女性服刑人员精神创伤的特征

目的调查女性服刑人员精神创伤的特征。方法在湖南新路职业学校中,采用多级随机整群抽样的原则抽取471个女性服刑人员,分青少年组（年龄≤25岁）和成年组（〉25岁）。运用创伤性生活事件问卷（TLEQ）和访谈相结合的技术评估她们的精神创伤经历。结果（1）90.4%的女性服刑人员至少经历1件创伤性事件,63.7%至少经历3件或以上的多重创伤。青少年组的事件数量多于成年组（平均为4和3件,P〈0.01）。暴力和毒品相关犯罪组的事件数量相当（平均4件）,都多于经济犯罪组（2件）;中学或相当教育程度者的事件数量最多（4件）,大专或以上者最少（2件）;未婚、离婚/丧偶2组经历的事件数量最多（4件）,已婚组最少（2件）,均差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。（2）最多见的创伤类型是机动车祸（46.9%）、目睹家庭暴力（46.1%）和被抢劫（38.9%）。16.7%的女犯在18岁以前遭遇过性虐待。与成年组相比,青少年组经历了更多的创伤类型为被抢劫、目睹被惨打、目睹家庭暴力,以及儿童期性虐待。结论我国文化背景下,女性服刑人员的精神创伤经历相当普遍,是精神创伤的潜在受害者。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术开展初期质量控制的临床研究

目的探讨如何控制腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）开展初期的并发症及中转率。方法制定八条质量控制措施，总结分析568例LC临床资料。结果并发症6例，仅占1．2％，中转手术8例，中转率仅1．6％。结论在开展LC初期只要加强质量控制，完全可以避开高并发症、高中转率这种所谓的自然规律。     

超声探讨室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭的诊断方法

目的:超声探讨室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭(VSD PDA)患者的动脉导管未闭(PDA)显示方法.方法:超声测量41例VSD PDA和41例单纯室间隔缺损(VSD)患儿的主动脉峰值流速(Vp),平均流速(Vm),流速时间积分(VTI)和心排指数(CI).除常规在胸骨旁大动脉短轴切面探查以外,彩色多普勒超声心动图在胸骨旁肺动脉分叉切面、胸骨上主动脉弓长轴,向短轴扫查切面及剑突下主动脉短轴切面探查PDA.结果:41例VSD PDA患者检出PDA 29例,占70.73%,漏诊12例,漏诊率29.27%.VSD PDA患者的Vp、Vm、VTI和CI参数明显高于单纯VSD患者,P<0.001.4例在胸骨旁大动脉短轴切面未显示的PDA,其中2例在胸骨旁肺动脉分叉切面发现PDA,1例在胸骨上主动脉弓长轴向短轴扫查切面显示PDA,1例在剑突下主动脉短轴切面显示PDA.结论:VSD患儿主动脉Vp、Vm、VTI和CI参数增高时提示合并PDA存在.探查VSD患儿胸骨旁肺动脉分叉切面、胸骨上主动脉弓长轴向短轴扫查切面及剑突下主动脉短轴切面有助于发现PDA.     

发育性偏颌畸形的整形外科矫治

目的探讨发育性偏颌畸形的外科矫治方法。方法通过对21例发育性偏颌畸形患者的畸形部位与程度，分别采用LefortⅠ型截骨、下颌升支矢状劈开、颏部水平截骨、下颌骨外板截除、下颌骨外板移植等项整形手术治疗，并就该类患者颌面结构特征、手术方式的选择及疗效进行了回顾性分析。结果自1997年7月至2003年10月共治疗发育性下颌偏斜畸形21例，根据不同的类型采用相应的手术方法，获得了满意面部形态和殆功能。结论发育性偏颌畸形，根据不同类型运用相应的措施，通过恢复面部骨性轮廓支架和殆关系，配合术前术后的正畸治疗，可获得满意的临床效果。     

乳腺病变X线立体定位钢丝置入移位的分析

目的分析乳腺立体定位下钢丝置入移位的表现、原因、处理方法，提高术前定位的准确性。方法行立体定位置入钢丝患者79例，96个病变，发生钢丝移位13例。结果立体定位中发生钢丝移位5例，原因分别来自于患者和操作医师；立体定位完成后钢丝移位5例，原因是局麻注射药物过多，导致乳腺Z轴的深度与计算机提示的实际深度不符合、放置定位针的方法不正确、拔出钢丝外套针套时疏忽钢丝是否已锚定病变。处理方法：可按照钢丝提示位置向病变方向移位2cm以内进行手术，重新放置第2根钢丝，将双J型钢丝收入针套并取出体外，重新定位。手术中钢丝脱出2例，因术后过分提拉钢丝所致，放射科医师放置钢丝后应向外科医师准确描述深度、方向，并从距离钢丝头端距离皮肤最近处取切口手术。术后标本未见钙化1例，与钙化位于手术电刀破坏的腺体内有关，可扩大范围切除并短期复查，证实钙化是否完整切除。结论正确认识乳腺X线立体定位下钢丝移位的表现，熟练掌握其处理方法，可提高对不可触及的乳腺病变的定位准确性，正确引导外科手术。     

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on biological characteristics of osteoblasts

Objective: To elucidate the effects of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) on biological characteristics of rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Methods: The osteoblasts isolated from a Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of bFGF ( 5-50 ng/ml) respectively. At 24 hours after treatment, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen was measured with immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined and the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF-β1 )was detected to observe the effects of bFGF on growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. Resu/ts: bFGF ( 5-50 ng/ml ) could obviously promote the growth of osteoblasts. The intracellular expression of TGF-β1 mRNA increased significantly, but the intracellular ALP content decreased. Conclusions: bFGF can obviously stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts and promote the synthesis of TGF-β1, but cannot promote the differentiation of osteoblasts.     

