胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗不稳定性Pilon骨折的生物力学研究

目的探讨胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗不稳定性Pilon骨折的生物力学性能。方法将7具新鲜湿润的成人踝关节标本随机分为四组,1具标本作为正常对照组(N组);其余6具均造成胫骨远端不稳定性Pilon骨折,分成3组,每组2具标本,分别采用胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板(A组)、三叶草钢板(B组)、重建钢板固定(C组),后两组为对照组,测试各组的远端轴向强度、刚度,扭转生物力学性能,胫距关节面接触特征。结果 A组在胫骨远端不稳定性Pilon骨折的远端轴向强度、刚度,扭转生物力学性能以及胫距关节面接触特征上接近N组(P0.05),优于B、C组(P0.05)。结论胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗不稳定性Pilon骨折不但具有优越的生物力学性能,而且操作简便、安全可靠,Pilon骨折固定的关节稳定性明显比其他内固定材料占有较大的优势,是较为理想的选择。     

Progressive lung disease and surfactant dysfunction with a deletion in surfactant protein C gene

Mutations in the surfactant protein (SP)-C gene are responsible for familial and sporadic interstitial lung disease (ILD). The consequences of such mutations on pulmonary surfactant composition and function are poorly understood. To determine the effects of a mutation in the SP-C gene on surfactant, we obtained lung tissue at the time of transplantation from a 14-mo-old infant with progressive ILD. An in-frame 9-bp deletion spanning codons 91-93 in Exon 3 of the SP-C gene was present on one allele; neither parent carried this deletion. SP-C mRNA was present in normal size and amount. By immunofluorescence, proSP-C was aggregated within alveolar Type II cells in a compartment separate from SP-B. In airway surfactant, there was little or no mature SP-B or SP-C; SP-A content was increased. Minimum surface tension was increased (20 mN/m, normal < 5 mN/m). Type II cells contained normal and disorganized appearing lamellar bodies by electron microscopy. This spontaneous deletion on one allele of the SP-C gene was associated with sporadic ILD and abnormalities in surfactant composition and function. We propose that a dominant negative effect on surfactant protein metabolism and function results from aggregation of misfolded proSP-C and subsequent cell injury and inflammation.     

腰椎体椎间盘的粘弹性性质实验研究

本文重点讨论人体湿润新鲜尸体腰椎体椎间盘的粘弹性性质，实验在不同应变率下测定它的变形规律，以及椎间盘的蠕变，松弛特性，加载与卸载的变化。     

三枚中空螺纹加压钉+髂骨块植骨治疗股骨颈骨折的生物力学研究与临床应用

目的：对作者设计的三枚中空螺纹加压钉＋髂骨块植骨（ＨＳＩ）治疗股骨颈（头下型）骨折,进行生物力学分析。为临床应用提供科学依据。方法：利用新鲜尸股骨标本进行实验应力分析。比较三枚中空螺纹加压钉＋髂骨块植骨与单纯应用三枚中空螺纹加压钉固定（ＨＳ）比较,观察两者在内固定上的生物力学性能指标变化。结果;实验结果表明采用螺纹钉＋髂骨植骨固定（ＨＳＩ）与单纯采用螺纹钉固定（ＨＳ）治疗股骨颈（头下型）骨折,其生物力学性能无显著性差异。临床１３例实践证明。采用螺纹钉＋髂骨植骨术式符合生物力学模型。是治疗股骨颈（头下型）骨折一种有效的新方法。     

Ethical guidance on human embryonic and fetal tissue transplantation: A European overview

This article presents an overview ofregulations, guidelines and societal debates ineight member states of the EC about a)embryonic and fetal tissue transplantation(EFTT), and b) the use of human embryonic stemcells (hES cells) for research into celltherapy, including `therapeutic' cloning. Thereappears to be a broad acceptance of EFTT inthese countries. In most countries guidance hasbeen developed. There is a `strong' consensusabout some of the central conditions for `goodclinical practice' regarding EFTT.International differences concern, amongstothers, some of the informed consent issuesinvolved, and the questions whether anintermediary organisation is necessary, whetherthe methods of abortion may be influenced bythe possible use of EFT, and whether EFTTshould only be used for the experimentaltreatment of rare disorders. The potential useof hES cells for research into cell therapy hasgiven a new impetus to the debate about (human)embryo research. The therapeutic prospects withregard to the retrieval and research use of hEScells appear to function as a catalyst for theintroduction of less restrictive regulationsconcerning research with spare embryos, atleast in some European countries. It remains tobe seen whether the prospect of treatingpatients suffering from serious disorders withtransplants produced by therapeutic cloningwill decrease the societal and moral resistanceto allowing the generation of embryos for`instrumental' use.     

Neonatal screening: dynamics and ethics

The Health Council of the Netherlands recently published a thorough report on neonatal screening, which recommends screening newborns for i8 treatable conditions. The report rightly stresses the importance of informing parents adequately, preferably during pregnancy. Issues that require further debate include neonatal screening for untreatable conditions and the relative advantages and disadvantages of screening newborns compared with screening prospective parents for carrier status, which may prevent the birth of a first-affected child.