Genome-wide scan identified QTLs underlying femoral neck cross-sectional geometry that are novel studied risk factors of osteoporosis.

A genome-wide screen was conducted using a large white sample to identify QTLs for FNCS geometry. We found significant linkage of FNCS parameters to 20q12 and Xq25, plus significant epistatic interactions and sex-specific QTLs influencing FNCS geometry variation. INTRODUCTION: Bone geometry, a highly heritable trait, is a critical component of bone strength that significantly determines osteoporotic fracture risk. Specifically, femoral neck cross-sectional (FNCS) geometry is significantly associated with hip fracture risk as well as genetic factors. However, genetic research in this respect is still in its infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify the underlying genomic regions influencing FNCS variables, we performed a remarkably large-scale whole genome linkage scan involving 3998 individuals from 434 pedigrees for four FNCS geometry parameters, namely buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), and section modulus (Z). The major statistical approach adopted is the variance component method implemented in SOLAR. RESULTS: Significant linkage evidence (threshold LOD = 3.72 after correction for tests of multiple phenotypes) was found in the regions of 20q12 and Xq25 for CT (LOD = 4.28 and 3.90, respectively). We also identified eight suggestive linkage signals (threshold LOD = 2.31 after correction for multiple tests) for the respective geometry traits. The above findings were supported by principal component linkage analysis. Of them, 20q12 was of particular interest because it was linked to multiple FNCS geometry traits and significantly interacted with five other genomic loci to influence CSA variation. The effects of 20q12 on FNCS geometry were present in both male and female subgroups. Subgroup analysis also revealed the presence of sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FNCS traits in the regions such as 2p14, 3q26, 7q21 and 15q21. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings laid a foundation for further replication and fine-mapping studies as well as for positional and functional candidate gene studies, aiming at eventually finding the causal genetic variants and hidden mechanisms concerning FNCS geometry variation and the associated hip fractures.     

牙髓根管感染厌氧菌培养结果分析

从３４例牙髓根管感染中共分离出厌氧菌１１８株，经菌属分类依次为消化链球菌属，拟杆菌属，梭杆菌属，放线菌属，韦荣氏球菌属和珠网菌属，其中前３属为７７株，分离率为６５．３％，这一结果显示该３属细菌与极管感染有密切关系，是牙髓根管感染的优势菌。     

反思性教学实践在儿科实习生带教中的应用

对近5年来护理专业、医疗专业、中西医结合专业实习学生进行反思性教学实践,激发了学生学习的积极性,培养了教师的反思习惯,使儿科带教工作趋向模式化、路径化、规范化。     

GGA1 acts as a spatial switch altering amyloid precursor protein trafficking and processing

The beta-amyloid (Abeta) precursor protein (APP) is cleaved sequentially by beta-site of APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and gamma-secretase to release the Abeta peptides that accumulate in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GGA1, a member of the Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing ARF-binding (GGA) protein family, interacts with BACE and influences its subcellular distribution. We now report that overexpression of GGA1 in cells increased the APP C-terminal fragment resulting from beta-cleavage but surprisingly reduced Abeta. GGA1 confined APP to the Golgi, in which fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses suggest that the proteins come into close proximity. GGA1 blunted only APP but not notch intracellular domain release. These results suggest that GGA1 prevented APP beta-cleavage products from becoming substrates for gamma-secretase. Direct binding of GGA1 to BACE was not required for these effects, but the integrity of the GAT (GGA1 and TOM) domain of GGA1 was. GGA1 may act as a specific spatial switch influencing APP trafficking and processing, so that APP-GGA1 interactions may have pathophysiological relevance in AD.     

如何增强高职学生对思想政治课的兴趣

中等专业学校学生重视专业课,而淡化非专业课程,尤其对政治课不感兴趣。兴趣是最好的教师,学生学习兴趣是构成学习动机中最现实、最活跃的成分,对于提高学习效果、智力发展、能力培养及教学质量的全面提高有着巨大的作用。1创设情境,激发学习热情思想政治学科,向学生传授的是马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的基本观点、基本方法,以及党和国家在现阶段的路线、方针、政策等。因其理论性较强,故有其严肃性、枯燥性的一面。如若教师没有真挚情感的投入,照本宣科,依葫芦画瓢,则必然出现“听者昏昏然”的局面,学生的学习情绪必然陷于低谷,这种…     

