低血钾患者应用超声雾化吸入补钾的疗效观察

试用了人体经气道补钾的新途径，证实经气道补钾可有效提高血钾浓度，与静脉滴注无差异。由于经气道给入，使临床上早期呼吸肌麻痹能及时缓解。临床应用中无任何副作用     

树枝状大分子的抗菌作用研究进展

目的 对各种树枝状大分子抗菌效能及其毒性的研究进展进行总结,为该类物质的进一步开发及应用提供参考。方法 查阅国内外相关文献,进行分析、归纳和综述。结果 具有抗菌活性的树枝状大分子主要包括糖、阳离子、肽、阴离子类及聚酰胺-胺类等树枝状大分子,上述大分子抗菌谱广,活性高,不容易诱导细菌耐药且生物相容性较好。 结论 树枝状大分子是一类潜在的抗菌候选分子及抗菌涂层材料,有良好的应用前景。     

Sesame Oil Therapeutically Ameliorates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Regulating Hypokalemia in Hypertensive Rats

Background: Hypokalemia and hypertension are common manifestations of preclinical cardiovascular conditions that have a predictive value for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiac hypertrophy, an important risk factor in heart failure, is attributed to long‐term hypokalemia and hypertension. Sesame oil is rich in nutrients and possesses potent antihypertensive activities. Methods: We investigated the therapeutic potential of sesame oil using a hypertensive model created by subcutaneously injecting deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA; 15 mg/mL/kg in mineral oil; twice weekly for 5 weeks) and supplementing with 1% sodium chloride drinking water (DOCA/salt) to uninephrectomized rats. Sesame oil was administered by oral gavage (0.5 or 1 mL/kg/d for 7 days) after 4 weeks of DOCA/salt treatment. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), electrocardiography (ECG), and K⁺ and Mg²⁺ levels were assessed 24 hours after the last dose of sesame oil. Heart tissue was collected for histologic analysis. Results: Sesame oil effectively reduced the SBP/DBP and ECG abnormalities and increased the serum levels of K⁺ and Mg²⁺ while limiting the urinary excretion of K⁺ in DOCA/salt‐induced hypertensive rats. In addition, sesame oil decreased the heart mass, the thickness of the left ventricle, and the diameter of cardiomyocytes, indicating the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in the hypertensive rats. Conclusion: We demonstrate that sesame oil therapeutically ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by regulating hypokalemia in hypertensive rats.     

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value-added carbon with desirable structures via molten carbonates electrolysis

Direct conversion of CO₂ to high value-added carbon products based on molten salt electrochemistry has been proven to be a feasible approach to solve the climate problem and achieve carbon neutrality. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon spheres (CSs) and honeycomb carbon are synthesized by electrolysis of a single or multiple alkali metal carbonate electrolyte. The elemental composition, morphology and structure, crystallinity and graphitization degree of carbon products are characterized by electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman microspectroscopy (RAM). The results demonstrate that a high yield of CNTs is obtained in Li₂CO₃ electrolyte by regulating the electrolysis temperature and current density. Compared to pure Li₂CO₃, Li–Na carbonate electrolyte with 1 wt% stannic oxide/cerium oxide (SnO₂/GeO₂) favors CS formation rather than CNT formation. Additionally, honeycomb carbon products are generated in Li–Na–K electrolyte, when the electrolysis temperature is lower than 600 °C. Overall, this work provides a novel carbon neutral strategy where high value-added carbon products are synthesized using CO₂ as a carbon source.

CO₂ is indirectly converted into carbon nanotubes, carbon spheres and honeycomb carbon in the molten carbonate electrolyte. This research is helpful to alleviate global climate change and is of great significance to the realization of sustainable development of mankind.     

Prevalence of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) predisposition gene mutations among 882 HBOC high‐risk Chinese individuals

Identification of deleterious variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes allows for increased clinical surveillance and early detection, and could predict the response to poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. To determine the prevalence and clinical prediction factors for HBOC syndrome, 882 selected individuals underwent multigene panel testing for HBOC risk assessment during the period from January 2015 to March 2018. Overall, 176 deleterious mutations were observed in 19.50% (n = 172) of individuals. Twenty‐six of 176 mutations could not be retrieved in related public databases and were considered to be novel. Among patients with ovarian cancer, 115 deleterious mutations were identified in 429 patients (48.6%) with significant enrichment for a family history of breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (P < .05). In the breast cancer subgroup, 31 deleterious mutations were identified in 261 patients. Besides BRCA1 (8; 25.8%) and BRCA2 (11; 35.5%), the most frequently occurring genes, an additional 12 deleterious mutations (38.7%) were found in seven other susceptibility genes. Higher mutation incidence (57.9%) was observed in subjects with histories of breast and ovarian cancer. Our results highlighted the genetic heterogeneity of HBOC and the efficiency of a multigene panel in carrying out risk assessment.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤组织中Survivin的表达及细胞凋亡检测

目的:检测非霍奇金淋巴瘤组织中Survivin的表达及肿瘤细胞凋亡情况.方法:应用免疫组化S-P法观察50例非霍奇金淋巴瘤和30例淋巴结炎性病变组织中Survivin的表达水平,应用TUNEL检测上述组织中细胞凋亡情况,并分析2者间的关系.结果:淋巴结炎、B细胞淋巴瘤组和T细胞淋巴瘤组中Survivin阳性表达率分别为:46.67%、73.33%、85.00%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在Survivin阳性表达B、T细胞淋巴瘤组织中,细胞凋亡指数分别是0.73±0.45和0.85±0.37,明显低于Survivin阴性表达的细胞凋亡指数(1.60±0.48和1.48±0.39).结论:在非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发生发展过程中Survivin表达引起的凋亡抑制可能有一定的作用,可作为淋巴结炎与B、T细胞淋巴瘤鉴别诊断的参考指标.     

NPPA Promoter Hypomethylation Predicts Central Obesity Development: A Prospective Longitudinal Study in Chinese Adults

IntroductionAtrial natriuretic peptide plays a potential role in obesity with unclear molecular mechanisms. The objective of this study was to examine the association between its coding gene (natriuretic peptide A [NPPA]) methylation and obesity.MethodsPeripheral blood DNA methylation of NPPA promoter was quantified at baseline by targeted bisulfite sequencing for 2,497 community members (mean aged 53 years, 38% men) in the Gusu cohort. Obesity was repeatedly assessed by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) at baseline and follow-up examinations. The cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prospective associations between NPPA promoter methylation and obesity were examined.ResultsOf the 9 CpG loci assayed, DNA methylation levels at 6 CpGs were significantly lower in participants with central obesity than those without (all p < 0.05 for permutation test). These CpG methylation levels at baseline were also inversely associated with dynamic changes in BMI or WC during follow-up (all p < 0.05 for permutation test). After an average 4 years of follow-up, hypermethylation at the 6 CpGs (CpG2 located at Chr1:11908348, CpG3 located at Chr1:11908299, CpG4 located at Chr1:11908200, CpG5 located at Chr1:11908182, CpG6 located at Chr1:11908178, and CpG8 located at Chr1:11908165) was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident central obesity (all p < 0.05 for permutation test).ConclusionsHypomethylation at NPPA promoter was associated with increased future risk of central obesity in Chinese adults. Aberrant DNA methylation of the NPPA gene may participate in the mechanisms of central obesity.