血液系统恶性肿瘤患者化疗后合并中性粒细胞减少性肠炎的诊治研究

目的分析成人血液系统恶性肿瘤患者接受强烈化疗后中性粒细胞减少性肠炎（NE）的发生率、危险因素及预后情况。方法收集2004至2013年接受化疗的1804例血液系统恶性肿瘤患者,记录患者血常规、凝血检测和血液生化检测结果,并记录患者年龄、性别、原发病、既往化疗次数、既往化疗方案中是否使用阿糖胞苷、临床症状、肠壁厚度、中性粒细胞最低计数、中性粒细胞缺乏持续时间、NE的治疗方法和预后等,探讨NE起病诱因、临床特征、腹部B超特点、症状的预后意义及化疗药物对发病的影响等。结果1804例患者中226例（12.5%）化疗后合并NE,化疗后10~19d起病,中位起病时间为化疗后第14天。发生NE后26例患者死亡,病死率11.5%。化疗药物包括阿糖胞苷、临床症状≥4项、中性粒细胞缺乏持续超过7d以及B超下肠壁厚度≥10mm的患者病死率相对较高。结论NE是接受强烈化疗的血液系统肿瘤患者的严重的并发症,发生NE后患者病死率较高。     

基于网络药理学和生物信息学研究苍附导痰丸治疗多囊卵巢综合征的分子机制＊

目的 探讨苍附导痰丸治疗多囊卵巢综合征（Polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）的潜在机制。方法 通过检索中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台（Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform，TCMSP）中苍附导痰丸组成药物的成分数据，筛选其有效成分和作用靶点；检索Drug Bank、GeneCards、OMIM、PharmGKB及Uniprot疾病数据库中PCOS相关靶点；检索GEO数据库，选择多囊卵巢综合征的差异表达基因。构建苍附导痰丸和PCOS成分、靶点间的相互关系网络，利用筛选出的关键靶点，构建蛋白互作（Protein-protein interaction，PPI）网络；在GO功能和KEGG信号通路富集的基础上，得出苍附导痰丸治疗PCOS的作用机制，进一步用分子对接技术验证靶点之间结合的可靠性。结果 共筛选出活性成分单体46个，159个苍附导痰丸治疗PCOS的共同靶点。结论 苍附导痰丸治疗PCOS具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点，推测苍附导痰丸可能通过调节炎症微环境从而改善肥胖型PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗，通过调节雌激素信号通路改善卵巢功能，因而可以改善肥胖及卵巢排卵的临床症状，为后期研究苍附导痰丸治疗PCOS的作用机制提供了新的理论支撑。     

高弹力无纺布衬垫在气压止血带中的应用效果

目的 探讨高弹力无纺布衬垫在气压止血带应用中的临床效果.方法 取80例四肢骨折患者,将其随机分为两组.对照组用普通绷带做气压止血带的衬垫;实验组则直接在肢体上套一层高弹力无纺布衬垫,然后环绕气压止血带;比较两组临床应用效果.结果 总有效率实验组为97.5％,对照组为90.0％;医生对手术中止血效果及衬垫满意率实验组为95.0％,对照组为85.0％;皮肤反应发生率实验组为2.5％,对照组为10.0％;两组比较,均P＜ 0.05,差异均具有统计学意义.结论 四肢手术中气压止血带使用率较高,高弹力无纺布衬垫比普通绷带衬垫效果好,具有无压痕、无皱折、不滑脱、不松动、高弹力等优点,值得推广使用.     

A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dextromethorphan as an Adjunct in Opioid-Dependent Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Background:

Low-dose dextromethorphan (DM) might have anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects mechanistically remote from an NMDA receptor. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled 12 week study, we investigated whether add-on dextromethorphan reduced cytokine levels and benefitted opioid-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).

Methods:

Patients were randomly assigned to a group: DM60 (60mg/day dextromethorphan; n = 65), DM120 (120mg/day dextromethorphan; n = 65), or placebo (n = 66). Primary outcomes were the methadone dose required, plasma morphine level, and retention in treatment. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor–β1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were examined during weeks 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12. Multiple linear regressions with generalized estimating equation methods were used to examine the therapeutic effect.

Results:

After 12 weeks, the DM60 group had significantly longer treatment retention and lower plasma morphine levels than did the placebo group. Plasma TNF-α was significantly decreased in the DM60 group compared to the placebo group. However, changes in plasma cytokine levels, BDNF levels, and the methadone dose required in the three groups were not significantly different.

Conclusions:

We provide evidence—decreased concomitant heroin use—of low-dose add-on DM’s efficacy for treating opioid-dependent patients undergoing MMT.     

Development and characterisation of an ultrasensitive monoclonal antibody for chloramphenicol

In this study, a highly sensitive monoclonal antibody (McAb) against chloramphenicol (CAP) was successfully raised and characterised by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). Three antigens coupled with different proteins were synthesised and determined by the UV-vis method. After five rounds of immunisation, antisera were collected from six Balb/C mice and screened by ic-ELISA. The standard inhibition curve of one CAP McAb (labelled 6F11) showed the best sensitivity to CAP after optimisation of the principal working conditions. The half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated to be 0.01 ng/mL and the linear working range was from 0.0028 ng/mL to 0.040 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. This McAb showed high specificity, with negligible cross-reactivities detected towards CAP analogues (florfinicol, florfinicol amine, thiamphenicol). The recovery rate was 98.9–106.8% while the coefficient of variation was 4.45–6.05%. The IC₅₀ value and other parameters obtained for this CAP McAb suggest that it is likely to have a promising future in further applications in combination with different analytical techniques.     

