中医药院校的知识管理战略

知识管理是在20世纪90年代提出的.目前它正成为世界性管理理论与实践中的一个热门前沿探索领域.高等院校知识管理的成功与否,将成为衡量一个国家或地区教育现代化进程的标志,是21世纪教育的生命线.为此,中医药院校应认真研究知识管理,充分利用知识管理.这是提高国际竞争力和智力资本,图生存、谋发展的必由之路.     

Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor expression in head and neck cancer: relationship to tumor hypoxia.

PURPOSE: Erythropoietin, an oxygen-regulated glycoprotein hormone, is a hematopoietic cytokine that stimulates erythropoiesis by binding to its cellular receptor [erythropoietin receptor (EPOR)]. The recombinant form of human erythropoietin is used to prevent or treat anemia in cancer patients. However, in a recent randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving patients receiving curative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, erythropoietin treatment was associated with poorer locoregional progression-free survival. The purpose of our study was to determine whether EPOR and its ligand erythropoietin are expressed in primary head and neck cancer. We also investigated the hypothesis that erythropoietin expression in malignant cells may be associated with the presence of tumor hypoxia, an important factor involved in resistance to radiation treatment, tumor aggressiveness, and poor prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-one patients received an i.v. infusion of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole hydrochloride before multiple tumor biopsies. Contiguous sections from 74 biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for EPOR and erythropoietin expression and pimonidazole binding. RESULTS: EPOR expression was present in tumor cells in 97% of the biopsies. Coexpression of erythropoietin was observed in 90% of biopsies. Erythropoietin and pimonidazole adduct staining did not always colocalize within tumors, but there was a significant positive correlation between levels of microregional erythropoietin expression and pimonidazole binding. CONCLUSIONS: The coexpression of erythropoietin and EPOR in tumor cells suggests that erythropoietin may potentially function as an autocrine or paracrine factor in head and neck cancer. The expression of the hypoxia-inducible protein erythropoietin in tumor cells correlates with levels of tumor hypoxia.     

Mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor is a predictive and prognostic factor for gefitinib treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can be used to predict the tumor response of patients receiving gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the association between mutations in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain and tumor response and survival in gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 were analyzed by DNA sequencing of paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients. The results were correlated with clinical variables. RESULTS: EGFR mutations were found in 61.1% (33 of 54) of cases; response rate and disease control rate were 56.8% and 68.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in mutation rates between adenocarcinoma (29 of 43) and nonadenocarcinoma (4 of 11; P = 0.085). However, all four nonadenocarcinomas with EGFR mutations had no response to gefitinib. Presence of EGFR mutations was the only independent predictor for disease control (P = 0.003) and tumor response (P = 0.017) in multivariate analysis; positive predictive values were 87.9% and 70.8% and negative predictive values were 61.9% and 69.2%, respectively. In comparison with patients whose tumor was negative for EGFR mutations, patients with EGFR mutations had better progression-free survival (median, 7.6 versus 1.7 months; P = 0.011) and overall survival (median, 14.7 versus 4.7 months; P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in EGFR tyrosine kinase correlate with treatment response and survival in gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients and can be used as a predictive and prognostic factor. Thus, analysis of EGFR tyrosine kinase mutations in lung adenocarcinoma is of clinical significance, as it can permit the customization of treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.     

宫颈癌患者外周血树突状细胞的体外扩增和鉴定

 目的 探索体外扩增宫颈癌患者外周血来源的成熟树突状细胞(denelritic cell，DC)的方法，并鉴定DC的形态、结构、表型及生物学活性。方法 淋巴细胞分离液分离宫颈癌患者外周血，得到DC前体细胞(PBMC)，以(3M-CSF、IL-4、TNF-α诱导培养。用光镜和透射电镜观察形态结构，流式细胞仪检测细胞表面特异性分子，MTT法测定DC刺激T细胞增殖的活性。结果 联合应用细胞因子可诱导扩增出源自宫颈癌患者外周血的成熟DC，具有典型形态特征，较高表达HLA-DR、CD1a、CD80，能强烈激发同种异体T细胞增殖反应。结论 宫颈癌患者外周血体外培养可成功获得成熟的DC，为开展宫颈癌临床免疫治疗奠定了基础。     

