动力髋螺钉内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者髋关节功能恢复的影响

目的:观察动力髋螺钉内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者髋关节功能及下蹲能力的影响。方法:南京军区南京总医院骨科2000-01/2003-12共92例股骨转子间骨折患者,采用动力髋螺钉实施内固定治疗并结合术后功能锻炼。结果:随访6～36个月平均14个月,根据骨折愈合情况及功能测()评,优良率89%(82/92)。1例出现严重的髋内翻,2例出现患肢缩短(<3cm。)结论:DHS是一种理想的、可靠的内固定植入物,DHS内固定能有效恢复老年股骨转子间骨折患者下蹲功能。     

A novel fluorescent digitonin derivative for non-invasive skin cholesterol detection: potential application in atherosclerosis screening

There is a great demand for the rapid and non-invasive atherosclerosis screening method. Cholesterol content in the epidermis of the skin is an early biomarker for atherosclerosis. Risk assessment of atherosclerosis can be achieved by measuring cholesterol in the epidermis. Here, we synthesised a new fluorescent digitonin derivative (FDD) for the non-invasive detection of skin cholesterol. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy studies indicated that the probe exhibited desirable selectivity for cholesterol. The proof-of-concept preclinical study confirmed that FDD can detect different concentrations of skin cholesterol; patients diagnosed with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and the at-risk atherosclerosis group exhibited higher skin cholesterol content than the normal group. The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing the normal/disease group was 0.9228 (95% confidence interval, 0.8938 to 0.9518), and the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing the normal/risk group was 0.9422 (95% confidence interval, 0.9178 to 0.9665). We anticipate that this non-invasive skin cholesterol test may be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening in a large population for further examination and intervention in high-risk populations.

Digitonin was used to synthesise a fluorescence probe for the non-invasive detection of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol method may be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening in a large population.     

A microfluidic electrochemical cell for studying the corrosion of uranium dioxide (UO2)

We have developed a specialized microfluidic electrochemical cell that enables in situ investigation of the electrochemical corrosion of microgram quantities of redox active solids. The advantage of downscaling is the reduction of hazards, waste, expense, and greatly expanding data collection for hazardous materials, including radioactive samples. Cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor the oxidation–reduction cycle of minute quantities of micron-size uraninite (UO₂) particles, from the formation of hexavalent uranium (U(vi)), U₃O₇ and reduction to UO_2+x. Reaction progress was also studied in situ with scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical measurements matched those obtained at the bulk-scale and were consistent with ex situ characterization of the run products by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy; thus, demonstrating the utility of the microfluidic approach for studying radioactive materials.

Highlight of the multimodal characterization of corrosion behaviour of microgram quantities of UO₂, enabled by a novel particle-attached microfluidic electrochemical cell.     

Validity of simple mucosal biopsy criteria combined with endoscopy predicting patients with ulcerative colitis ultimately requiring surgery: a multicenter study

BACKGROUND: Recent mucosal biopsy criteria combined with endoscopy effectively differentiate patients with ulcerative colitis ultimately requiring surgery (UC-S) from those receiving medication alone (UC-M). However, the criteria were inconvenient in practical use because of the need for complicated calculations, and the validity has not been verified in other institutes where the indications for surgery may differ. The aims of this multicenter study were to propose simple criteria in which calculation can be performed by mental arithmetic and to measure their validity. METHODS: Based on the above original criteria, we constructed simple criteria in which coefficients and constant were simplified to integral numbers. The criteria consisted of the diagnostic categories, highest-risk, high-risk, unpredictable, low-risk, and lowest-risk of surgery. The validity of these proposed criteria was evaluated in 121 patients with UC-S and 186 with UC-M from 11 institutes. RESULTS: The categories of high-risk and low-risk had sensitivities exceeding 86.0% and specificities exceeding 95.2%, and the validities were maintained at high levels in most individual institutes. There was little difference in validity between the proposed and original criteria when testing using the same patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite simplified coefficients and constant, the proposed criteria reliably predicted the eventual clinical outcome of patients with ulcerative colitis and would be helpful in determining the necessity of surgery.     