Dysfunctional CD4+,CD25+ regulatory T cells in untreated active systemic lupus erythematosus secondary to interferon-alpha-producing antigen-presenting cells

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether there are extrinsic factors that impair the suppressive function of CD4+,CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with untreated active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: We studied 15 patients with untreated active SLE, 10 patients with SLE in remission, and 15 healthy control subjects. Percentages of CD4+,CD25+,FoxP3+ Treg cells and levels of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) protein were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for FoxP3 in purified Treg cell populations was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Experiments examining Treg cell function in SLE were designed to distinguish primary from secondary T cell dysfunction. Levels of interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) in supernatants from the function assays were determined with an IFN-stimulated response element-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The percentage of CD4+,CD25+, FoxP3+ cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased in SLE patients as compared with controls (mean +/- SEM 9.11 +/- 0.73% versus 4.78 +/- 0.43%; P < 0.0001). We found no difference in FoxP3 expression at either the mRNA or protein level in any CD4+,CD25+ T cell subset from SLE patients as compared with controls. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from SLE patients were responsible for decreased Treg cell activity and could also render dysfunctional Treg cells from healthy control subjects. CD4+,CD25+ Treg cells from SLE patients exhibited normal suppressive activity when cultured with APCs from healthy controls. A partial Treg cell blockade effect was induced by the high levels of IFNalpha derived from SLE patient APCs. CONCLUSION: We suggest that blockade of Treg cell-mediated suppression by IFNalpha-producing APCs in SLE patients may contribute to a pathogenic loss of peripheral tolerance in this disease.     

Comparative analysis of Behcet's disease in the APLAR region

Aims: Behcet's disease (BD) was originally a disease of the Silk Road. Some authors think that BD from the Silk Road is different from those seen in other countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations of BD in APLAR countries, where some of them are in the Silk Road (SR) and some others not (NSR). Methods: Data from Australia (NSR), Hong Kong (NSR), India (SR), Iran (SR), and Singapore (SR) were selected and analyzed under the same protocol. Prior published data from China (SR) Japan (SR) and Korea (SR) were included in the analysis. Results: The mean age at the onset of the disease was under 30 for all countries except Japan and Singapore. The male gender was more frequent except in Australia and Korea. Oral aphthosis was the most frequent manifestation (90–100%). Genital aphthosis was less frequent (57–82%). Skin manifestations were also frequent (61–87%). Ocular manifestations were reported from 21–69% of patients. The difference was mainly due to patients’ selection bias and the low number of patients in some reports. The same was true for joint (30–87%), gastrointestinal (6–38%), neurological (2.5–29%) and vascular manifestations (5–28%). Conclusion: Despite the percentage difference among some countries, the general pattern of the disease was the same, suggesting that the minor differences seen in different parts of the world were not enough to call the disease a syndrome, or to differentiate Behcet's disease of the Silk Road from those seen in Western countries.     

Solvent-assisted thermal reduction of microcrystalline graphene oxide with excellent microwave absorption performance

To prepare a new kind of electromagnetic wave absorber, and improve the processing technology and accessional value of natural microcrystalline graphite minerals (NMGMs), reduced microcrystalline graphene oxide (rGO-M), a novel absorber with high absorption, low reflection and a wide absorption band, was prepared from NMGMs using a solvent-assisted thermal reduction method. Moreover, the as-produced rGO-M with adjustable electrical resistivity can be easily transferred into well distributed bulk materials by freeze-drying technology. These unique structures and compositions make a great contribution to the impedance match, and cause strong conductive loss and various dipole polarization effects which greatly enhance the absorption. Meanwhile, the effective bandwidths below −5 dB and −10 dB are 11.7 GHz and 3.32 GHz respectively, and the reflection loss can reach −42.68 dB. The study will be beneficial to the development of carbon resources and carbon materials research. Besides, it can provide a scientific basis for the further improvement of the comprehensive utilization and the level of deep processing technology of NMGM resources.

Reduced microcrystalline graphene oxide (rGO-M), a novel absorber with high absorption, low reflection and a wide absorption band, was prepared from NMGMs using a solvent-assisted thermal reduction method.     

Design,synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 2-chloro-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline derivatives as antitumor agents: in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity,cell cycle arrest and apoptotic response

A series of novel 2-chloro-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline derivatives (3a₁−3d₆) were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. In vitro antitumor assay results showed that some compounds exhibited moderate to high inhibitory activities against HepG2, SK-OV-3, NCI-H460 and BEL-7404 tumor cell lines, and most compounds exhibited much lower cytotoxicities against HL-7702 normal cell line compared to 5-FU and cisplatin. In vivo antitumor assay results showed that the representative compound 3a₁ exhibited effective inhibition on tumor growth in the HepG2 xenograft mouse model. Mechanistic studies suggested that 3a₁ may exert antitumor activity by the up-regulation of Bax, intracellular Ca²⁺ release, ROS generation, p21, p27 and p53, downregulation of Bcl-2, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and subsequent cleavage of PARP, and inhibition of CDK activity.

A series of novel 2-chloro-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents under the combination principle. The antitumor activity and mechanisms were then evaluated.