急性胰腺炎患者空腹高血糖发生率及其危险因素分析

目的:回顾性分析急性胰腺炎(AP)患者空腹高血糖发生率及其危险因素。方法:收集2018-01—2018-12武汉大学人民医院胰腺外科133例AP且无糖尿病(DM)病史的住院患者病历资料,按照不同性别、年龄、AP临床分型、病因、CT指数评分(CISI)等分组,χ2检验分析各组临床因素与空腹高血糖(FPG≥6.1mmol/L)发生率的关系,多因素二元logistic回归分析空腹高血糖独立危险因素。结果:AP临床分型(χ2=5.494,P=0.019)和CTSI(χ2=6.236,P=0.013)与AP患者空腹高血糖相关(P<0.05)。CTSI≥6分(P=0.015,OR=2.920,95%Cl=1.234—6.905)为AP患者空腹高血糖的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:临床分型中重症+重症及CTSI≥6分的AP患者易发生空腹高血糖,尤其CTSI≥6分是AP后空腹高血糖的独立危险因素,临床应高度关注。     

盲人智能探路手杖的研究

本文介绍了盲人智能探路手杖的研究.该系统由单片机控制,采用两只超声波传感器的探测模式,对盲人行进路上的路况进行探测和分析,并针对不同的路况发出相应的提示信息,以达到辅助盲人安全行走的目的.     

Platelet-activating factor (PAF)-dependent biochemical, morphologic, and physiologic responses of human platelets: demonstration of translocation of protein kinase C associated with protein phosphorylation

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent stimulus for platelet aggregation and secretion. PAF has been shown to stimulate the phosphatidylinositol (PI) pathway in platelets, which implies that PAF should activate protein kinase C. In this study, measurements of PI metabolites, the elevation of intracellular free calcium concentration, (Ca2+)i, the activation of protein kinase C, and the phosphorylation of platelet proteins (using a two-dimensional gel electrophoretic technique) were performed before and after the addition of 10(-8) M PAF to human platelets. These findings were correlated with morphologic changes in the platelets as determined by immunoelectron microscopic studies on the cytoskeleton and by X-ray analysis of dense bodies. The results show that PAF stimulates the production of PI metabolites and causes an increase in the membrane-associated activity of protein kinase C. These changes are accompanied by a rise in the (Ca2+)i and protein phosphorylation. The increase in protein kinase C activity reaches a maximum at approximately 60 s, a time frame that is consistent with the protein phosphorylation and the subsequent morphologic and secretory events. X-ray analysis revealed two types of dense bodies containing various amounts of calcium which appeared to be released sequentially after PAF activation. These results suggest that the protein phosphorylation that controls the physiologic events resulting from PAF activation of human platelets is catalyzed by protein kinase C.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织中HBV抗原表达特征及其临床意义

目的探讨慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝活检组织中检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝核心抗原(HBcAg)表达强度及表达方式的必要性。方法采用EnVision免疫组织化学法检测196例慢性乙型肝炎患者肝穿组织中HBsAg和HBcAg的表达水平,并用荧光定量PCR检测其血清中的HBV DNA的含量。对肝组织进行炎症活动度分级和纤维化分期。结果肝组织中的HBsAg表达强度和表达方式与炎症分级、纤维化分期和血清乙肝病毒载量均无相关性(P>0.05)。HBcAg表达强度与炎症分级无相关性(r=-0.02,P>0.05);与纤维化分期呈负相关(r=-0.28,P<0.01);与血清乙肝病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.53,P<0.01)。HBcAg表达方式与炎症分级为负相关(r=-0.27,P<0.01),其中浆型组炎症活动度分级高于核型组和混合型组(P<0.01),混合型组高于核型组(P<0.01)。HBcAg表达方式与纤维化分期亦呈较弱的负相关(r=-0.23,P<0.01),其中浆型组纤维化分期高于核型组和混合型组(P<0.05)。HBcAg表达方式与血清乙肝病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.22,P<0.01)。结论区分肝组织中的HBsAg表达强度和表达方式无益于了解慢性乙型肝炎患者肝损害的程度,而检测肝组织中的HBcAg则有助于临床抗病毒治疗。     

