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??OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determination of the preservatives in betamethasone injectable suspension, including benzyl alcohol, methylparaben and propylparaben. METHODS The determination method was developed with 5 mmol??L^-1 ammonium acetate(containing 1% triethylamine and adjusted to pH 5.0 with glacial acetic acid) as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B, and gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL??min^-1. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ?? and the detection wavelength was set at 257 nm. RESULTS The resolutions between the three main peaks and adjacent peaks were greater than 1.5. The calibration curves of benzyl alcohol, methylparaben and propylparaben showed good linearity in the ranges of 0.175 9-1.758 6 mg??mL^-1(r=1.000 0), 0.022 3-0.223 1 mg??mL^-1(r=0.999 8), 0.004 35-0.043 47 mg??mL^-1(r=1.000 0), respectively. The average recovery rates were 98.98%, 99.38% and 100.07%, and the RSDs were 0.6%,1.3% and 1.0%(n=9), respectively. The results of test of influencing factors showed that the contents of hydroxyphenylmethyl ester and propylparaben decreased at high temperature. CONCLUSION The developed method is proved by validation to be applicable for the quality control of the preservatives in betamethasone injectable suspension.     

Role of fNIRS technology in observing the effect of needling Hegu (LI 4) on the functions of prefrontal cortex in healthy volunteers

Objective

To observe the effect of needling Hegu (LI 4) on functions of the prefrontal cortex using the functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods

A total of 12 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an acupuncture group (n=6) and a control group (n=6). The control group received no intervention. The acupuncture group received needling Hegu (LI 4) on the right side. The real-time concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO₂), deoxygenated hemoglobin (d-Hb) and total hemoglobin (t-Hb) in the prefrontal cortex were recorded using the fNIRS, allowing for effect analysis of needling Hegu (LI 4) on the functions of the prefrontal cortex.

Results

Compared with the control group, the HbO2 and t-Hb concentrations were increased in the acupuncture group and there were between-group statistical significances (both P<0.05). There was no between-group statistical significance in d-Hb concentration (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Needling Hegu (LI 4) can extensively activate the prefrontal cortex and therefore has significant effect on the functions of the brain’s prefrontal cortex.

     

Liver damage,proliferation, and progenitor cell markers in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Background

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease known to cause injury to multiple organs including the liver. Liver regeneration is essential for the recovery after NEC-induced liver injury. Our aim was to investigate hepatic proliferation and progenitor cell marker expression in experimental NEC.

Atrial fibrillation in dialysis patients: is there a place for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs approximately in 3% of general population, with greater prevalence in elderly. Non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulant agents (NOACs) according to the current European guidelines are recommended for patients with AF at high risk for stroke as a first-choice treatment. NOACs are not inferior to warfarin or some of them are better than warfarin in reducing the rate of ischemic stroke. Moreover, they significantly reduce the rate of intracranial hemorrhages, major bleedings, and mortality compared with warfarin. Nevertheless according to ESC guidelines, NOACs are not recommended in patients with creatinine clearance?<?30 mL/min. Observational studies provide contradictive data. Only few new trials are ongoing. Therefore, it is not clear if NOACs should be in the future prescribed to patients with advanced CKD and those on dialysis. Moreover, the risk of stroke and bleeding is much higher in such population than in patients without end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The authors provide data on pros and cons of use of NOACs in ESRD patients with AF.     

β-联蛋白在恶性胸膜间皮瘤组织的表达及其对肿瘤的抑制作用

目的：探讨β-联蛋白在恶性胸膜间皮瘤组织的表达及其对肿瘤抑制作用。方法：应用AnnexinV和TUNEL法分别检测转染野生型β-联蛋白（β-CAT-V5-FP）和突变型β-联蛋白 （β-CAT-S37C-V5-FP）诱导恶性胸膜间皮瘤NCI-H28细胞凋亡;采用体外细胞培养法,研究β-联蛋白基因对肿瘤的抑制作用。结果：转染野生型β-联蛋白和突变型β-联蛋白的细胞凋亡率与转染空白载体组比较均有明显的增高。转染羧基端缺失的β-联蛋白基因也可导致细胞凋亡,但与转染野生型β-联蛋白（β-CAT-V5-FP）和突变型β-联蛋白（β-CAT-S37C-V5-FP）的细胞相比明显减少。结论：β-联蛋白基因在非上皮性肿瘤——恶性胸膜间皮瘤中也可诱导细胞凋亡。     

膝关节镜下中心成形联合边缘稳定术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤

目的探讨关节镜下中心成形联合边缘稳定术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤的疗效。方法收集自2009-01—2013-08诊治的盘状半月板损伤68例(72膝),经MRI和关节镜下确诊后,随机分成2组。A组给予保留边缘6~8 mm成形联合半月板稳定术,进行体部、肌腱裂口周围垂直缝合固定,前、后角经胫骨骨道固定;B组行盘状半月板全切或次全切除术。观察2组术后3、6、12膝关节功能Lysholm评分,术后12个月MRI半月板板台比。结果 A组34例获得随访,B组34例获得随访,随访时间平均12.3(12~14)个月。患者术后关节活动度恢复满意,关节交锁及弹响症状消失,无再撕裂或因症状复发需要二次手术者。2组术后3、6个月Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义(t=1.826,P=0.077;t=0.442,P=0.661);术后12个月A组Lysholm评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.718,P=0.001)。A组术后12个月MRI半月板板台比为(9.2±2.6)%,B组为(5.0±2.7)%,A组残存半月板板台比较B组高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.475,P=0.001);但比同侧正常的(12.3%)低。结论对于不稳定盘状软骨损伤,在半月板成形的基础上,给予周边缝合固定及前后角重建固定,能最大程度地保留外侧半月板周缘并保持其稳定性,具有良好的短期疗效。