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??OBJECTIVE To prepare oridonin-loaded cubosomes, and encapsulate oridonin(ORI) for the purpose of enhancing the solubility and prolonging the action time. METHODS Phytantriol (PYT) was firstly used to cooperate with Poloxamer 407-propylene glycol-water system to improve the solubility of ORI for developing ORI-loaded cubosomes. Polarizing microscope, small angel X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy(cryo-TEM) were used to study the characters of cubosomes. RESULTS Under homogenization conditions of 1 200 bar for 9 cycles, the obtained PYT-based cubosomes had narrow particle size distribution with a mean particle size of (225.9??5.6) nm. The internal structures of cubosomes were revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering as a bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase with Pn3m geometry. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading determined by ultrafiltration centrifugation were (86.6??1.5)% and (3.69??0.06)mg??g^-1, the solubility of ORI had been increased by 5.20 times. CONCLUSION The optimized formulas of cubosomes show obvious 24 h-sustained release, and the in vitro release profiles fitt the Higuchi release model well, implying diffusion-control as main release mechanism.     

《灵枢》寿夭刚柔篇针灸学术思想探源

寿夭刚柔篇是《黄帝内经·灵枢》的重要篇章。从“立形定气而视寿夭”、“审知阴阳,刺之有方”、“治疗应把握时间和空间上的整体性”、“治疗的共性与特性”几个方面入手,对针灸与人之寿夭的学术思想特点进行讨论。认为寿夭刚柔篇对中医针灸学理论的构成作用显著,充分陈述了人之寿夭与疾病、疾病阴阳表里与针灸治疗的关系,以及治疗与时相应和因人而异的理论。     

黄清春辨治类风湿关节炎经验

总结黄清春教授辨治类风湿关节炎的经验。在治疗原则上,类风湿关节炎早期应中医和西医相结合,中期应内治和外治相结合,晚期应内科和外科相结合;在治疗方法上,早期以祛邪为主,中晚期以补肾壮骨、柔肝舒筋为主,祛瘀通络贯穿于治疗始终,顾护脾胃是完成治疗的保障。     

参灵扶正胶囊和清毒胶囊治疗艾滋病的临床疗效分析

目的分析参灵扶正胶囊和清毒胶囊治疗艾滋病即获得性免疫缺陷综合征（acquiredimmunod．eficiencysyndrome,AIDS）的临床疗效。方法从数据库中选择资料完整、连续治疗6个月以上的AIDS病例共220例,按是否接受抗病毒治疗分为中医组（根据辨证结果给予参灵扶正胶囊或清毒胶囊,129例）和中西医结合组（参灵扶正胶囊或清毒胶囊联合高效抗逆转录病毒治疗,91例）,分析两组治疗前,治疗后3、6个月症状体征总积分和单项积分、卡洛夫斯基积分和体重的变化,比较治疗前和治疗后6个月的CD4＋细胞计数。结果两组治疗后3、6个月的症状体征总积分均低于治疗前（P〈0．01）,咳嗽、乏力、气短、呕吐、自汗、脱发、胸痛等单项症状体征积分下降（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,卡洛夫斯基积分均有所上升（P〈0．05）。治疗后中医组体重有所增加（P〈0．05）,CD4＋细胞计数低于治疗前（P〈0．05）,而中西医结合组治疗前后体重和CD4＋细胞计数变化,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论参灵扶正胶囊和清毒胶囊可改善AIDS患者的症状和体征,但未能阻止CD4＋细胞计数的下降。     

灵芝总三萜与紫杉醇或与顺铂在对人源肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性中的相互作用

目的:灵芝三萜类化合物是常被用于辅助性肿瘤治疗的灵芝中具有细胞毒性作用的主要成分.本研究考察灵芝总三萜和化疗药物之间的相互作用.方法:应用了两种肿瘤细胞株即人宫颈瘤HeLa细胞株和人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞株.检测了将灵芝总三萜与紫杉醇或顺铂合用时对细胞的毒性作用,并用Chou and Talalay合用指数法判断合用的相互作用类型.结果:灵芝总三萜和紫杉醇的合用在HeLa细胞中表现为协同作用而在A549细胞中表现为加合作用.灵芝总三萜与顺铂的合用效果则依赖于该两种药物的作用强度,即当其中一种药物的作用强于另外一种时表现为拮抗作用,而当两种药物的作用相似时表现为协同作用.结论:灵芝总三萜可以促进某些化疗药物的作用.     

