Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring of Parents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that includes abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to reassess the parent-offspring association of MetS since the available findings are still controversial.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant articles. All studies comparing MetS status between the offspring of parents with MetS and offspring of parents without MetS were included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and they were analyzed. Offspring of at least 1 parent with MetS had a higher risk of MetS (OR 3.88, 95% CI 2.58–5.83, p < 0.001). Sons and daughters of fathers with MetS both had a higher risk of MetS (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.70–3.12, p < 0.001, and OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.37–2.18, p < 0.001, respectively). Sons and daughters of mothers with MetS both had a higher risk of MetS (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.37–2.76, p = 0.0002, and OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.54–2.35, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed that there is a higher risk of MetS in the offspring of parents with MetS. However, there was no differential association of MetS according to gender and/or age of the offspring.     

股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣修复臀股部IV期压疮疗效

目的　探讨应用股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣修复臀股部IV期压疮的可行性。 方法　2016年1月至2019年2月,本院手足创伤骨科收治9例臀股部IV期压疮患者,男3例,女6例,年龄26~68岁,平均46岁。截瘫原因：高处坠落伤4例,车祸伤3例,脑梗塞2例。清创后创面面积8 cm×5 cm~18 cm×9 cm。根据创面形状、大小及位置设计股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣修复压疮创面,皮瓣面积为10 cm×7 cm~20 cm×10 cm。 结果　所有皮瓣成活,其中2例术后局部渗液较多,经积极保守换药治疗后,皮瓣恢复良好。9例获得6~24月随访,平均13月,皮瓣色泽良好,质地柔软,不影响日常生活,压疮未见复发。 结论　股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣操作简便,血供可靠,可供组织量较多,是修复臀股部IV期压疮的较好选择。     

Clinical features and long-term outcomes of intraspinal ependymomas in pediatric patients

Purpose

The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical manifestations, radiological features, treatment, and long-term outcomes of intraspinal ependymomas (Word Health Organization grade II) in pediatric patients.

Methods

The data of 15 pediatric patients who underwent microsurgery for intraspinal grade II ependymomas were retrospectively reviewed. Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all patients. The diagnosis of grade II ependymomas was based on pathology. All the follow-up data were obtained during office visits.

Results

There were ten males and five females, with a mean age of 13.7?±?3.4 years. Four tumors were located in the cervical cord, six in the cervicothoracic cord, four in the thoracic cord, and one in the conus-cauda region, respectively. The most common symptom was motor deficits. Gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor was achieved in 12 cases, and subtotal resection (STR) was achieved in three cases. Regrowth of the residual tumor was observed in two STR cases during a mean follow-up period of 44.8 months. STR was performed again in one case due to clinical progression. At the last follow-up, 12 patients experienced an improvement in the neurological function and three patients maintained their preoperative status.

Conclusions

Pediatric intraspinal grade II ependymomas are amenable to surgical resection before neurological deficits deteriorate. GTR is the best treatment of choice, and the outcome is favorable. Due to uncertain therapeutic efficacy and possible radiation-induced toxicity, postoperative radiotherapy should be considered carefully for cases of STR.     

雌激素对原代成骨细胞骨形成的影响

了解雌激素对培养的原代成骨细胞骨形成的影响。观察添加雌激素后直接对成骨细胞骨形成的作用，并用VOnKossa免疫染色法定量表示骨形成。结果显示：雌激素对该原代成骨细胞无促进骨形成作用。     

心肌梗死患者和高血压患者血小板微粒CD62P、活化GPⅡb/Ⅲa检测

目的探讨血小板微粒(PMP)膜蛋白与心肌梗死、高血压病的关系。方法收集12例心肌梗死服用阿司匹林前、服用后24h及10例高血压患者、10例正常对照的血液标本,提取富血小板血浆,以20μmol/LADP为激活剂激活血小板,检测其血小板微粒表达PAC1和CD62P的情况。结果心肌梗死组(服药前)、高血压组CD62P+PMP的百分率(85.1%±3.7%、86.%±5.8%)比正常对照组(75.5%±4.4%)高,PAC1+PMP的百分率(85.9%±3.8%、86.4%±5.7%)也比正常对照组(76.3%±5.3%)高(P<0.01),而心肌梗死组服药前和高血压组间无显著性差异。心肌梗死组服用阿司匹林后24h,CD62P+PMP、PAC1+PMP的百分率分别降低到66.3%±7.56%、68.4%±6.4%,与服药前比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论心肌梗死、高血压与血小板微粒膜上的CD62P、PAC1表达存在一定的联系,服用阿司匹林可降低血小板微粒膜上CD62P、PAC-1的表达率。     