A Ser(365)-->Cys mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in mouse downregulates Ihh/PTHrP signals and causes severe achondroplasia

Missense mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) result in several types of human skeletal dysplasia, including the neonatally lethal dwarfism known as thanatophoric dysplasia. An engineered Ser(365)-->Cys substitution in mouse FGFR3, which is equivalent to a mutation associated with thanatophoric dysplasia-I in humans, has now been shown to cause severe dwarfism but not neonatal death. The mutant mice exhibit shortened limbs as a result of markedly reduced proliferation and impaired differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes. The receptor-activating mutation also resulted in downregulation of expression of the Indian hedgehog (IHH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) receptor genes, both of which are important for bone growth. Interactions between FGFR3- and PTHrP-receptor-mediated signals during endochondral ossification were examined with embryonic metatarsal bones maintained in culture under defined conditions. Consistent with the in vivo observations, FGF2 inhibited bone growth in culture and induced downregulation of IHH and PTHrP receptor gene expression. Furthermore, PTHrP partially reversed the inhibition of long bone growth caused by activation of FGFR3; however, it impaired the differentiation of chondrocytes in an FGFR3-independent manner. These observations suggest that FGFR3 and IHH-PTHrP signals are transmitted by two interacting parallel pathways that mediate both overlapping and distinct functions during endochondral ossification.     

经皮微创植入锁定钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨应用胫骨远端锁定钢板经皮微创植入治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效。方法自2010年1月~2012年12月应用小切口植入胫骨远端锁定钢板治疗32例胫骨远端骨折,男19例,女13例,年龄13~77岁,平均39.8岁。其中开放性骨折4例,闭合性骨折28例,均为新鲜骨折。结果 29例获得随访,随访时间6~15个月,平均11.7个月。所有骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间为13.6周,均无感染、骨不连、钢板松动等并发症。按照Mazur踝关节功能评分:优19例,良8例,可2例,优良率为93.1%。结论微创钢板内固定手术创伤小,固定可靠,骨折愈合率高,符合生物学固定原则。     

接触乙烯类或苯类对孕妇及新生儿姊妹染色单体交换和微核的影响

取因职业而接触乙烯类或苯类的孕妇静脉血和他们新生儿脐带血进行ＳＣＥ和ＭＮ测定。发现接触乙烯类或苯类的母血ＳＣＥ（８．５５±０．８４，９．４４±１．１２）均高于对照组（７．６８±１．４０），他们新生儿脐带血ＳＣＥ（８．９４±１．４３，８．７５±０．８８）也高于对照组（６．７１±１．２７）。接触乙烯类和苯类的母血微核率（０．８３３‰，０．７２７‰），高于对照组（０．２６７‰），他们新生儿脐血微核率（０．７５‰，０．８１８‰）也高于对照组（０．２６７‰）。我们还发现母亲孕期被动吸烟增强了这两类诱变剂对他们后代的遗传毒性。     

妊娠合并登革热35例临床分析

目的 探讨登革热对妊娠的影响。方法 对35例妊娠合并登革热进行回顾性分析。结果 35例患有27例出现不正常分娩及产后大出血,有22例出现流产、死胎、早产及畸胎。结论 妊娠合并登革热在妊娠早期可出现流产或死胎,中期可引起早产,晚期可出现产后大出血。     

非断离腹壁韧带腹膜外剖宫产术式探讨

行腹膜外剖宫产术时,在侧脐韧带与中脐韧带之间进行操作,不切断腹壁任何韧带,用撕拉、钝性剥离的方法分离膀胱与腹膜,子宫切口连续缝合两层,并将宫颈前筋膜与子宫切口浅层一并连续缝合.该方法不仅缩短了手术时间,避免了新生儿Apgar's低评分、新生儿窒息的发生,而且维持了腹壁结构的完整性,可进一步降低术后各种近、远期并发症的发生率.