RP—HPLC法测定川楝子药材中川楝素的含量

目的:建立川楝子药材中川楝素的HPLC含量测定方法.方法:采用Phenomenex Luna C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,5 μm),乙腈-水(35:65)为流动相,检测波长:210nm,流速:1.0ml/min,测定川楝素.结果:川楝素平均回收率为95.7%,RSD=1.91%(n=6).结论:12批样品测定结果表明,该方法简便、准确,可用于川楝子药材中川楝素的含量测定.     

南非传统草药Sutherlandia 抗糖尿病作用的研究

目的：观察南非传统草药Sutherlandia水提物对糖脂代谢的影响。方法：腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）并高脂饲料喂养诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。随机分为正常组、模型组、吡格列酮组、Sutherlandia组。观察体质量、口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）、血甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）指标的改变,Western Blot法检测各组大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素受体底物（IRS-1）表达情况。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量降低,OGTT、TG、TC、LDL-C指标明显升高（P<0.05）,多饮、多食、多尿症状明显,IRS-1 蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05）;治疗后,与模型组比较,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组的体质量未见明显增长,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组血糖、TG、TC均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,二者之间无统计学差异,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组骨骼肌中IRS-1蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05）,二者之间无统计学差异。结论：腹腔注射STZ并高糖高脂饲料喂养诱导2 型糖尿病大鼠模型存在糖脂代谢紊乱;南非传统草药Sutherlandia可明显降低其血糖水平,改善血脂代谢,提高胰岛素水平;Sutherlandia可提高IRS-1骨骼肌中的表达水平,进而改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖,其确切的作用途径有待进一步深入研究。     

清热利湿健脾温肾法治疗慢性肾炎蛋白尿临床观察

目的:观察清热利湿健脾温肾法治疗慢性肾炎蛋白尿的疗效.方法:82例患者随机分为治疗组50例争对照组32例.治疗组给予具有清热利湿健脾温肾功效的消浊固本汤加味内服,对照组给予复方肾炎片口服.治疗前后分别作尿蛋白定量、血肌苷、尿素氮检测,观察两组临床疗效.结果:消浊固本汤加味组治疗慢性肾炎患者的总有效率为88%,优于复方肾炎片组的总有效率65.62%(P<0.05).结论:清热利湿健脾温肾法能有效治疗慢性肾炎蛋白尿,延缓肾病进程.     

Polyprenols mitigate cognitive dysfunction and neuropathology in the APP/PS1 mouse

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly and brings considerable financial and social problems worldwide. In this study, polyprenols were firstly evaluated the effects on the cognitive deficits and neuropathology in APP/PS1 mice model of AD. At 3 months old, the APP/PS1 mice were divided into model group; polyprenols low, middle, and high dosage group; and positive drug group. Age‐matched wild‐type mice were chosen in control group. The administration by oral gavage lasted 6 months. Polyprenols treatment significantly improved cognitive impairment of double transgenic mice compared with vehicle control treatment in behavioral tests. In addition, immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that there were significantly reductions in neuritic plaques and the level of hyperphosphorylated tau in brain of polyprenols‐treated mice. Furthermore, we found that polyprenols treatment reduced the apoptotic cells in brain sections of 9‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice. These results reveal that polyprenols exert neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 mice and could represent an effective treatment for AD.     

31P NMR studies of ATP concentrations and Pi-ATP exchange in the rat kidney in vivo: effects of inhibiting and stimulating renal metabolism

Previous investigators found that cyanide (CN-) is a potent inhibitor of renal Na+ transport, while the uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and fructose (both which lower ATP levels) are weak transport inhibitors. To examine the disparate effects of these substances measurements of ATP were performed, using 31P NMR, while simultaneously monitoring renal Na+ transport. Infusion of CN-, DNP, and fructose lowered whole kidney ATP levels by about the same extent (30%) while only CN- inhibited Na+ transport. This may be due to the fact that CN- has a potent action on the thick ascending limb of Henle, while fructose and DNP may have a more proximal action. Alternatively, ATP turnover may be a more important determinant of transport than ATP concentrations. Saturation transfer experiments were performed to measure Pi-ATP flux. Unilateral nephrectomy, high protein feeding, and methylprednisolone were used to stimulate metabolism and transport. The rate of Pi-ATP flux was 20.1 mumol/min/g. However, because oxygen consumption was stimulated, the ATP/O ratio was 0.85, considerably less than the theoretical value of 3. Finally, atrial natriuretic factor, which increased Na+ transport, had no effect on Pi-ATP flux. The results raise the possibility that the saturation transfer technique does not detect all Pi-ATP flux, especially when renal metabolism is stimulated.