Two giant connected retroperitoneal schwannomas: a rare case report

Schwannoma is a type of tumor originating from Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. In this study, we report a rare case of two giant connected retroperitoneal schwannomas. The patient presented to our department with a 1-day history of abdominal pain and without other symptoms. There were no abnormalities in the patient’s tumor markers. Abdominal plain computed tomography (CT) revealed two (combined) retroperitoneal masses appearing as soft tissue-density shadows with uneven internal density, cystic low-density shadows, and patchy calcification shadows. The larger mass measured approximately 12.0 cm × 12.3 cm in size. The tumors were completely excised by a reasonable surgical approach while the surrounding organs closely related to the tumor were preserved. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the tumors were benign schwannomas. In the 18-month follow-up, the patient had no recurrences and was asymptomatic. We summarize the diagnosis and treatment of two rare combined giant retroperitoneal schwannomas in a single patient. Laparotomy for the management of retroperitoneal giant schwannomas may be safe and effective.     

A strabismus susceptibility locus on chromosome 7p

Strabismus has been known to have a significant genetic component, but the mode of inheritance and the identity of the relevant genes have been enigmatic. This paper reports linkage analysis of nonsyndromic strabismus. The principal results of this study are: (i) the demonstrated feasibility of identifying and recruiting large families in which multiple members have (or had) strabismus; (ii) the linkage in one large family of a presumptive strabismus susceptibility locus to 7p22.1 with a multipoint logarithm of odds score of 4.51 under a model of recessive inheritance; and (iii) the failure to observe significant linkage to 7p in six other multiplex families, consistent with genetic heterogeneity among families. These findings suggest that it will be possible to localize and ultimately identify strabismus susceptibility genes by linkage analysis and mutation screening of candidate genes.     

基于关联规则的凌昌全教授治疗肿瘤常见中医辨证分型的组方规律

目的:分析凌昌全教授治疗肿瘤常见中医辨证分型的组方规律。方法:以凌昌全教授在上海长海医院治疗肿瘤患者的门诊病历为基础建立数据库,基于关联规则算法,研究凌教授治疗肿瘤的处方用药经验。结果:凌昌全教授临证治疗肿瘤辨证组方经验如下:1)阴虚血瘀型的核心组方为熟地黄、山药、山茱萸、枸杞子、桃仁、赤芍、牡丹皮、解毒方等。2)湿滞血瘀型的核心组方为藿香、砂仁、茯苓皮、泽泻、陈皮、牡丹皮、解毒方等。3)气虚血瘀型的核心组方为黄芪、生白术、山药、陈皮、桃仁、赤芍、牡丹皮、解毒方等。4)气阴两虚型的核心组方为黄芪、生白术、山药、生薏苡仁、麦冬、枸杞子、炙鳖甲、解毒方等。结论:凌昌全教授临证治疗肿瘤,重视辨证施治,同时联合专方专药,病证互参,精选组方。     

Acute and subchronic oral toxicities of Pu-erh black tea extract in Sprague-Dawley rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pu-erh black tea, which is obtained by first parching crude green tea leaves and then undergoes secondary fermentation with microorganisms, has been believed to be beneficial beverages for health for nearly 2000 years in China, Japan and Taiwan area. But its potential toxicity when administered at a high dose as concentrated extracts has not been completely investigated.

The aim of the study

The present study was aimed at evaluating potential toxicity of Pu-erh black tea extracts (BTE) from acute and sub-chronic administration to male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Materials and methods

A single BTE dose of 10,000 mg/kg of body weight was administered by oral gavage for acute toxicity in SD rats. Four groups (10 males and 10 females per group) of dose levels of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day of the test article, as well as controls (distilled water) were tested as the subchronic toxicity study.

Results

No deaths and signs of toxicity occurred during the 14 days of the study. There were no test article related mortalities, body weight gain, feed consumption, clinical observation, organ weight changes, gross finding, clinical or histopathological alterations during the 91-day administration.

Conclusions

The LD₅₀ of BTE can be defined as more than 10,000 mg/kg, and a dose of 5000 mg/kg/day was identified as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) in this study.