.001,R2=0.20).结论:耳穴磁疗能有效地改善老人失眠症.     

Epitopes of human brain acetylcholinesterase

The main purpose of the present work was to identify B-cell epitopes on human brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by the synthetic peptide approach. Five hundred and seventy-four decapeptides comprising amino acids No. n to n+9 (where n denotes the residue number of the 583 amino acids in the primary structure of human brain AChE and is an integer in the range 1-574) were synthesized, using the multipin combinatorial chemical synthesis technique, and biotinylated. Epitopes of human brain AChE were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with the predicted epitopes of human AChE by 'Goldkey' software. Among 574 synthetic decapeptides, 47 decapeptides at 11 antigenic regions showed immunoreactivity with mouse anti-human brain AChE polyclonal antibodies. The minimum sequence of epitope was defined at every antigenic region explored. The locations and sequences of the former ten continuous epitopes at the 11 antigenic regions of the human brain AChE had been identified as follows: TPVLVWIY (112-119), RTVLVSMNY (143-151), LLDQRLALQW (173-182), RRATQLAH (246-253), VFRFSFVPV (294 approximately 302), KDEGSYFLVY (332-341), RVYA (424-427), LMRY (476-479), KAPQWPPY (496-503), GLRAQACAFW (523-532). The rate of hits of the predicted epitopes from the software came out at 33%. In our work, the epitopes of human AChE have been mapped by purified polyclonal antibody at eleven distinct sites in the primary structure.     

CoQ10 fails to protect brain against focal and global ischemia in rats

OBJECTIVE: Release of oxygen free radicals occurs following cerebral ischemia. Studies show that oxygen free radicals mediate ischemic brain injury. CoQ10 is a potent free radical scavenger and may offset brain injury associated with reperfusion. We tested exogeneous CoQ10 as a neuroprotectant in rats following both global and focal ischemic insults. METHODS: Rats were subjected to either 4-vessel occlusion ischemia (4-VO, 10 min occlusion, 7-day survival) or middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, 120 min-occlusion, 22.5 h survival). Regional cerebral blood flows (rCBF) and physiological variables such as blood pressure, pO2, pCO2, plasma glucose and hematocrit were monitored and measured in focal ischemia. The animals were randomized to receive treatments of either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) vehicle or CoQ10 following global or focal ischemia. Injection times were at the end of ischemia and 3 h later for both models of ischemia. Histological outcomes are expressed as a percentage of hippocampal CA(1) cell injury in global ischemia or percentage of cortical infarct over that of non-ischemic hemisphere in focal ischemia. RESULTS: In global ischemia, animals treated with PBS vehicle and CoQ10 had 86+/-5% (n=8) and 83+/-10% (n=8), respectively, of hippocampal CA(1) cell injury (P>0.05). The percentage of infarct volumes in animals following focal ischemia were 23+/-9% (control, n=10) and 25+/-9% (CoQ10, n=10). There were no temperature or physiological differences between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Acute treatment with CoQ10 via intraperitoneal injection does not prevent neuronal injuries following global and focal ischemia.