选择性激光小梁成形术治疗开角型青光眼的护理

[目的]探讨选择性激光小梁成形术病人的护理。[方法]采用倍频Q-开关532nmNd：YAG激光小梁成形术对90例原发性开角型青光眼病人进行治疗，并施行恰当的心理护理，术前准备，治疗过程中密切护理配合，术后密切观察病情，做好并发症的处理和健康宣教.[结果]随访1个月～12个月106眼眼压控制在≤2．31 kPa，控制率94．9％。术后降眼压疗效显著、安全且视力稳定，并发症轻而少．[结论]术前施行恰当的心理护理及充分的准备；术中做好手术配合，并指导病人配合手术；术后严密监测眼压及常见症状的护理是手术成功的必要条件。     

血清前列腺特异性抗原增高的病理基础

对血请前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）高于４μｇ／Ｌ，且有病理检查资料的６７例前列腺疾病患者，进行了分析。其中前列腺癌２４例，非癌前列腺病变４３例。结果显示前列腺癌组血清ＰＳＡ明显高于非癌组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以血清ＰＳＡ１０μｇ／Ｌ为低限值，诊断癌的灵敏性为８３．３％。特异性为７４．４％，认为血请ＰＳＡ４～１０μｇ／Ｌ应视为癌的危险范围。上皮血屏障的破坏和上皮细胞增生是血清ＰＳＡ升高的基础     

人胎盘提取组织凝血活酶及其质量评价

利用人胎盘抽提得组织凝血活酶，并对其质量进行了评价，同时初步应用于临床。结果显示：用含表面活性剂的抽提剂粉碎抽提的效果较好，所得组织凝血活酶重复性、灵敏度、稳定性均令人满意；与上海荣盛生物制品厂生产的ＰＴ试剂盒比较相关性好：Ｙ＝２．７５＋０．９０５ｘ，ｒ＝０．９２５３，经相关系数ｔ检验，ｔ＝２６．５４６９，Ｐ＜０．００１，呈直线正相关。临床初步应用显示：肝病及抗凝治疗等病人ＰＴ时间明显延长，９３例正常人ｘ＝１１．３秒，ｓ＝０．９６秒，正常范围９．４２－１３．１８秒。     

Comparison of clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed blastocysts transfer in natural and hormonally controlled cycles

Objectives:To assess the clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed blastocysts transfer in natural and hormonally controlled cycles.Methods:A retrospective analysis of natural and hormonally controlled cycle for 246 frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles,the clinical pregnancy rate,implantation rate,early abortion rate were compared.Results:Of the 192 hormonally controlled cycles,the cancel rate,clinical pregnancy rate per ET,implantation rate and abortion rate were 7.3%(14/192),53.9%(96/178),38.8%(131/338)and 11.5%(11/96)respectively,whereas in 54 natural cycles,these rates were 16.7%(9/54),68.9%(31/45),52.9%(45/85)and 16.1%(5/31)respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the clinical pregnancy and abortion rate per ET,but the cancel rate and implantation rate were higher in natural cycles.However,the pregnancy and implantation rates of patients without PCOS in hormonal control cycles(57.2%,40.9%)were similar with those in natural cycles(P>0.05).Conclusion:These findings suggested that both hormonally controlled and natural cycles had similar pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocysts transfer.     

伽玛刀治疗高危前列腺增生症的临床应用

目的探讨伽玛刀在不适合开放手术或经尿道电切术的高危前列腺增生患者治疗中的应用。方法采用深圳奥沃公司生产的OUR-QGD型立体定向全身伽玛刀治疗20例高危前列腺增生患者。应用国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、前列腺重量、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量作为评价指标。观察上述数据在治疗前后的改变及其临床意义。结果术后随访6个月,IPSS评分由治疗前29分降至19.6分(P<0.01)。前列腺重量平均值均由治疗前的(56.4±4.4)g减少至(54.8±4.3)g(P>0.05)。最大尿流率平均值由治疗前的(6.7±1.8)ml/s增加至(11.5±1.7)ml/s(P<0.01),残余尿量平均值由治疗前的(85.1±27.8)ml降至(50.9±15.6)ml(P<0.01)。结论立体定位体部伽玛刀治疗高危前列腺增生症患者具有简便、安全、无创、痛苦小、并发症少、疗效好,可不需住院等优点,对不愿意接受手术或不宜手术的高危前列腺增生患者不失为一种良好的治疗方法,但费用较高。