肾恶性纤维组织细胞瘤误诊1例报告

1资料 患者男性,49岁,主诉腰疼1个月,在当地B超怀疑"双肾肿物"于2003年1月10日收入院.患者自发病以来无发热,血尿等.入院查体:双肾区无异常隆起,右肾区轻度压痛.影像学检查:B超所见右肾外侧中部一低回声实性占位,大小约3.9cm×3.9cm×3.8cm,边界不整齐,内部回声不均;左肾下极一囊实性肿物,回声不均,大小4.1cm×2.9cm×2.8cm.拟诊双肾癌.     

婴儿双歧杆菌/胞嘧啶脱氨酶肿瘤靶向性基因治疗系统的构建(英文)

目的构建婴儿双歧杆菌/胞嘧啶脱氨酶靶向性基因治疗系统。方法 PCR 扩增 CD 基因,EcoR Ⅰ,BamH Ⅰ对 CD 基因和 pGEX-1LamdaT 质粒同时进行双酶切,获得4.9 kb、1.3 kh 两个 DNA 片段。T4 DNA 连接酶连接这两个片段构建重组的CD/pGEX-1LamdaT 质粒,然后用电穿孔法将重组质粒转染婴儿双歧杆菌。从阳性转染的婴儿双歧杆菌中提取重组质粒,双酶切后检测切取片段长度,采用 Sanger 双脱氧链终止法对提取的重组质粒中的插入片段进行测序。结果从阳性转染的婴儿双歧杆菌中获得了6.2 kb大小的重组质粒,该质粒经双酶切后,得到了4.9 kb 和1.3 kb 两个长度的片段,其长度分别与 pGEX-1LambdaT 及 CD 基因的长度相同。测序结果显示,提取的重组质粒中插入的基因片段全长及核苷酸序列与 CD 基因完全相同。结论外源性 CD 基因被准确插入 pGEX-1LambdaT 质粒并转入婴儿双歧杆菌中,婴儿双歧杆菌/胞嘧啶脱氨酶靶向性基因治疗系统被成功构建。     

在实践中不断完善GAP法规

本文回顾了GAP认证的产生背景及进展,回顾了我国实施GAP认证的目的及必然性,对如何完善GAP认证及给予政策扶持、鼓励企业实施GAP提出了一点建议。     

加味骨结核散治疗骨及关节骨结核3例临床报告

临床资料病 例1，薛某某，女，67岁，农民，吉林柳河县人。1999年12月18日，其儿带x线、CT、MRI来我所就诊。其儿述：患者现已截瘫，双下肢无知觉，不能亲自就诊。少食少饮，体质消瘦明显，二便不通，痛苦面容。经省级医院确诊脊髓瘤转移，放弃治疗，出院回家。X线、CT、MRI片显示：T7、8椎体骨质破坏明显，椎间隙消失，椎管内可见骨碎片，椎体周围冷脓肿形成。电话问诊：患者神清言明，高烧，乏力，盗汗，食欲减退，大小便不能自行排出，偶尔胸闷，咽干口渴，身热，背部疼痛较重。     

氟伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾组织病理改变的影响

目的：观察氟伐他汀对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏病理形态改变的影响。方法：建立雄性SD大鼠糖尿病模型，随机分为正常对照组（A组）、糖尿病模型组（B组）、氟伐他汀治疗组（C组），分别于4、6周末称体重，收集各组大鼠24小时尿液、血清及肾脏组织标本，测定血胆固醇、甘油三脂、尿白蛋白．肾重／体重比值，并在普通光镜及电镜下对肾组织进行形态学观察。结果：B组大鼠血胆固醇、甘油三脂、尿白蛋白、肾重／体重比值均明显高于同期A组，C组较B组明显下降（P〈0．05）；肾脏组织形态学观察B组银染区及PAS红染区明显扩大，基底膜不规则增厚，足突部分融合，系膜区基质增多，C组较B组减轻。结论：氟伐他汀可能通过降脂、减轻肾脏病理改变发挥肾脏保护作用。