Confocal laser scanning microscopy and ultrastructural study of VGLUT2 thalamic input to striatal projection neurons in rats

We examined thalamic input to striatum in rats using immunolabeling for the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2). Double immunofluorescence viewed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that VGLUT2+ terminals are distinct from VGLUT1+ terminals. CLSM of Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHAL)‐labeled cortical or thalamic terminals revealed that VGLUT2 is rare in corticostriatal terminals but nearly always present in thalamostriatal terminals. Electron microscopy revealed that VGLUT2+ terminals made up 39.4% of excitatory terminals in striatum (with VGLUT1+ corticostriatal terminals constituting the rest), and 66.8% of VGLUT2+ terminals synapsed on spines and the remainder on dendrites. VGLUT2+ axospinous terminals had a mean diameter of 0.624 μm, while VGLUT2+ axodendritic terminals a mean diameter of 0.698 μm. In tissue in which we simultaneously immunolabeled thalamostriatal terminals for VGLUT2 and striatal neurons for D1 (with about half of spines immunolabeled for D1), 54.6% of VGLUT2+ terminals targeted D1+ spines (i.e., direct pathway striatal neurons), and 37.3% of D1+ spines received VGLUT2+ synaptic contacts. By contrast, 45.4% of VGLUT2+ terminals targeted D1‐negative spines (i.e., indirect pathway striatal neurons), and only 25.8% of D1‐negative spines received VGLUT2+ synaptic contacts. Similarly, among VGLUT2+ axodendritic synaptic terminals, 59.1% contacted D1+ dendrites, and 40.9% contacted D1‐negative dendrites. VGLUT2+ terminals on D1+ spines and dendrites tended to be slightly smaller than those on D1‐negative spines and dendrites. Thus, thalamostriatal terminals contact both direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons, with a slight preference for direct. These results are consistent with physiological studies indicating slightly different effects of thalamic input on the two types of striatal projection neurons. J. Comp. Neurol., 521:1354–1377, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Baicalein reduces β‐amyloid and promotes nonamyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model

Baicalein, a flavonoid isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, is known to modulate γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors. Given prior reports demonstrating benefits of GABA_A modulation for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment, we wished to determine whether this agent might be beneficial for AD. CHO cells engineered to overexpress wild‐type amyloid precursor protein (APP), primary culture neuronal cells from AD mice (Tg2576) and AD mice were treated with baicalein. In the cell cultures, baicalein significantly reduced the production of β‐amyloid (Aβ) by increasing APP α‐processing. These effects were blocked by the GABA_A antagonist bicuculline. Likewise, AD mice treated daily with i.p. baicalein for 8 weeks showed enhanced APP α‐secretase processing, reduced Aβ production, and reduced AD‐like pathology together with improved cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that baicalein promotes nonamyloidogenic processing of APP, thereby reducing Aβ production and improving cognitive performance, by activating GABA_A receptors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

瑞舒伐他汀与辛伐他汀治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效比较

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀与辛伐他汀治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法选取我院缺血性脑卒中患者90例,随机分为2组,观察组45例在基础治疗基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀,对照组45例在基础治疗基础上加用辛伐他汀,比较治疗前与治疗3个月后患者空腹静脉血中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化。观察2组不良反应。结果治疗后2组TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP水平均显著低于治疗前,HDL-C水平显著高于治疗前,且瑞舒伐他汀组变化幅度更大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀组与辛伐他汀组的缺血性脑卒中复发率分别为11.11%(5/45)和24.44%(11/45),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应较轻微,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀与辛伐他汀对于缺血性脑卒中患者均有很好的降脂及抗炎作用,且不良反应情况类似,但瑞舒伐他汀效果更为显著且复发率更低。