Biomaterial-based platforms for cancer stem cell enrichment and study

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a relatively rare subpopulation of tumor cell with self-renewal and tumorigenesis capabilities. CSCs are associated with cancer recurrence, progression, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Establishing a reliable platform for CSC enrichment and study is a prerequisite for understanding the characteristics of CSCs and discovering CSC-related therapeutic strategies. Certain strategies for CSC enrichment have been used in laboratory, particularly fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mammosphere culture. However, these methods fail to recapitulate the in vivo chemical and physical conditions in tumors, thus potentially decreasing the malignancy of CSCs in culture and yielding unreliable research results. Accumulating research suggests the promise of a biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) strategy for CSC enrichment and study. This strategy has an advantage over conventional methods in simulating the tumor microenvironment, thus providing a more effective and predictive model for CSC laboratory research. In this review, we first briefly discuss the conventional methods for CSC enrichment and study. We then summarize the latest advances and challenges in biomaterial-based 3D CSC platforms. Design strategies for materials, morphology, and chemical and physical cues are highlighted to provide direction for the future construction of platforms for CSC enrichment and study.     

Sesquiterpenoids from Hedyosmum orientale

Five new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids, hedyosumins A-E (1-5), together with five known ones (6-10), were isolated from the aerial parts of Hedyosmum orientale. Two known sesquiterpenoids, 10alpha-hydroxy-1,5alpha H-guaia-3,7(11)-dien-8alpha,12-olide and 9alpha-hydroxyasterolide, were obtained as natural products for the first time. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. 9alpha-Hydroxyasterolide (7) showed moderate activities against A-549 and HL-60 tumor cell lines with the IC 50 values of 3.1 and 8.8 microM, respectively.     

Hualyzin, a symmetrical urea derivative isolated from Penicillium herquei isolate GA4

Penicillium herquei isolate GA4 was isolated from the infected Conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis. A large-scale fermentation using yeast extract sucrose medium and repeated chromatography afforded a new symmetrical urea derivative, hualyzin (1). The structure was determined by detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations and MS fragmentation analysis.     

48例皮肤癌创面闭合临床分析

对４８例皮肤癌病灶切除不能直接缝合的创面,选择较大创缘潜行分离拉拢缝合、植皮、皮瓣等三种方式闭合创面,均取得创面愈合,且无明显并发症发生。提示拉拢缝合是一种较好的方式;对老年头皮创面,首选植皮;深部组织裸露,用皮瓣覆盖;邻近下腹部的创面选用轴型皮瓣闭合。     

心脏死亡供体原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的原因探讨和诊疗经验

目的: 探讨心脏死亡供体（donation after cardiac death,DCD）原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的发生因素、诊断要点和治疗方法。方法: 对2015年1月—2016年8月于南京医科大学第一附属医院肝移植中心实施的87例DCD供肝肝移植患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。87例中29例行经典原位肝移植,58例行改良背驮式肝移植,胆管重建方式均为胆总管端端吻合,无1例放置T管。结果: 87例肝移植患者中9例通过胆道造影确诊为肝移植术后胆道并发症, 8例治愈, 1例好转, 无死亡。胆道并发症发生率10.1%(9/87)。结论: DCD供体原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的发生与供肝缺血时间、DCD供肝质量、胆管吻合技术及供肝修剪技术等因素有关,术后胆道造影有助于及时诊断胆道并发症。介入技术是胆道并发症的主要治疗手段。     

天冬泡腾颗粒剂处方配比优化研究

目的优化天冬泡腾颗粒剂的最佳处方配比。方法以pH值、粒度及溶化时限作为评价方法,采用正交试验设计,考察天冬提取浸膏、辅料用量对泡腾颗粒剂处方的影响。结果天冬泡腾颗粒剂最佳处方配比为天冬提取浸膏5.0 g、乳糖1.5 g、糊精3.0 g、淀粉4.0 g。结论该制剂处方稳定,可用于该制剂生产。     

圆弧青霉提取物诱发人羊膜细胞程序外DNA合成及合成抑制的研究

从食管癌高发区河南省林县的粮食中,分离出5株圆弧青霉(Penicillium cyclopiumWestling)用大米做培养基,25℃培养两周,经氯仿:甲醇等连续提取后,得到棕褐色膏状提取物。用其中的4株,诱发出了人羊膜FL细胞株的程序外DNA合成(Unscheduled DNA Synthesis,UDS)与DNA合成抑制(DNA Synthesis Inhibition,DSI),与溶剂对照比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),并在一定程度上存在剂量效应关系;加S_9后,其生物学活性明显降低,推测此提取物中含有能引起人羊膜细胞DNA损伤的直接诱变剂。     

疼痛敏感性与腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤手术患者急性术后疼痛相关性的研究

目的 探讨疼痛敏感性与腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤患者急性术后疼痛的相关性。方法 择期全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤手术患者50例,性别不限,年龄≥18岁,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,根据术前疼痛敏感性调查问卷（PSQ）评分结果分为2组：高敏感性组（PSQ≥5.0分,S组）和低敏感性组（PSQ＜5.0分,C组）。采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评估患者术后24h内急性疼痛的发生情况,记录术前PSQ评分、外周静脉置管疼痛评分（VCP)、年龄、性别、ASA分级、体重指数（BMI）、手术时长、全麻苏醒时间、拔管时间、术后清醒即刻（T0)、1h(T1)、2h(T2)、3h(T3)、4h(T4)、5h(T5)、6h(T6)、8h(T7)、10h(T8)、12h(T9)、24h(T10)的VAS评分、术后24h内镇痛泵按压次数和补救镇痛次数及恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、腹胀等术后并发症的发生情况。结果 两组患者的年龄、性别、ASA分级、BMI、手术时长、苏醒时间、拔管时间、术后24h镇痛泵按压次数、术后并发症比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。与C组比较,S组T0、T1、T2时间点的VAS评分较高,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术前PSQ评分与VCP呈正相关（r=0.693,P＜0.05）,结果有统计学意义。术前PSQ评分与T0、T1、T2时间点的VAS评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）。S组术后2h补救镇痛次数较C组增多,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。以术前PSQ评分为检验变量,急性术后疼痛的发生为状态变量绘制ROC曲线。测得曲线下面积为0.909,提示采用PSQ问卷可显著预测腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤手术患者急性术后疼痛的发生。通过约登指数计算出腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤手术患者中PSQ≥4.85分者疼痛敏感性更高,其VCP≥2分的发生率为66.7%,而PSQ＜4.85分的患者中VCP≥2分的发生率仅为24.1%,比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论 疼痛敏感性与腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤手术患者急性术后疼痛的发生有相关性,可能成为急性术后疼痛发生的预测指标。腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤手术患者中,PSQ≥4.85分者术后发生疼痛的可能性更高。