小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞株bEnd.3的细胞特征及基因表达谱分析

目的:对一种小鼠脑组织来源的血管内皮细胞株bEnd.3的主要细胞特征进行研究并做血管内皮细胞生物学功能基因芯片分析。方法:利用倒置显微镜、扫描和透射电子显微镜观察细胞形态特征;免疫细胞化学法显示血管内皮细胞特异性表面标志;ELISA定量检测PGE₂;流式细胞术、MTT法研究增殖和凋亡、血管内皮细胞基因芯片研究正常培养bEnd.3基因表达谱。结果:bEnd.3具备多种典型的微血管内皮细胞(MVEC)特征:细胞呈多边形或梭型、呈铺路石样生长;存在管腔样结构(TLS)和毛细血管样网络,细胞表面有丰富的微绒毛;vW因子、CD34阳性;CD31、CD36、CD105等也有不同程度的表达;细胞高水平分泌前列腺素E₂(PGE₂);多种与正常血管功能密切相关的基因也有不同程度的表达。结论:bEnd.3保留了MVEC的基本特性,可用于心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等重大疾病的发病机制的基础与临床研究。     

睡眠剥夺对内隐记忆的影响

目的:探讨不同时间睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation,SD)对内隐记忆的影响。方法:将32名青年男性随机分为4组:对照组、SD21、SD45和SD69组,每组8名。采用补笔测验和组词测验对4组被试进行测试。结果:SD 后无论知觉启动还是语义启动,启动量降低,并随SD 时间延长而减少。同一组内,两种测验进行比较,除对照组外,其他SD 组两两比较,语义启动的启动量大于知觉启动(P<0.05)。知觉启动中,SD45同SD69 相比无显著差异(P=0.245),其他两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);语义启动中,SD21同对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.316),其他两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:SD 后内隐记忆受损,并同SD 时间有关;SD 后语义启动和知觉启动出现分离,知觉启动更受SD 影响。     

肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤和成人囊性肾瘤的临床病理学观察

Objective To study the clinicopathologie features,immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney ( MEST) and adult cystic nephroma ( CN).Methods Five cases of MEST and 4 cases of CN were retrospectively analyzed.Immunohistochemical study was carried out and the literature was reviewed.Results All of the five patients with MEST were females.Their median age was 45 years.For CN,there were 3 males and 1 female and their median age was 41 years.All patients presented with loin pain and hematuria.On gross examination,MEST was well-circumscribed but non-encapsulated.There was no evidence of haemorrhage or necrosis.Three of the cases were solid in nature.One was composed of a mixture of solid and cystic elements,while the remaining case showed a multicystic cut surface bridged by thick fibrous septa.On the other hand,CN were well-circumscribed and encapsulated.They were multiloculated cystic in nature.The cystic spaces were separated by thin septa and there was no significant solid or necrotic component.Histologically,MEST consisted of proliferation of cystically dilated glands admixed with spindly stromal cells with various cellularity and growth patterns.Both the glandular and stromal elements were well-differentiated with no cytologic atypia identified.The glandular structures in 2 of the cases were partially lined by endometrial or tubal epithelium.In contrast,the thin-walled cystic spaces in CN were lined by a single layer of epithelium.Immunohistochemical　study showed that the epithelial cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen.The spindle cells in MEST expressed vimentin (5/5 ) ,smooth muscle actin (3/5 ),desmin (4/5 ),CD10 (5/5),estrogen receptor (4/5) and progesterone receptor (4/5).They were negative for HMB45,CD34,CD117 and S-100 protein.On the other hand,the spindle cells in CN were variably positive for vimentin (4/4),smooth muscle actin (4/4),desmin (1/4),estrogen receptor (3/4) and progesterone receptor (1/4).They were negative for CD10,HMB45,CD34,CD117 and S-100 protein.Conclusions Both MEST and CN are uncommon renal neoplasm.Most of them run a benign clinical course.The stromal cells in MEST show smooth muscle or myofibroblastic differentiation.Areas demonstrating Miillerian features also existed in some cases.MEST and CN share overlapping histological and immunohistochemical features,and may represent spectrum of the same group of lesions.     

阑尾粘液囊肿的超声诊断

目的　探讨阑尾粘液囊肿 (AMC)的声像图表现 ,评价其临床意义 ;方法　回顾性分析了 7例AMC的声像图表现及超声与病理诊断的符合情况 ;结果　 6例诊断正确 ,1例误诊 ,符合率 85 7% ,本组病理声像图的主要表现有①圆形或卵圆形边界清楚的超声暗区 ;②AMC最小 37mm× 30mm ,最大 5 8mm× 6 5mm ;③位于右下腹相当于阑尾的解剖部位 ;结论　作者初步经验表明超声检查为发现AMC的一种敏感和可靠的方法 ,有助于对是否需行手术治疗作出正确的判断